Nursing Commons^™

Hidden Relationships: Perspectives On Leadership And Management In Afghan Maternity Services - An Ethnographic Exploration, Rachel Arnold, Edwin Van Teijlingen, Kath Ryan, Immy Holloway

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Introduction: Health system leaders have a vital role to play in ensuring the delivery of high-quality care. Improving the quality of healthcare, particularly in low-income countries often focuses on the performance of healthcare providers and the availability, acceptability, and uptake of services. The role that health service leaders play in facilitating effective care has received less attention in the literature. This study explored the perspectives of Afghan maternity care providers, managers and other stakeholders on leadership and the provision of quality maternity care.
Methods: This ethnographic study used semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and background interviews for data collection. …

Intimate Partner Violence Disclosure And Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending A City Hospital In South-Western Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study, Eve Katushabe, John Baptist Asiimwe, Vincent Batwala

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is a public health problem in Uganda that negatively impacts maternal and newborn health outcomes. However, IPVdisclosure and associated factors among pregnant women have remained poorly documented in southwestern Uganda. Therefore, this study determined IPV disclosure and associated factors among pregnant women attending a large City hospital.

Methods: In a cross-sectional design, 283 women attending Mbarara City Hospital Antenatal care (ANC) clinic were consecutively recruited into the study. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. This was administered by the research team and the exercise took over a month. That is; from 7th …

Knowledge, Attitudes, And Preparedness For Managing Pregnant And Postpartum Women With Covid-19 Among Nurse-Midwives In Kenya, Rose Maina, Rachel Kimani, James Orwa, Bernard Mutwiri, Carolyne K. Nyariki, Sheila Shaibu, Valerie Fleming

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Introduction: Globally, maternal morbidity and mortality have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the high burden of maternal and neonatal mortality in Kenya prior to COVID-19, front line health workers, including nurse-midwives, must be competent to ensure continued quality maternal services. Knowledge and awareness of COVID-19 transmission influence nurse-midwives risk perception and ability to implement prevention strategies.

Objective: We examined nurse-midwives’ knowledge, attitudes, and preparedness in managing pregnant and postpartum women with COVID-19 in Kenya.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 118 nurse-midwives between July 2020 and November 2020. A 31-item survey comprising 15 knowledge, …

Extent To Which Visual Inspection With Acetic Acid Screening Guidelines Are Adhered To In Selected Health Facilities In Embu County, Kenya Before And After Intervention, Evah M. M., Abednego Ongeso, Innocent M., Emmah M.

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Cervical cancer is one of the few diseases that reflect global inequities. In low and middle income countries, its incidence is nearly twice as high and its death rates three times as high compared to high income countries. Programs must focus on changing these trends. Visualizing with acetic acid encompasses the following: First, the health Care provider (HCP) does vaginal examination using a speculum, then dilute (3-5%) acetic acid (vinegar) is applied to the cervix. The presence of abnormal tissue often temporarily appears white when exposed to vinegar and then cervical color changes are observed with a naked eye. The …

Healthcare Providers' Experiences With A Clinical Mentorship Intervention To Improve Reproductive, Maternal And Newborn Care In Mwanza, Tanzania, Kahabi Isangula, Columba Mbekenga, Tumbwene Mwansisya, Loveluck Mwasha, Lucy Kisaka, Edna Selestine, David Siso, Thomas Rutachunzibwa, Secilia Mrema, Eunice Pallangyo

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Introduction: There is increasing evidence suggesting that clinical mentorship (CM) involving on-the-job training is one of the critical resources—friendly entry points for strengthening the knowledge and skills of healthcare providers (HCPs), which in turn facilitate the delivery of effective reproductive, maternal, and newborn health (RMNH) care. The article explores the experiences of HCPs following participation in the CM program for RMNH in eight districts of Mwanza Region in Tanzania.

Materials and Methods: A qualitative descriptive design employing data from midterm project review meetings and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with purposefully selected HCPs (mentors and mentees) and District Medical Officers (DMOs) …

Nurses’ Attitudes Towards Hospitalized Older Adults In A Tertiary Care Setting In Ghana, Yakubu H. Yakubu, Abdul-Ganiyu Fuseini, Eleanor Holroyd

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Introduction: The increasing population of older adults and rapid increases in co- morbidities globally has necessitated the need for a healthcare delivery system that meets the multifaceted needs of the growing population of older adults. Concurrent with these rising complex health needs is the importance of positive, non-judgmental attitudes of health services providers towards older adults. Moreover, this is particu-larly important in the nursing profession, given nurses' significant and crucial roles in healthcare settings.

Aim: The study aimed to evaluate nurses’ attitudes towards older adults in a tertiary hospital in Ghana.

Design: It employed a descriptive cross-sectional …

Child Mortality In Africa And South Asia: A Multidimensional Research And Policy Framework, Rachel Kimani, Samwel Gatimu

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Globally, progress has been made to address the diagnosis and management of common and avoidable acute illnesses that contribute to child mortality. Nevertheless, regions across sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia continue to have the highest rates of mortality in children younger than 5 years, with most deaths occurring after discharge from health facilities, indicating a gap in care following hospitalisation.

Perinatal Care In Western Uganda: Prevalence And Factors Associated With Appropriate Care Among Women Attending Three District Hospitals, Mercy Muwema, Dan K. Kaye, Grace Edwards, Gorrette Nalwadda, Joanita Nangendo, Jaffer Okiring, Wilson Mwanja, Elizabeth N. Ekong, Joan N. Kalyango, Joaniter I. Nankabirwa

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Background: Perinatal mortality remains high globally and remains an important indicator of the quality of a health care system. To reduce this mortality, it is important to provide the recommended care during the perinatal period. We assessed the prevalence and factors associated with appropriate perinatal care (antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum) in Bunyoro region, Uganda. Results from this study provide valuable information on the perinatal care services and highlight areas of improvement for better perinatal outcomes.

Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted among postpartum mothers attending care at three district hospitals in Bunyoro. Following consent, a questionnaire was …

Knowledge And Practices Regarding Standard Precautions For Infection Control Among Nurses Working At A Public, Tertiary Care Hospital Islamabad, Pakistan, Samina Yasmeen, Tazeen Saeed Ali, Wardah Khalid, Zohra Kurji, Shair Muhammad Hazara, Shahzad Bashir

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Introduction: To protect patients and healthcare providers from healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), standard precautions have been promoted universally. Nurses are the forefront force in patient care; therefore, evidence-based and up to date knowledge and practices can play a vital role in helping nurses apply standard precautions (SPs).
Methods: The analytical cross-sectional study design was used. Through purposive sampling, the data were collected from 320 nurses, via, a self-administered questionnaire, from April to May 2017, from a public tertiary level hospital in Islamabad. The validity and reliability of each section was established. Mean and standard deviation were computed for continuous variables’ whereas; …

Urinary Incontinence: Understanding The Silent Plight Of Women, Yasmin Nadeem Parpio, Anmol Minaz, Sonia Ijaz Haider

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Urinary incontinence (UI) is defined as the complaint of involuntary loss of urine. UI affects both men and women but is more common in women. It has been identified as a World Health Organization priority. The burden related to UI at local, national, and global levels is huge and its impact in terms of physical, social, mental, and financial aspects makes it a concerning issue. However, there exist several barriers in terms of knowledge and attitude in seeking healthcare among women experiencing UI. This calls upon a multi-disciplinary approach involving professionals from different disciplines and tackling it with collaborative and …

Factors Associated With Home Delivery In Rural Sindh, Pakistan: Results From The Global Network Birth Registry, Afreen Sadia, Shafaq Mahmood, Farnaz Naqvi, Seemab Naqvi, Zahid Soomro, Sarah Saleem

Community Health Sciences

Background: According to global estimates for 2017, nearly 295,000 maternal deaths occurred worldwide. Thus, approximately 810 women die every day due to pregnancy-related complications. This burden of maternal deaths in LMICs is primarily due to poor healthcare service utilization, as indicated by relatively low rates of institutional deliveries and skilled-birth attendance (SBA). We conducted this study with an aim to assess the factors associated with home delivery and its subsequent effect on the pregnancy outcome in rural Sindh, Pakistan.
Methods: Data for this study were taken from The Global Network's Maternal Newborn Health Registry (MNHR), which is a prospective, population-based …

Effects Of Integrating Family Planning With Maternal, Newborn, And Child Health Services On Uptake Of Voluntary Modern Contraceptive Methods In Rural Pakistan: Protocol For A Quasi-Experimental Study, Zahid Memon, Sophie Reale, Wardah Ahmed, Rachael Spencer, Talib Hussain Lashari, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Hora Soltani

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

Background: The uptake of modern contraceptive methods (MCMs) remains low, with 25% of women reporting their use in Pakistan. The overarching interventions covering service delivery platforms at facility and community levels necessitate the integration of family planning (FP) with maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) services.
Objective: The main aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of an integrated FP-MNCH service delivery model to increase coverage of MCMs in rural Pakistan. Moreover, we aim to measure the level of effectiveness of interventions regarding the uptake of MCMs.
Methods: A quasi-experimental, sequential, mixed methods study design with pre- and …

Knowledge And Practices On The Prevention And Management Of Diarrhea In Children Under-2 Years Among Women Dwelling In Urban Slums Of Karachi, Pakistan, Asif Khaliq, Amreen 1, Nazia Jameel, Stefanie J. Krauth

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death especially among children. The age-proportionate mortality of diarrheal disease in infants under 2 years is 72%, among children under 5 years of age. Children living in urban slums are more prone to develop diarrhea. Although the disease can be prevented by many simple cost-effective interventions, i.e. proper sanitation and hygiene, appropriate feeding, and timely vaccination, poverty and lack of basic life amenities often potentiate diarrhea mortality. Gadap town is the largest town of Karachi with a deprived health system. This study aims to assess pediatric diarrhea prevalence and related knowledge-practice gaps …

The Nine-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (Igds9-Sf): Its Psychometric Properties Among Sri Lankan Students And Measurement Invariance Across Sri Lanka, Turkey, Australia, And The Usa, Amira Mohammed Ali, Rasmieh Al-Amer, Maha Atout, Tazeen Saeed Ali, Ayman M Hamdan Mansour, Haitham Khatatbeh, Abdulmajeed A. Alkhamees, Amin Omar Hendawy

School of Nursing & Midwifery

The prevalence of internet gaming disorders (IGD) is considerably high among youth, especially with the social isolation imposed by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. IGD adversely affects mental health, quality of life, and academic performance. The Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (IGDS9-SF) is designed to detect IGD according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. However, inconsistent results are reported on its capacity to diagnose IGD evenly across different cultures. To ensure the suitability of the IGDS9-SF as a global measure of IGD, this study examined the psychometric properties of the IGDS9-SF in a sample of Sri Lankan university students (N = 322, mean age …

Effectiveness Of Implementation Of Standard Clinical Pathway Through Healthcare Professionals Among Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Angiography / Angioplasty In A Public Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi, Shahzad Bashir, Sarfraz Masih, Rubina Barolia, Muhammad Nawaz Lashari, Iram Amin

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Objective: To assess the effect of acute myocardial infarction standard clinical pathway among acute myocardial infarction patients on length of stay in public tertiary care setting.
Methods: The quasi-experimental non-randomised study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology, Dr Ruth Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi, from September to December 2018, and comprised acute myocardial infarction patients. Those admitted before the implementation of acute myocardial infarction standard clinical pathway formed the control group, while those admitted after the implementation were in the intervention group. Acute myocardial infarction standard clinical pathway was implemented and the interventional clinical practices of healthcare professionals, including cardiologists, …

What Stops Us From Eating: A Qualitative Investigation Of Dietary Barriers During Pregnancy In Punjab, Pakistan, Muhammad Asim, Zarak Hussain Ahmed, Amy R. Nichols, Rachel Rickman, Elena Neiterman, Anita Mahmood, Elizabeth M. Widen

Community Health Sciences

Objective: Adequate dietary intake during pregnancy is vital for the health and nutritional status of both mother and fetus. The nutritional status of reproductive age women in Pakistan is poor, with 14 % being underweight (BMI < 18·5) and 42 % experiencing Fe deficiency anaemia. This may stem from beliefs, practices and other barriers influencing dietary intake. This qualitative study seeks to determine which factors impact dietary intake during pregnancy in rural Punjab.
Design: In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted and then analysed using thematic analysis.
Setting: Three purposively selected rural districts (Sahiwal, Okara and Pakpatan) with the highest prevalence of maternal and child malnutrition in the province of Punjab, Pakistan.
Participants: Mothers with children under age two (n 29) and healthcare providers with at least 5 years of experience working in the district (n …

The Correlation Of D-Dimer To Stroke Diagnosis Within 24 Hours: A Meta-Analysis, Adeel Ahmad, Zara Islam, Saad Manzoor Ahmad, Zouina Sarfraz, Azza Sarfraz, Miguel Felix, Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Diagnosing D-Dimer early is essential to optimize clinical treatment and quality of life and reduce mortality. This study aims to identify the difference of D-Dimer levels (ng/ml) in patients with stroke within the 6- and 24-h period compared to patients that mimic stroke.
Methods: An electronic database search across PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Scopus was conducted until December 10, 2021. Studies were eligible if they included adult patients with stroke compared to stroke mimics or controls reporting D-Dimer values. Quality assessment was conducted using GRADE. The standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were calculated …

Optimizing Prevention And Community-Based Management Of Severe Malnutrition In Children, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Zulfiqar A. Bhutta discusses prevention and treatment strategies for optimization of community-based management of severe acute malnutrition in children

The Unspoken Grief Of Multiple Stillbirths In Rural Pakistan: An Interpretative Phenomenological Study, Muhammad Asim, Sehrish Karim, Hajra Khwaja, Waqas Hameed, Sarah Saleem

Community Health Sciences

Background: Pakistan has the highest rate of stillbirth (30.6 stillbirths per 1000 total births) as compared to other South Asian countries. The psychological impact of stillbirths on bereaved women is well documented; however, there is a dearth of literature on lived experiences of women with multiple stillbirths in Pakistan.
Objective: The purpose of this research is to understand the lived experiences of women who had multiple stillbirths in Thatta, Pakistan.
Methods: An interpretative phenomenological study was conducted in district Thatta with eight women who experienced more than one stillbirth. A semi-structured in-depth interview guide was used for data collection. The …

Knowledge, Attitude And Practices Of Pregnant Women Related To Covid-19 Infection: A Cross-Sectional Survey In Seven Countries From The Global Network For Women's And Children's Health, Farnaz Naqvi, Seemab Naqvi, Sk Masum Billah, Sarah Saleem, Elizabeth Fogleman, Nalini Peres Da-Silva, Lester Figueroa, Manolo Mazariegos, Ana L. Garces, Sana Yousaf

Community Health Sciences

Objective: We sought to understand knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding COVID-19 in pregnant women in seven low and middle-income countries (LMIC).
Design: Population-based prospective, observational study.
Settings: Study sites in DRC, Kenya, Zambia, Bangladesh, India (two sites), Pakistan and Guatemala.
Population and sample: Pregnant women in the Global Network's Maternal and Neonatal Health Registry (MNHR).
Methods: A KAP questionnaire was administered in face-to-face interviews with pregnant women from September 2020 through October 2021 in the MNHR.
Main outcome measures: KAP regarding COVID-19 during pregnancy.
Results: In all, 25 260 women completed the survey. Overall, 56.8% of women named ≥3 …

Understanding The Context Of Healthcare Utilisation For Children Under-Five With Diarrhoea In The Drc: Based On Andersen Behavioural Model, Siyu Zou, Xinran Qi, Keiko Marshall, Maria Asif Bhura, Rie Takesue, Kun Tang

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Diarrhoea is one of the leading causes of death among children under 5 years old in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Despite positive effects on prognosis, there is limited literature about the healthcare-seeking behaviours of children with diarrhoea, especially in the DRC. This study used the Andersen Behavioural Model, a theoretical framework, which was commonly adopted to study healthcare utilisation, to investigate and predict factors associated with the use of healthcare to treat diarrhoea in the DRC.
Methods: Data collected from 2626 under-five children with diarrhoea in the last 2 weeks from the Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey …

Effects Of Nonpharmacological Interventions On Disruptive Vocalisation In Nursing Home Patients With Dementia-A Systematic Review, Saad Bilal Ahmed, Alfredo Obieta, Tamsin Santos, Saara Ahmad Muddasir, Joseph Elliot Ibrahim

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Background: Vocally disruptive behaviour is a common and difficult to treat condition in older residents with dementia. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy of nonpharmacological interventions in its management in persons with dementia residing in a nursing home.
Methodology: A systematic search was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases and reference lists from relevant publications on various nonpharmacological approaches to manage vocally disruptive behaviour in nursing home residents. The method of appraisal was through the National Institutes of Health scoring for the Quality Assessment of controlled intervention studies. Inclusion criteria included residents of …

Compounding Inequalities: Adolescent Psychosocial Wellbeing And Resilience Among Refugee And Host Communities In Jordan During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Nicola Jones, Sarah Baird, Bassam Abu Hamad, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Erin Oakley, Manisha Shah, Jude Sajdi, Kathryn M. Yount

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated risk-mitigation strategies have altered the social contexts in which adolescents in low- and middle-income countries live. Little is known, however, about the impacts of the pandemic on displaced populations, and how those impacts differ by gender and life stage. We investigate the extent to which the pandemic has compounded pre-existing social inequalities among adolescents in Jordan, and the role support structures play in promoting resilience.
Methods: Our analysis leverages longitudinal quantitative survey data and in-depth qualitative interviews, collected before and after the onset of COVID-19, with over 3,000 Syrian refugees, stateless Palestinians and vulnerable …

Nutritional Status And Dietary Intake Of School-Age Children And Early Adolescents: Systematic Review In A Developing Country And Lessons For The Global Perspective, Durray Shahwar Abid Khan, Jai K. Das, Shagufta Zareen, Zohra S. Lassi, Afsah Salman, Muhammad Raashid, Aftab A. Dero, Aijaz Khanzada, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: The prevalence of double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is high in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Data on malnutrition trends is present for children age, however the data for school-going children and adolescents aged 5-15 years is scarce.
Objective: This systematic review presents the pooled prevalence of nutritional status and dietary intake among school-going children and adolescents (5-15 years of age) in an LMIC of Pakistan and the perspective for broader global nutrition in this age group.
Methods: An electronic search of databases was run on Pubmed and Medline (via Ovid) along with gray literature and archives of local …

Contact Dermatitis Due To Personal Protective Equipment Use And Hygiene Practices During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review Of Case Reports, Zouina Sarfraz, Azza Sarfraz, Muzna Sarfraz, Miguel Felix, Jonathan A. Bernstein, Luz Fonacier, Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Prolonged use of personal protective equipment (PPE) may lead to contact dermatitis during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. This paper aims to identify the causative factors of contact dermatitis from PPE and hygiene practices.
Methods: The search was conducted adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A Delphi process was employed to ensure that the aims of this study were met. PubMed and Web of Science databases were systematically searched through September 12, 2021, using search terms: Contact dermatitis, case report, covid-19. The findings were tabulated as author/year, gender, age, presentation, cause, dermatological diagnosis, testing modality, provided treatment, symptom resolution …

Quality Of Care Assessment For Small And Sick Newborns And Young Infants In Pakistan: Findings From A Cross-Sectional Study, Nousheen Pradhan, Sumera Aziz Ali, Sana Roujani, Ammarah Ali, Syed Shujaat Hussain, Samia Rizwan, Shabina Ariff, Sarah Saleem, Sameen Siddiqi

Community Health Sciences

Introduction: Pakistan is facing a challenging situation in terms of high newborn mortality rate. Securing pregnancy and delivery care may not bring a substantial reduction in neonatal mortality, unless coupled with the provision of quality inpatient care for small and sick newborns and young infants (NYIs). We undertook this study to assess the availability and quality of newborn care services provided and the readiness of inpatient care for NYIs in Pakistan.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study across Pakistan from February to June 2019, using a purposive sample of 61% (23) of the 38 sick newborn care units at public …

Perceived Risk And Distress Related To Covid-19 In Healthcare Versus Non-Healthcare Workers Of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study, Adeel Abid, Hania Shahzad, Hyder Ali Khan, Suneel Piryani, Areeba Raza Khan, Fauziah Rabbani

Medical College Documents

Background:
Healthcare workers (HCWs) have found themselves and their families more susceptible to contracting COVID-19. This puts them at a higher risk of psychological distress, which may compromise patient care. In this study, we aim to explore the risk perceptions and psychological distress between HCWs and non-healthcare workers (NHCWs) in Pakistan.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online self-administered questionnaire. Psychological distress was assessed through The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Comparisons were made between HCWs (front/backend, students/graduates) and NHCWs related to risk perceptions and stress levels related to COVID19. Following tests for normality (Shapiro–Wilk test), variables …

Risk Factors For Acute Respiratory Infections In Children Between 0 And 23 Months Of Age In A Peri-Urban District In Pakistan: A Matched Case–Control Study, Fatima Mir, Shabina Ariff, Maria Asif Bhura, Suhail Chanar, Aspara Ali, Muhammad Jawwad, A Hussain, Arjumand Rizvi, Muhammad Umer, Zahid Memon, Atif Habib, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) accounts for nearly 15% of all childhood mortality in South Asia, with children from rural areas at higher risk due to inaccessibility to healthcare facilities. We therefore aimed to identify risk factors associated with ARI in children under 2 years of age in rural Pakistan.
Methods: A retrospective 1:2 matched case-control study was conducted between October and December 2018 in Taluka Kotri, Jamshoro District of Pakistan. Cases were identified as children between 0 and 23 months of age with a history of fever, cough, sore throat, fast breathing, difficulty breathing, or chest indrawing in the …

Exploring Digital Health Interventions For Pregnant Women At High Risk For Pre-Eclampsia And Eclampsia In Low-Income And-Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review, Anam Shahil Feroz, Noreen Afzal, Emily Seto

Community Health Sciences

Objective: To explore digital health interventions that have been used to support pregnant women at high risk for pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (HRPE/E) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Design: Scoping review.
Data source: EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and CINAHL were searched between 1 January 2000 and 20 October 2020.
Eligibility criteria: The review included original research studies that were published in English, involved pregnant women at HRPE/E and implemented digital health interventions for PE/E in LMICs.
Data extraction and synthesis: Two reviewers independently completed the data extraction for each of the 19 final …

Understanding Perceptions And Practices For Designing An Appropriate Community-Based Kangaroo Mother Care Implementation Package: Qualitative Exploratory Study, Shabina Ariff, Ikram Maznani, Maria Asif Bhura, Zahid Memon, Tayyaba Arshad, Tariq Ahmed Samejo, Shujaat Zaidi, Muhammad Umer, Imran Ahmed, Muhammad Atif Habib, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a common outcome of preterm birth, which increases the risk of an infant's morbidity and mortality. Approximately 20 million infants are born with LBW globally per year. Since a significant number of births in Pakistan take place at home, it is important to focus on the use of kangaroo mother care (KMC), the practice of skin-to-skin contact, in communities to prevent neonatal mortality and morbidity.
Objective: We employed a formative research approach to understand the context of communities and facilities with regard to neonatal care and KMC practice. The broader aims were to inform …