Community Health Commons^™

Exploring The Extent Of The Hikikomori Phenomenon On Twitter: Mixed Methods Study Of Western Language Tweets, Pereira-Sanchez, Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon, Angel Asunsolo Del Barco, Melchor Alvarez-Mon, Alan R. Teo

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Hikikomori is a severe form of social withdrawal, originally described in Japan but recently reported in other countries. Debate exists as to what extent hikikomori is viewed as a problem outside of the Japanese context. Objective: We aimed to explore perceptions about hikikomori outside Japan by analyzing Western language content from the popular social media platform, Twitter. Methods: We conducted a mixed methods analysis of all publicly available tweets using the hashtag #hikikomori between February 1 and August 16, 2018, in 5 Western languages (Catalan, English, French, Italian, and Spanish). Tweets were first classified as to whether they described …

Impacts Of An Opioid Overdose Prevention Intervention Delivered Subsequent To Acute Care, Caleb J. Banta-Green, Phillip O. Coffin, Joseph O. Merrill, Jeanne M. Sears, Chris Dunn, Norbert D. Yanez, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background Opioid overdose is a major and increasing cause of injury and death. There is an urgent need for interventions to reduce overdose events among high-risk persons.

Methods Adults at elevated risk for opioid overdose involving heroin or pharmaceutical opioids who had been cared for in an emergency department (ED) were randomised to overdose education combined with a brief behavioural intervention and take-home naloxone or usual care. Outcomes included: (1) time to first opioid overdose-related event resulting in medical attention or death using competing risks survival analysis; and (2) ED visit and hospitalisation rates, using negative binomial regression and adjusting …

Relative Wealth, Subjective Social Status, And Their Associations With Depression: Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Study In Rural Uganda, Meghan L. Smith, Bernard Kakuhikire, C. Baguma, Justin D. Rasmussen, David Bangsberg, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide, and has been found to be a consistent correlate of socioeconomic status (SES). The relative deprivation hypothesis proposes that one mechanism linking SES to health involves social comparisons, suggesting that relative SES rather than absolute SES is of primary importance in determining health status. Using data from a whole-population sample of 1,620 participants residing in rural southwestern Uganda, we estimated the independent associations between objective and subjective relative wealth and probable depression, as measured by the depression subscale of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCLD). Objective relative wealth was measured by an asset …

Portrayals Of Mental Illness, Treatment, And Relapse And Their Effects On The Stigma Of Mental Illness: Population-Based, Randomized Survey Experiment In Rural Uganda, Justin D. Rasmussen, Bernard Kakuhikire, C. Baguma, Scholastic Ashaba, Christine E. Cooper-Vince, Jessica M. Perkins, David Bangsberg, Alexander C. Tsai

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background

Mental illness stigma is a fundamental barrier to improving mental health worldwide, but little is known about how to durably reduce it. Understanding of mental illness as a treatable medical condition may influence stigmatizing beliefs, but available evidence to inform this hypothesis has been derived solely from high-income countries. We embedded a randomized survey experiment within a whole-population cohort study in rural southwestern Uganda to assess the extent to which portrayals of mental illness treatment effectiveness influence personal beliefs and perceived norms about mental illness and about persons with mental illness.

Methods and findings

Study participants were randomly assigned …

Barriers And Facilitators To Recruitment And Enrollment Of Hiv-Infected Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder In A Clinical Trial, Kim Hoffman, Robin Baker, Lynn Elizabeth Kunkel, Elizabeth Needham Waddell, Paula J. Lum, Dennis Mccarty, P. Todd Korthuis

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background

The CTN-0067 CHOICES trial tests implementation of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) versus treatment-as-usual (TAU) for opioid use disorders (OUD) in HIV clinics to improve HIV viral suppression. The study team investigated recruitment strategies to elucidate the barriers and facilitators to recruitment and enrollment in the study.

Main text

Methods: Semi-structured, in-depth, digitally recorded interviews were completed with study recruitment-related staff and medical providers (n = 26) from six participating HIV clinics in the fall of 2018. Interviews probed 1) factors that might prevent prospective participants from engaging in study recruitment and enrollment procedures and 2) strategies used by study …

Increasing Low-Income Residents’ Access To Fresh Produce Through A Local Mobile Pantry, Laura E. Wasson, L. Lanier Nalley, Mechelle Bailey, Laura Hill

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Seeds that Feed (STF) is a mobile food pantry located in Fayetteville, Arkansas. STF receives produce from local farmers to distribute to residents in low-income housing sites throughout Northwest Arkansas. According to Feeding America, food insecurity affected 14.3% Washington County, Arkansas’ population in 2016. The purpose of this study was to determine if STF’s model is an effective way to increase individuals’ access to fresh fruits and vegetables and increase their potential to meet the United States Department of Agriculture’s Food Patterns (USDA-FP) for to fruit and vegetable consumption. Twenty-three participants from three sites completed the study. A survey was …

Randomised Study Demonstrates Sustained Benefits Of A Pre-School Intervention Designed To Improve Nutrition And Physical Activity Practices, Diewerke De Zwarte, John Kearney, Clare A. Corish, Corina Glennon, Lorraine Maher, Charlotte Johnston Molloy

Articles

Background: Health-promoting programmes must demonstrate sustained efficacy in order to make a true impact on public health. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Healthy Incentive for Pre-schools project on health-promoting practices in full-day-care pre-schools 18 months after a training intervention.

Methods: Thirty-seven pre-schools completed the initial study and were included in this follow-up study. The intervention consisted of one training session with either the pre-school 'manager-only' or 'manager and staff' using a specifically developed needs-based training resource pack comprised of written educational material and a validated health-promoting practice evaluation tool. Direct observation data of health-promoting practices were …

Social Health And A Healthy Social Life Based On Wisdom And Intellectuality, Alireza Atarodi, Meisam Dastani, Ahmadreza Atarodi

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Introduction:

Human kinds are social animals, and are pleased living together pleasantly and positively in mental and physical forms. Without positive living and to live in challenges and clashes is bad and catastrophic, but what’s the way out? One of the way that seems not so costly, with no war and seems that can direct and put the world in peace or in a good running order will be wisdom and intellectuality transfused by many scientific centers and the wise men, then we intended to survey the social health and a healthy social life based on wisdom and intellectual …

Supporting Nursing Home Staff Through Person-Centered Care Practices, Diana White, Sarah Dys, Jaclyn Winfree, Serena Hasworth, Ozcan Tunalilar

Institute on Aging Publications

Policies and practices have increasingly focused on person-centered care (PCC) to improve quality of life for long-term care residents and staff. Adequate staffing has been a consistent barrier to implementing and sustaining PCC practices. The purpose of this paper is to explore the association between job satisfaction and PCC practices. This research was conducted in a stratified random sample of 33 Oregon nursing homes which were representative in terms of quality, profit/nonprofit ownership, and urban/rural location. Data were collected from 415 staff who completed the staff assessment of person-directed care, direct care worker job satisfaction scale, turnover intention, and organizational …

When A Little Goes A Long Way: Expanding Home Care Services To Adults With Disabilities, Serena Hasworth, Jaclyn Winfree, Ozcan Tunalilar, Diana L. White

Institute on Aging Publications

Policy makers are increasingly interested in reducing public spending while maintaining quality of life. Since 1975, Oregon Project Independence (OPI) has supported community-based adults aged 60 and older to avoid or delay the need for residential long-term care services by increasing access to personal and home care services. The program also aims to prevent the need for Medicaid by optimizing personal resources and natural supports. In 2014, the OPI Expansion (OPI-E) pilot project began to serve adults aged 18-59 with disabilities in seven of Oregon’s seventeen Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs). This poster describes the evaluation of the expansion using …

Elbow Injury Prevention In Youth Dominican Baseball Players: A Training Intervention Pilot Study, Chelsey Erbaugh Franz, Dawn Hall-Bibb, Myra Stockdale, Aliya Thompson, Bailey Biggs

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Background: Research suggests deficits in shoulder and elbow strength and flexibility may explain the role of elbow injuries in overhead athletes, specifically ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury in baseball players. Significant damage to this ligament typically requires operative care for continued activity in the sport. Several studies have demonstrated the success of rehabilitation programs post-surgery; however, few studies have examined the role of UCL injury prevention programs. A recognized upper extremity (UE) injury prevention method is the Thrower’s Ten Program. This program may create elbow stability when pitching and throwing, theoretically reducing the risk of UCL injury. Purpose: The purpose …