Mental and Social Health Commons^™

Etiology And Pathophysiology Of Hypoparathyroidism: A Narrative Review, Janice L Pasieka, Kelly Wentworth, Caitlin T Yeo, Serge Cremers, David Dempster, Seiji Fukumoto, Ravinder Goswami, Pascal Houillier, Michael A Levine, Jesse D Pasternak, Nancy D Perrier, Antonio Sitges-Serra, Dolores M Shoback

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The approach utilized a systematic review of the medical literature executed with specifically designed criteria that focused on the etiologies and pathogenesis of hypoparathyroidism. Enhanced attention by endocrine surgeons to new knowledge about parathyroid gland viability are reviewed along with the role of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (ioPTH) monitoring during and after neck surgery. Nonsurgical etiologies account for a significant proportion of cases of hypoparathyroidism (~25%), and among them, genetic etiologies are key. Given the pervasive nature of PTH deficiency across multiple organ systems, a detailed review of the skeletal, renal, neuromuscular, and ocular complications is provided. The burden of illness …

Technology-Enhanced In Vivo Exposures In Prolonged Exposure For Ptsd: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial, Tanya C Saraiya, Amber M Jarnecke, Alex O Rothbaum, Bethany Wangelin, Lisa M Mcteague, Ron Acierno, Delisa G Brown, Emily Bristol, Hayley Feigl, Mclain Reese, Adam R Cobb, Bill Harley, Robert J Adams, Sudie E Back

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In vivo exposures (IVEs) are a key component of exposure-based treatments, during which patients approach fear-provoking, yet safe, situations in "real life." This pilot study assessed the use of a wearable technology (Bio Ware) during IVEs to enhance Prolonged Exposure (PE) therapy for PTSD. Bio Ware provides a clinician dashboard with real-time physiological and subjective data for clinicians to use for virtually guided IVEs. Participants (N = 40) were randomized to a Guided group that received standard PE and virtual, clinician-guided IVEs with the Bio Ware device, or a Non-Guided group that received standard PE and used the Bio Ware …

Dysregulation Of Complement System In Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Mini Review, Danny Perez Sierra, Ashutosh Tripathi, Anilkumar Pillai

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Complement system is one of the most important defense mechanisms of the innate immune system. In addition to their roles in immune regulation, complement proteins are also involved in neurodevelopment and adult brain plasticity. Complement dysregulation has been shown in neurodevelopmental disorders including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder as well as in mood disorders. A number of clinical as well as genetic studies suggest the role of complement proteins in the cortical thinning and excessive synaptic pruning frequently associated with schizophrenia. The changes in complement proteins are also associated with the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder, major depressive disorder and …

Sex-Related Differences In Violence Exposure, Neural Reactivity To Threat, And Mental Health, Heather E Dark, Nathaniel G Harnett, Danielle R Hurst, Muriah D Wheelock, Kimberly H Wood, Adam M Goodman, Sylvie Mrug, Marc N Elliott, Susan Tortolero Emery, Mark A Schuster, David C Knight

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and amygdala play an important role in emotional health. However, adverse life events (e.g., violence exposure) affect the function of these brain regions, which may lead to disorders such as depression and anxiety. Depression and anxiety disproportionately affect women compared to men, and this disparity may reflect sex differences in the neural processes that underlie emotion expression and regulation. The present study investigated sex differences in the relationship between violence exposure and the neural processes that underlie emotion regulation. In the present study, 200 participants completed a Pavlovian fear conditioning procedure in which cued and …

Reorganization Of The Functional Connectome From Rest To A Visual Perception Task In Schizophrenia And Bipolar Disorder, Philipp Riedel, Junghee Lee, Christopher G Watson, Amy M Jimenez, Eric A Reavis, Michael F Green

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Functional connectome organization is altered in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). However, it remains unclear whether network reorganization during a task relative to rest is also altered in these disorders. This study examined connectome organization in patients with SZ (N = 43) and BD (N = 42) versus healthy controls (HC; N = 39) using fMRI data during a visual object-perception task and at rest. Graph analyses were conducted for the whole-brain network using indices selected a priori: three reflecting network segregation (clustering coefficient, local efficiency, modularity), two reflecting integration (characteristic path length, global efficiency). Group differences were limited …

A Phase Ii, Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Trial Of Pegfilgrastim For Patients With Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis, John A Tayek, Andrew A Stolz, Danh V Nguyen, M Wayne Fleischman, John A Donovan, Joseph M Alcorn, Daniel C-K Chao, Aliya Asghar, Timothy R Morgan, Southern California Alcoholic Hepatitis (Scah) Consortium

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: In trials conducted in India, recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) improved survival in alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH). The aim of this trial was to determine the safety and efficacy of pegfilgrastim, a long-acting recombinant GCSF, in patients with AH in the United States.

METHODS: This prospective, randomized, open label trial conducted between March 2017 and March 2020 randomized patients with a clinical diagnosis of AH and a Maddrey discriminant function score ≥32 to standard of care (SOC) or SOC+pegfilgrastim (0.6 mg subcutaneously) on Day 1 and Day 8 (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02776059). SOC was 28 days of either pentoxifylline or prednisolone, …

Innate Lymphoid Cells In Depression: Current Status And Perspectives, Amit Kumar Madeshiya, Anilkumar Pillai

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The recent discovery of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has provided new insights into our understanding of the pathogenesis of many disease conditions with immune dysregulation. Type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) induce type I immunity and are characterized by the expression of signature cytokine IFN-γ and the master transcription factor T-bet; ILC2s stimulate type II immune responses and are defined by the expression of signature cytokines IL-5 and IL-13, and transcription factors ROR-α and GATA3; ILC3s requires the transcription factor RORγt and produce IL-22 and IL-17. ILCs are largely tissue-resident and are enriched at barrier surfaces of the mammalian body. …

Avpcancerfree: Impact Of A Digital Behavior Change Intervention On Parental Hpv Vaccine –Related Perceptions And Behaviors, Ross Shegog, Lara S Savas, C Mary Healy, Erica L Frost, Sharon P Coan, Efrat K Gabay, Sharice M Preston, Stanley W Spinner, Mathew Wilbur, Elisabeth Becker, Travis Teague, Sally W Vernon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Parent hesitancy contributes to reduced HPV vaccination rates. The HPVcancerfree app (HPVCF) was designed to assist parents in making evidence-based decisions regarding HPV vaccination. This study examined if parents of vaccine-eligible youth (11-12 yrs.) who use HPVCF in addition to usual care demonstrate significantly more positive intentions and attitudes toward HPV vaccination and greater HPV vaccination rates compared to those not using HPVCF. Clinics (n = 51) within a large urban pediatric network were randomly assigned to treatment (HPVCF + usual care) or comparison (usual care only) conditions in a RCT conducted between September 2017 and February 2019. Parents completed …

Hpv Vaccination Training Of Healthcare Providers And Perceived Self-Efficacy In Hpv Vaccine-Hesitancy Counseling, Ikponmwosa Osaghae, Charles Darkoh, Onyema Greg Chido-Amajuoyi, Wenyaw Chan, Paige Padgett Wermuth, Mala Pande, Sonia A Cunningham, Sanjay Shete

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

HPV vaccine hesitancy is a key barrier to HPV vaccination. Using a population-based survey of HCPs practicing in Texas we determined the association between formal training of HCPs and perceived self-efficacy in counseling HPV vaccine-hesitant parents and adult patients. A total of 1283 HCPs completed the survey, with 879 providing vaccination services to pediatric patients and 1018 providing vaccination services to adult patients. Among HCPs included in this study, 405 of 577 (70%) and 315 of 505 (62%) perceived they were very/completely confident in counseling HPV vaccine-hesitant parents and adult patients, respectively. Compared to HCPs who received no training, those …

Validation Of Prediction Rules For Computed Tomography Use In Children With Blunt Abdominal Or Blunt Head Trauma: Protocol For A Prospective Multicenter Observational Cohort Study, Irma T Ugalde, Pradip P Chaudhari, Mohamed Badawy, Paul Ishimine, Kevan A Mccarten-Gibbs, Kenneth Yen, Nisa S Atigapramoj, Allyson Sage, Donovan Nielsen, P David Adelson, Jeffrey Upperman, Daniel Tancredi, Nathan Kuppermann, James F Holmes

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and intra-abdominal injuries (IAIs) are 2 leading causes of traumatic death and disability in children. To avoid missed or delayed diagnoses leading to increased morbidity, computed tomography (CT) is used liberally. However, the overuse of CT leads to inefficient care and radiation-induced malignancies. Therefore, to maximize precision and minimize the overuse of CT, the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) previously derived clinical prediction rules for identifying children at high risk and very low risk for IAIs undergoing acute intervention and clinically important TBIs after blunt trauma in large cohorts of children who are …

Genome-Transcriptome-Functional Connectivity-Cognition Link Differentiates Schizophrenia From Bipolar Disorder, Jiayu Chen, Zening Fu, Juan R Bustillo, Nora I Perrone-Bizzozero, Dongdong Lin, Jose Canive, Godfrey D Pearlson, Julia M Stephen, Andrew R Mayer, Steven G Potkin, Theo G M Van Erp, Peter Kochunov, L Elliot Hong, Bhim M Adhikari, Ole A Andreassen, Ingrid Agartz, Lars T Westlye, Jing Sui, Yuhui Du, Fabio Macciardi, Faith M Hanlon, Rex E Jung, Jessica A Turner, Jingyu Liu, Vince D Calhoun

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) share genetic risk factors, yet patients display differential levels of cognitive impairment. We hypothesized a genome-transcriptome-functional connectivity (frontoparietal)-cognition pathway linked to SZ-versus-BD differences, and conducted a multiscale study to delineate this pathway.

STUDY DESIGNS: Large genome-wide studies provided single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) conferring more risk for SZ than BD, and we identified their regulated genes, namely SZ-biased SNPs and genes. We then (a) computed the polygenic risk score for SZ (PRSSZ) of SZ-biased SNPs and examined its associations with imaging-based frontoparietal functional connectivity (FC) and cognitive performances; (b) examined the spatial …

Cerebral Blood Flow And Cardiovascular Risk Effects On Resting Brain Regional Homogeneity, Bhim M Adhikari, L Elliot Hong, Zhiwei Zhao, Danny J J Wang, Paul M Thompson, Neda Jahanshad, Alyssa H Zhu, Stefan Holiga, Jessica A Turner, Theo G M Van Erp, Vince D Calhoun, Kathryn S Hatch, Heather Bruce, Stephanie M Hare, Joshua Chiappelli, Eric L Goldwaser, Mark D Kvarta, Yizhou Ma, Xiaoming Du, Thomas E Nichols, Alan R Shuldiner, Braxton D Mitchell, Juergen Dukart, Shuo Chen, Peter Kochunov

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Regional homogeneity (ReHo) is a measure of local functional brain connectivity that has been reported to be altered in a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders. Computed from brain resting-state functional MRI time series, ReHo is also sensitive to fluctuations in cerebral blood flow (CBF) that in turn may be influenced by cerebrovascular health. We accessed cerebrovascular health with Framingham cardiovascular risk score (FCVRS). We hypothesize that ReHo signal may be influenced by regional CBF; and that these associations can be summarized as FCVRS→CBF→ReHo. We used three independent samples to test this hypothesis. A test-retest sample of N = 30 healthy …

A Comprehensive Review On Nutraceuticals: Therapy Support And Formulation Challenges, Vivek Puri, Manju Nagpal, Inderbir Singh, Manjinder Singh, Gitika Arora Dhingra, Kampanart Huanbutta, Divya Dheer, Ameya Sharma, Tanikan Sangnim

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Nutraceuticals are the nourishing components (hybrid of nutrition and pharmaceuticals) that are biologically active and possess capability for maintaining optimal health and benefits. These products play a significant role in human health care and its endurance, most importantly for the future therapeutic development. Nutraceuticals have received recognition due to their nutritional benefits along with therapeutic effects and safety profile. Nutraceuticals are globally growing in the field of services such as health care promotion, disease reduction, etc. Various drug nutraceutical interactions have also been elaborated with various examples in this review. Several patents on nutraceuticals in agricultural applications and in various …

Is Antibiotic Prophylaxis Necessary After Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Of Pancreatic Cysts?, Seifeldin Hakim, Mihajlo Gjeorgjievski, Zubair Khan, Michael E Cannon, Kevin Yu, Prithvi Patil, Roy Tomas Davee, Sushovan Guha, Ricardo Badillo, Laith Jamil, Nirav Thosani, Srinivas Ramireddy

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Current society guidelines recommend antibiotic prophylaxis for 3 to 5 days after endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs). The overall quality of the evidence supporting this recommendation is low. In this study, we aimed to assess cyst infection and adverse event rates after EUS-FNA of PCLs among patients treated with or without postprocedural prophylactic antibiotics.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent EUS-FNA of PCLs between 2015 and 2019 at two large-volume academic medical centers with different practice patterns of postprocedural antibiotic prophylaxis. Data on patient demographics, cyst characteristics, fine-needle aspiration technique, periprocedural and …

Brain-Wide Versus Genome-Wide Vulnerability Biomarkers For Severe Mental Illnesses, Peter Kochunov, Yizhou Ma, Kathryn S Hatch, Si Gao, Neda Jahanshad, Paul M Thompson, Bhim M Adhikari, Heather Bruce, Andrew Van Der Vaart, Eric L Goldwaser, Aris Sotiras, Mark D Kvarta, Tianzhou Ma, Shuo Chen, Thomas E Nichols, L Elliot Hong

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Severe mental illnesses (SMI), including major depressive (MDD), bipolar (BD), and schizophrenia spectrum (SSD) disorders have multifactorial risk factors and capturing their complex etiopathophysiology in an individual remains challenging. Regional vulnerability index (RVI) was used to measure individual's brain‐wide similarity to the expected SMI patterns derived from meta‐analytical studies. It is analogous to polygenic risk scores (PRS) that measure individual's similarity to genome‐wide patterns in SMI. We hypothesized that RVI is an intermediary phenotype between genome and symptoms and is sensitive to both genetic and environmental risks for SMI. UK Biobank sample of N = 17,053/19,265 M/F (age = 64.8 …

Does Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Increase The Risk Of Minor Blunt Head Trauma In Children?, Murat Pakyurek, Mohamed Badawy, Irma T Ugalde, Paul Ishimine, Pradip P Chaudhari, Kevan Mccarten-Gibbs, Ozra Nobari, Nathan Kuppermann, James F Holmes

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PROBLEM: It is unclear if attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increases the risk of head trauma in children.

METHODS: We conducted a multicenter prospective observational study of children with minor blunt head trauma. Guardians were queried, and medical records were reviewed as to whether the patient had previously been diagnosed with ADHD. Enrolled patients were categorized based on their mechanism of injury, with a comparison of those with motor vehicle collision (MVC) versus non-MVC mechanisms.

FINDINGS: A total of 3410 (84%) enrolled children had ADHD status available, and 274 (8.0%; 95% confidence interval, CI: 7.1, 9.0%) had been diagnosed with ADHD. …

An Evaluation Of Peer-Rated Surgical Skill And Its Relationship With Detrusor Muscle Sampling In Transurethral Resection Of Bladder Tumor, Minh N Pham, Oliver S Ko, Reiping Huang, Amanda X Vo, Kyle P Tsai, Jeremy D Lai, Matthew T Hudnall, Joshua A Halpern, Joshua J Meeks, Jonas Benson, Ricardo Soares, Ronald Kim, Karl Y Bilimoria, Jonah J Stulberg, Gregory B Auffenberg

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability of peer-review of TURBT videos as a means to evaluate surgeon skill and its relationship to detrusor sampling.

METHODS: Urologists from an academic health system submitted TURBT videos in 2019. Ten blinded peers evaluated each surgeon's performance using a 10-item scoring instrument to quantify surgeon skill. Normalized composite skill scores for each surgeon were calculated using peer ratings. For surgeons submitting videos, we retrospectively reviewed all TURBT pathology results (2018-2019) to assess surgeon-specific detrusor sampling. A hierarchical logistic regression model was fit to evaluate the association between skill and detrusor sampling, adjusting for patient and …

Same Day Discharge Following Elective, Minimally Invasive, Colorectal Surgery : A Review Of Enhanced Recovery Protocols And Early Outcomes By The Sages Colorectal Surgical Committee With Recommendations Regarding Patient Selection, Remote Monitoring, And Successful Implementation, Elisabeth C Mclemore, Lawrence Lee, Traci L Hedrick, Laila Rashidi, Erik P Askenasy, Daniel Popowich, Patricia Sylla

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: As enhanced recovery programs (ERPs) have continued to evolve, the length of hospitalization (LOS) following elective minimally invasive colorectal surgery has continued to decline. Further refinements in multimodal perioperative pain management strategies have resulted in reduced opioid consumption. The interest in ambulatory colectomy has dramatically accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Severe restrictions in hospital capacity and fear of COVID transmission forced surgical teams to rethink strategies to further reduce length of inpatient stay.

METHODS: Members of the SAGES Colorectal Surgery Committee began reviewing the emergence of SDD protocols and early publications for SDD in 2019. The authors met at …

The Association Of Human Leukocyte Antigen Genotyping Among Sudanese Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Reference To Ethnicity, Deborah R Young, Benjamin D Hong, Kristina H Lewis, Silvia R Paz, Bhumi B Bhakta, Mayra Macias, Cecelia L Crawford, Adam Drewnowski, Ming Ji, Darren D Moore, Ernest Shen, Sameer B Murali, Karen J Coleman

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the association of weight loss following bariatric surgery with self-reported sleep quality after accounting for other sleep-related factors.

METHODS: Participants were from the Bariatric Experience Long Term (BELONG) study. Participants completed a survey up to 6 months before surgery and approximately 1 year after surgery. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure sleep quality. One-year percentage total weight loss (%TWL) was determined from electronic medical records. Covariates included demographics, Charlson Comorbidity Index, geocoded variables to assess neighborhood quality, and physical activity. The authors assessed the association between %TWL at 1 year and PSQI …

Rare Genetic Variants Explain Missing Heritability In Smoking, Seon-Kyeong Jang, Luke Evans, Allison Fialkowski, Donna K Arnett, Allison E Ashley-Koch, Kathleen C Barnes, Diane M Becker, Joshua C Bis, John Blangero, Eugene R Bleecker, Meher Preethi Boorgula, Donald W Bowden, Jennifer A Brody, Brian E Cade, Brenda W Campbell Jenkins, April P Carson, Sameer Chavan, L Adrienne Cupples, Brian Custer, Scott M Damrauer, Sean P David, Mariza De Andrade, Carla L Dinardo, Tasha E Fingerlin, Myriam Fornage, Barry I Freedman, Melanie E Garrett, Sina A Gharib, David C Glahn, Jeffrey Haessler, Susan R Heckbert, John E Hokanson, Lifang Hou, Shih-Jen Hwang, Matthew C Hyman, Renae Judy, Anne E Justice, Robert C Kaplan, Sharon L R Kardia, Shannon Kelly, Wonji Kim, Charles Kooperberg, Daniel Levy, Donald M Lloyd-Jones, Ruth J F Loos, Ani W Manichaikul, Mark T Gladwin, Lisa Warsinger Martin, Mehdi Nouraie, Olle Melander, Deborah A Meyers, Courtney G Montgomery, Kari E North, Elizabeth C Oelsner, Nicholette D Palmer, Marinelle Payton, Anna L Peljto, Patricia A Peyser, Michael Preuss, Bruce M Psaty, Dandi Qiao, Daniel J Rader, Nicholas Rafaels, Susan Redline, Robert M Reed, Alexander P Reiner, Stephen S Rich, Jerome I Rotter, David A Schwartz, Aladdin H Shadyab, Edwin K Silverman, Nicholas L Smith, J Gustav Smith, Albert V Smith, Jennifer A Smith, Weihong Tang, Kent D Taylor, Marilyn J Telen, Ramachandran S Vasan, Victor R Gordeuk, Zhe Wang, Kerri L Wiggins, Lisa R Yanek, Ivana V Yang, Kendra A Young, Kristin L Young, Yingze Zhang, Dajiang J Liu, Matthew C Keller, Scott Vrieze

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Common genetic variants explain less variation in complex phenotypes than inferred from family-based studies, and there is a debate on the source of this 'missing heritability'. We investigated the contribution of rare genetic variants to tobacco use with whole-genome sequences from up to 26,257 unrelated individuals of European ancestries and 11,743 individuals of African ancestries. Across four smoking traits, single-nucleotide-polymorphism-based heritability ([Formula: see text]) was estimated from 0.13 to 0.28 (s.e., 0.10-0.13) in European ancestries, with 35-74% of it attributable to rare variants with minor allele frequencies between 0.01% and 1%. These heritability estimates are 1.5-4 times higher than past …

Outcomes Of Gynecologic Cancer Surgery During The Covid-19 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Prospective Covidsurg-Gynecologic Oncology Cancer Study, Christina Fotopoulou, Tabassum Khan, Juraj Bracinik, James Glasbey, Nadeem Abu-Rustum, Luis Chiva, Anna Fagotti, Keiichi Fujiwara, Rahel Ghebre, Murat Gutelkin, Thomas O Konney, Joseph Ng, Rene Pareja, Rajkumar Kottayasamy Seenivasagam, Jalid Sehouli, Shylasree T S Surappa, Aneel Bhangu, Elaine Leung, Sudha Sundar

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The CovidSurg-Cancer Consortium aimed to explore the impact of COVID-19 in surgical patients and services for solid cancers at the start of the pandemic. The CovidSurg-Gynecologic Oncology Cancer subgroup was particularly concerned about the magnitude of adverse outcomes caused by the disrupted surgical gynecologic cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic, which are currently unclear.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the changes in care and short-term outcomes of surgical patients with gynecologic cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that the COVID-19 pandemic had led to a delay in surgical cancer care, especially in patients who required more extensive …

“Racing-Stripe” Modification Of Radial Forearm Free Flap: Technique And Experience (704 Consecutive Cases), Emmanuel G Melissinos, Erik S Marques

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The radial forearm fasciocutaneous free flap (RFFF) has proven to be a versatile and reliable tool for the reconstructive microsurgeon when addressing soft-tissue defects. A significant drawback of the traditional RFFF is related to donor site morbidity and wound healing complications, especially when coverage of sizable defects is planned. The authors describe the "racing-stripe" modification of the RFFF (RS-RFFF) that involves harvesting a large segment of the deep forearm fascia with a narrow strip of skin overlying the radial vessels, thus allowing primary closure of the donor site.

METHODS: Retrospective chart review was conducted of a single surgeon's (E.G.M.) experience …

Comparison Of Pulmonary Function Changes Between Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy And Chemoradiotherapy Prior To Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy: A Randomized And Controlled Trial, Xiaosang Chen, Mingjun Du, Han Tang, Hao Wang, Yong Fang, Miao Lin, Jun Yin, Lijie Tan, Yaxing Shen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: Adequate pulmonary function is important for patients undergoing surgical resection of esophageal cancer, especially those that received neoadjuvant therapy. However, it is unknown if pre-operative radiation affects pulmonary function differently compared to chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to compare changes in pulmonary function between patients undergoing minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.

METHODS: Between March 2017 and March 2018, esophageal cancer patients requiring neoadjuvant therapy were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to receive chemotherapy (CT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) before MIE. All patients received pulmonary function testing before and after the neoadjuvant therapy. Changes …

Brain Structure In Acutely Underweight And Partially Weight-Restored Individuals With Anorexia Nervosa: A Coordinated Analysis By The Enigma Eating Disorders Working Group, Esther Walton, Fabio Bernardoni, Victoria-Luise Batury, Klaas Bahnsen, Sara Larivière, Giovanni Abbate-Daga, Susana Andres-Perpiña, Lasse Bang, Amanda Bischoff-Grethe, Samantha J Brooks, Iain C Campbell, Giammarco Cascino, Josefina Castro-Fornieles, Enrico Collantoni, Federico D'Agata, Brigitte Dahmen, Unna N Danner, Angela Favaro, Jamie D Feusner, Guido K W Frank, Hans-Christoph Friederich, John L Graner, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Andreas Hess, Stefanie Horndasch, Allan S Kaplan, Lisa-Katrin Kaufmann, Walter H Kaye, Sahib S Khalsa, Kevin S Labar, Luca Lavagnino, Luisa Lazaro, Renzo Manara, Amy E Miles, Gabriella F Milos, Alessio Maria Monteleone, Palmiero Monteleone, Benson Mwangi, Owen O'Daly, Jose Pariente, Julie Roesch, Ulrike H Schmidt, Jochen Seitz, Megan E Shott, Joe J Simon, Paul A M Smeets, Christian K Tamnes, Elena Tenconi, Sophia I Thomopoulos, Annemarie A Van Elburg, Aristotle N Voineskos, Georg G Von Polier, Christina E Wierenga, Nancy L Zucker, Neda Jahanshad, Joseph A King, Paul M Thompson, Laura A Berner, Stefan Ehrlich

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: The pattern of structural brain abnormalities in anorexia nervosa (AN) is still not well understood. While several studies report substantial deficits in gray matter volume and cortical thickness in acutely underweight patients, others find no differences, or even increases in patients compared with healthy control subjects. Recent weight regain before scanning may explain some of this heterogeneity. To clarify the extent, magnitude, and dependencies of gray matter changes in AN, we conducted a prospective, coordinated meta-analysis of multicenter neuroimaging data.

Methods: We analyzed T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging scans assessed with standardized methods from 685 female patients with AN …

Prevalent Multimorbidity Combinations Among Middle-Aged And Older Adults Seen In Community Health Centers, Ana R Quiñones, Steele H Valenzuela, Nathalie Huguet, Maria Ukhanova, Miguel Marino, Jennifer A Lucas, Jean O'Malley, Teresa D Schmidt, Robert Voss, Katherine Peak, Nathaniel T Warren, John Heintzman

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Multimorbidity (≥ 2 chronic diseases) is associated with greater disability and higher treatment burden, as well as difficulty coordinating self-management tasks for adults with complex multimorbidity patterns. Comparatively little work has focused on assessing multimorbidity patterns among patients seeking care in community health centers (CHCs).

OBJECTIVE: To identify and characterize prevalent multimorbidity patterns in a multi-state network of CHCs over a 5-year period.

DESIGN: A cohort study of the 2014-2019 ADVANCE multi-state CHC clinical data network. We identified the most prevalent multimorbidity combination patterns and assessed the frequency of patterns throughout a 5-year period as well as the demographic …

Tdap-Hpv Vaccination Bundling In The Usa: Trends, Predictors, And Implications For Vaccine Series Completion, Yenan Zhu, Chi-Fang Wu, Anna R Giuliano, Maria E Fernandez, Ana P Ortiz, Cecilia Ganduglia Cazaban, Ruosha Li, Ashish A Deshmukh, Kalyani Sonawane

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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) promotes taking a 'bundling approach' (i.e., administering Tetanus, diphtheria toxoids, and acellular pertussis [Tdap] and human papillomavirus [HPV] vaccines in the same way and on the same day) for adolescent vaccinations. Recent trends and patterns in Tdap-HPV vaccination bundling in the USA remain undocumented. In addition, the implications of bundling Tdap-HPV vaccination for HPV vaccine series completion remain unknown. to address these critical knowledge gaps, we performed a retrospective study using a nationwide sample of privately insured adolescents (Optum's de-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database). Tdap-HPV vaccination bundling (per 100 Tdap vaccination encounters) …

Structural Brain Alterations Associated With Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors In Young People: Results From 21 International Studies From The Enigma Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviours Consortium, Laura S Van Velzen, Maria R Dauvermann, Lejla Colic, Luca M Villa, Hannah S Savage, Yara J Toenders, Alyssa H Zhu, Joanna K Bright, Adrián I Campos, Lauren E Salminen, Sonia Ambrogi, Rosa Ayesa-Arriola, Nerisa Banaj, Zeynep Başgöze, Jochen Bauer, Karina Blair, Robert James Blair, Katharina Brosch, Yuqi Cheng, Romain Colle, Colm G Connolly, Emmanuelle Corruble, Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Kathryn R Cullen, Udo Dannlowski, Christopher G Davey, Katharina Dohm, Janice M Fullerton, Ali Saffet Gonul, Ian H Gotlib, Dominik Grotegerd, Tim Hahn, Ben J Harrison, Mengxin He, Ian B Hickie, Tiffany C Ho, Frank Iorfino, Andreas Jansen, Fabrice Jollant, Tilo Kircher, Bonnie Klimes-Dougan, Melissa Klug, Elisabeth J Leehr, Elizabeth T C Lippard, Katie A Mclaughlin, Susanne Meinert, Adam Bryant Miller, Philip B Mitchell, Benson Mwangi, Igor Nenadić, Amar Ojha, Bronwyn J Overs, Julia-Katharina Pfarr, Fabrizio Piras, Kai G Ringwald, Gloria Roberts, Georg Romer, Marsal Sanches, Margaret A Sheridan, Jair C Soares, Gianfranco Spalletta, Frederike Stein, Giana I Teresi, Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Aslihan Uyar-Demir, Nic J A Van Der Wee, Steven J Van Der Werff, Robert R J M Vermeiren, Alexandra Winter, Mon-Ju Wu, Tony T Yang, Paul M Thompson, Miguel E Rentería, Neda Jahanshad, Hilary P Blumberg, Anne-Laura Van Harmelen, Enigma Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviours Consortium, Lianne Schmaal

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Identifying brain alterations associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) in young people is critical to understanding their development and improving early intervention and prevention. The ENIGMA Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviours (ENIGMA-STB) consortium analyzed neuroimaging data harmonized across sites to examine brain morphology associated with STBs in youth. We performed analyses in three separate stages, in samples ranging from most to least homogeneous in terms of suicide assessment instrument and mental disorder. First, in a sample of 577 young people with mood disorders, in which STBs were assessed with the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). Second, in a sample …

The Impact Of Covid-19 On Opioid-Related Overdose Deaths In Texas, Karima Lalani, Christine Bakos-Block, Marylou Cardenas-Turanzas, Sarah Cohen, Bhanumathi Gopal, Tiffany Champagne-Langabeer

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Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States was facing an epidemic of opioid overdose deaths, clouding accurate inferences about the impact of the pandemic at the population level. We sought to determine the existence of increases in the trends of opioid-related overdose (ORO) deaths in the Greater Houston metropolitan area from January 2015 through December 2021, and to describe the social vulnerability present in the geographic location of these deaths. We merged records from the county medical examiner's office with social vulnerability indexes (SVIs) for the region and present geospatial locations of the aggregated ORO deaths. Time series analyses …

Hdac6 Inhibition Reverses Cisplatin-Induced Mechanical Hypersensitivity Via Tonic Delta Opioid Receptor Signaling, Jixiang Zhang, Jazzmine M Junigan, Ronnie Trinh, Annemieke Kavelaars, Cobi J Heijnen, Peter M Grace

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Peripheral neuropathic pain induced by the chemotherapeutic cisplatin can persist for months to years after treatment. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors have therapeutic potential for cisplatin-induced neuropathic pain since they persistently reverse mechanical hypersensitivity and spontaneous pain in rodent models. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying reversal of mechanical hypersensitivity in male and female mice by a 2 week treatment with an HDAC6 inhibitor, administered 3 d after the last dose of cisplatin. Mechanical hypersensitivity in animals of both sexes treated with the HDAC6 inhibitor was temporarily reinstated by a single injection of the neutral opioid receptor antagonist 6β-naltrexol or …

Cue-Induced Cocaine Craving Enhances Psychosocial Stress And Vice Versa In Chronic Cocaine Users, Ann-Kathrin Kexel, Bruno Kluwe-Schiavon, Markus R Baumgartner, Etna J E Engeli, Monika Visentini, Clemens Kirschbaum, Erich Seifritz, Beate Ditzen, Leila M Soravia, Boris B Quednow

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Stress and craving, it has been found, contribute to the development and maintenance of and relapse in cocaine use disorder. Chronic cocaine users (CU), previous research has shown, display altered physiological responses to psychosocial stress and increased vegetative responding to substance-related cues. However, how psychosocial stress and cue-induced craving interact in relation to the CU's physiological responses remains largely unknown. We thus investigated the interaction between acute psychosocial stress and cocaine-cue-related reactivity in 47 CU and 38 controls. In a crossed and balanced design, the participants were randomly exposed to a video-based cocaine-cue paradigm and the Trier Social Stress Test …