Mental and Social Health Commons^™

Using Predictive Validity To Compare Associations Between Brain Damage And Behavior, John F Magnotti, Jaclyn S Patterson, Tatiana T Schnur

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Lesion-behavior mapping (LBM) provides a statistical map of the association between voxel-wise brain damage and individual differences in behavior. To understand whether two behaviors are mediated by damage to distinct regions, researchers often compare LBM weight outputs by either the Overlap method or the Correlation method. However, these methods lack statistical criteria to determine whether two LBM are distinct versus the same and are disconnected from a major goal of LBMs: predicting behavior from brain damage. Without such criteria, researchers may draw conclusions from numeric differences between LBMs that are irrelevant to predicting behavior. We developed and validated a predictive …

A Bayesian Network Approach To Social And Nonsocial Cognition In Schizophrenia: Are Some Domains More Fundamental Than Others?, Samuel J Abplanalp, Junghee Lee, William P Horan, Robert S Kern, David L Penn, Michael F Green

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVES: Social and nonsocial cognition are defined as distinct yet related constructs. However, the relative independence of individual variables-and whether specific tasks directly depend on performance in other tasks-is still unclear. The current study aimed to answer this question by using a Bayesian network approach to explore directional dependencies among social and nonsocial cognitive domains.

STUDY DESIGN: The study sample comprised 173 participants with schizophrenia (71.7% male; 28.3% female). Participants completed 5 social cognitive tasks and the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery. We estimated Bayesian networks using directed acyclic graph structures to examine directional dependencies among the variables.

STUDY RESULTS: After …

Baseline Features And Reasons For Nonparticipation In The Colonoscopy Versus Fecal Immunochemical Test In Reducing Mortality From Colorectal Cancer (Confirm) Study, A Colorectal Cancer Screening Trial, Douglas J Robertson, Jason A Dominitz, Alexander Beed, Kathy D Boardman, Barbara J Del Curto, Peter D Guarino, Thomas F Imperiale, Andrew Lacasse, Meaghan F Larson, Samir Gupta, David Lieberman, Beata Planeta, Aasma Shaukat, Shanaz Sultan, Stacy B Menees, Sameer D Saini, Philip Schoenfeld, Stephan Goebel, Erik C Von Rosenvinge, Gyorgy Baffy, Ildiko Halasz, Marcos C Pedrosa, Lyn Sue Kahng, Riaz Cassim, Katarina B Greer, Margaret F Kinnard, Divya B Bhatt, Kerry B Dunbar, William V Harford, John A Mengshol, Jed E Olson, Swati G Patel, Fadi Antaki, Deborah A Fisher, Brian A Sullivan, Christopher Lenza, Devang N Prajapati, Helen Wong, Rebecca Beyth, John G Lieb, Joseph Manlolo, Fernando V Ona, Rhonda A Cole, Natalia Khalaf, Charles J Kahi, Divyanshoo Rai Kohli, Tarun Rai, Prateek Sharma, Jiannis Anastasiou, Curt Hagedorn, Ronald S Fernando, Christian S Jackson, M Mazen Jamal, Robert H Lee, Farrukh Merchant, Folasade P May, Joseph R Pisegna, Endashaw Omer, Dipendra Parajuli, Adnan Said, Toan D Nguyen, Claudio Ruben Tombazzi, Paul A Feldman, Leslie Jacob, Rachel N Koppelman, Kyle P Lehenbauer, Deepak S Desai, Mohammad F Madhoun, William M Tierney, Minh Q Ho, Heather J Hockman, Christopher Lopez, Emily Carter Paulson, Martin Tobi, Hugo L Pinillos, Michele Young, Nancy C Ho, Ranjan Mascarenhas, Kirrichai Promrat, Pritesh R Mutha, William M Pandak, Tilak Shah, Mitchell Schubert, Frank S Pancotto, Andrew J Gawron, Amelia E Underwood, Samuel B Ho, Priscilla Magno-Pagatzaurtundua, Doris H Toro, Charles H Beymer, Andrew M Kaz, Jill Elwing, Jeffrey A Gill, Susan F Goldsmith, Michael D Yao, Petr Protiva, Heiko Pohl, Tassos Kyriakides

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: The Colonoscopy Versus Fecal Immunochemical Test in Reducing Mortality From Colorectal Cancer (CONFIRM) randomized clinical trial sought to recruit 50 000 adults into a study comparing colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality outcomes after randomization to either an annual fecal immunochemical test (FIT) or colonoscopy.

OBJECTIVE: To (1) describe study participant characteristics and (2) examine who declined participation because of a preference for colonoscopy or stool testing (ie, fecal occult blood test [FOBT]/FIT) and assess that preference's association with geographic and temporal factors.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study within CONFIRM, which completed enrollment through 46 Department of Veterans Affairs …

A Longitudinal Investigation Of Blood Neurofilament Light Chain Levels In Chronic Cocaine Users, Francesco Bavato, Ann-Kathrin Kexel, Bruno Kluwe-Schiavon, Aleksandra Maceski, Markus R Baumgartner, Erich Seifritz, Jens Kuhle, Boris B Quednow

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The identification of a blood marker of brain pathology that is sensitive to substance-induced neurotoxicity and dynamically responds to longitudinal changes in substance intake would substantially improve clinical monitoring in the field of substance use and addiction. Here, we explored the hypothesis that plasma levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL), a promising marker of neuroaxonal pathology, are elevated in chronic cocaine users and longitudinally associated with changes in cocaine use. Plasma NfL levels were determined using single molecule array (SIMOA) technology at baseline and at a 4-month follow-up. Substance use was subjectively assessed with an extensive interview and objectively measured …

Disparities In The Operative Experience Between Female And Male General Surgery Residents: A Multi-Institutional Study From The Us Rope Consortium, Leah K Winer, Sarah Kader, Jonathan S Abelson, Austin C Hammaker, Chukwuma N Eruchalu, James C Etheridge, Nancy L Cho, Darci C Foote, Felicia A Ivascu, Savannah Smith, Lauren M Postlewait, Kathriena Greenwell, Katherine M Meister, Kelsey B Montgomery, Polina Zmijewski, Samuel E Byrd, Mary K Kimbrough, Stephen J Stopenski, Jeffry T Nahmias, Jalen Harvey, Deborah Farr, Zachary M Callahan, Joshua A Marks, Christopher C Stahl, Motaz Al Yafi, Jeffrey M Sutton, Ali Elsaadi, Samuel J Campbell, Shah-Jahan M Dodwad, Sasha D Adams, Matthew R Woeste, Robert C G Martin, Purvi Patel, Michael J Anstadt, Bilal Waqar Nasim, Ross E Willis, Jitesh A Patel, Melisa R Newcomb, Brian C George, Ralph C Quillin, Alexander R Cortez

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: To examine differences in resident operative experience between male and female general surgery residents.

BACKGROUND: Despite increasing female representation in surgery, sex and gender disparities in residency experience continue to exist. The operative volume of male and female general surgery residents has not been compared on a multi-institutional level.

METHODS: Demographic characteristics and case logs were obtained for categorical general surgery graduates between 2010 and 2020 from the US Resident OPerative Experience Consortium database. Univariable, multivariable, and linear regression analyses were performed to compare differences in operative experience between male and female residents.

RESULTS: There were 1343 graduates from …

Predictors Of Self-Reported General Health Status In People Experiencing Homelessness With Serious Mental Illness, Landon Presnall, Robert Suchting, Gaybrielle Hicks, Jane Hamilton

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: The growing homeless population in the U.S.A. is disproportionately impacted by poor mental and physical health status, including a higher incidence of acute and chronic health problems, increased hospitalizations, and premature mortality compared to the general population. This study examined the association between demographic, social, and clinical factors and perceptions of general health status among the homeless population during admission to an integrated behavioral health treatment program.

METHODS: The study sample included 331 adults experiencing homelessness with a serious mental illness or co-occurring disorder. Participants were enrolled in services at a day program for unsheltered homeless adults, a residential …

Effects Of A Pragmatic Home-Based Exercise Program Concurrent With Neoadjuvant Therapy On Physical Function Of Patients With Pancreatic Cancer: The Pancfit Randomized Clinical Trial, An T Ngo-Huang, Nathan H Parker, Lianchun Xiao, Keri L Schadler, Maria Q B Petzel, Laura R Prakash, Michael P Kim, Ching-Wei D Tzeng, Jeffrey E Lee, Naruhiko Ikoma, Robert A Wolff, Milind M Javle, Eugene J Koay, Shubham D Pant, Justin P Folloder, Xuemei Wang, Alicia M Cotto, Ye Rang Ju, Naveen Garg, Huamin Wang, Eduardo D Bruera, Karen M Basen-Engquist, Matthew H G Katz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of a preoperative, home-based exercise program on fitness and physical function in patients with pancreatic cancer.

BACKGROUND: We previously established a well-tolerated preoperative exercise program after finding a high frequency of sarcopenia and frailty in patients with pancreatic cancer.

METHODS: In this randomized, controlled trial (NCT03187951), patients with pancreatic cancer were randomized to Arm A: enhanced usual care or Arm B: prescribed aerobic and resistance exercise during neoadjuvant therapy. Patients received nutrition counseling and activity trackers. The primary endpoint was 6-minute walk distance (6MWD; ≥14 meters improvement was clinically meaningful). Secondary endpoints included …

Measuring Quality At The Surgeon Level, Elias A Chamely, Jonah J Stulberg

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Patients expect high-quality surgical care and increasingly are looking for ways to assess the quality of the surgeon they are seeing, but quality measurement is often more complicated than one might expect. Measurement of individual surgeon quality in a manner that allows for comparison among surgeons is particularly difficult. While the concept of measuring individual surgeon quality has a long history, technology now allows for new and innovative ways to measure and achieve surgical excellence. However, some recent efforts to make surgeon-level quality data publicly available have highlighted the challenges of this work. Through this chapter, the reader will be …

Endoscopic Mucosal Resection: Tips And Tricks For Gastrointestinal Trainees, Tessa Herman, Bryant Megna, Kumar Pallav, Mohammad Bilal

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a minimally invasive, specialized endoscopic technique that is useful in resecting superficial gastrointestinal lesions that are unable to be removed by standard polypectomy. This is typically accomplished using a submucosal injection that lifts the lesion away from the muscularis propria to allow for safe resection of the polyp, either via piecemeal or en bloc resection. Over the years, several techniques exist to perform EMR including conventional EMR or hot EMR, cold EMR and underwater EMR. Despite its established advantages and safety over conventional techniques such as surgery, the adoption of endoscopic resection (and thus the …

Assessment Of The Apical Transportation And Quantity Of Root Canal Dentin Removed Using Different New Rotary File Systems: An Original Study, Harmeet Singh, Anuj K Shukla, Apurva A Jadhav, Anshuman Shetty, Chitharanjan Shetty, Smita D Dutta, Mohammed Mustafa

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: The rotary systems have found a common application in the clinical practice for the endodontic therapies. Hence, we compared three recent endodontic systems for the comparison of the dentine removal and the apical transportation particularly in the curved canals.

METHODS: Oneshape, Pro Taper Next, and Edgefile X3 were the three systems that were compared. Thirty maxillary mesio buccal canals of the human permanent teeth were compared due to its curved nature. The volume of dentin removed and apical transportation (mm) were measured using micro-computed tomographic imaging (mm). Both the coronal section and the entire canal length had their dentin …

Predictors And Temporal Trends Of Withdrawal Of Life-Sustaining Therapy After Acute Stroke In The Florida Stroke Registry, Ayham Alkhachroum, Lili Zhou, Negar Asdaghi, Hannah Gardener, Hao Ying, Carolina M Gutierrez, Brian M Manolovitz, Daniel Samano, Danielle Bass, Dianne Foster, Nicole B Sur, David Z Rose, Angus Jameson, Nina Massad, Mohan Kottapally, Amedeo Merenda, Robert M Starke, Kristine O'Phelan, Jose G Romano, Jan Claassen, Ralph L Sacco, Tatjana Rundek

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Temporal trends and factors associated with the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy (WLST) after acute stroke are not well determined.

DESIGN: Observational study (2008-2021).

SETTING: Florida Stroke Registry (152 hospitals).

PATIENTS: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients.

INTERVENTIONS: None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Importance plots were performed to generate the most predictive factors of WLST. Area under the curve (AUC) for the receiver operating curve were generated for the performance of logistic regression (LR) and random forest (RF) models. Regression analysis was applied to evaluate temporal trends. Among 309,393 AIS patients, 47,485 ICH patients, and …

Are There Sex Differences In Interactive Associations Of Environmental Exposure To Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), And Manganese (Mn) With Gst Genes (Gstp1, Gstt1, And Gstm1) In Relation To Asd In Jamaican Children?, Hiba T Zwiya, Maureen Samms-Vaughan, Jan Bressler, Minjae Lee, Courtney Byrd-Williams, Manouchehr Hessabi, Megan L Grove, Sydonnie Shakespeare-Pellington, Katherine A Loveland, Mohammad H Rahbar

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Male preponderance is well-established in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes play a crucial role in suppressing oxidative stress triggered by environmental stressors.

Objective: To determine whether the association between metals and ASD differs by sex and by GST genes.

Methods: Using data from 344 pairs of sex-and age-matched cases and controls, we assessed the association of each metal with ASD or ASD severity, by applying conditional logistic regression (CLR) or general linear models (GLM). Sex was assessed as an effect modifier in separate GST genetic models.

Results: For Pb exposure, using a recessive model …

Reward Processing In Psychiatric Inpatients With Depression, Hyuntaek Oh, Jaehoon Lee, Michelle A Patriquin, John Oldham, Ramiro Salas

Staff and Researcher Publications

Background: Previous neuroimaging studies have investigated reward-processing dysfunction in major depressive disorder and have led to the common finding that major depressive disorder is associated with reduced reward responses within the reward circuit. Yet it is unclear whether such reward-processing dysfunction is specifically associated with the severity of depressive symptoms in major depressive disorder or is associated with common comorbidities.

Methods: We investigated reward-processing differences using a classic juice-delivery functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment to compare psychiatric patients with severe depressive symptoms (DEPs) to both psychiatric control subjects (PCs) and healthy control subjects. In this study, the DEPs (n = …

Characterization Of Extended-Release Lorazepam: Pharmacokinetic Results Across Phase 1 Clinical Studies, Sanjay J Mathew, Shedly Jean-Lys, Rupinder Phull, Rama Yarasani

Staff and Researcher Publications

Purpose/background: Once-daily extended-release (ER) lorazepam was developed to reduce fluctuations in plasma levels compared with lorazepam immediate-release (IR) for short-term anxiety relief. Here we report a series of phase 1 randomized, open-label, multiperiod crossover studies characterizing ER lorazepam pharmacokinetics and safety in healthy adults.

Methods/procedures: These phase 1 studies assessed the pharmacokinetics of ER lorazepam administered: (study 1) 3 mg once daily versus IR lorazepam 1 mg 3 times a day (TID; every 8 hours), (study 2) with or without food, and (study 3) intact versus sprinkled onto food. Study 3 further evaluated the proportionality of 1 × 4- versus …

Mindfulness And Cognitive Emotion Regulation In Pediatric Misophonia, Samuel D Spencer, Andrew G Guzick, Matti Cervin, Eric A Storch

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Misophonia is characterized by decreased tolerance of ordinary human-generated trigger sounds and associated visual stimuli (e.g., chewing, sniffing, lip smacking), coupled with intense affective reactions. The disorder often begins during childhood or adolescence and is associated with impairment and distress in numerous life domains. Research has begun to examine the underlying psychological mechanisms of misophonia in adults, but studies in youth are limited. Trait mindfulness (i.e., nonjudgmental and nonavoidant present-moment awareness) and cognitive emotion regulation (i.e., cognitive processing, or responding to, emotionally arousing situations) are two proposed mechanisms that may underpin pediatric misophonia and associated functional impairment. In the present …

Stress-Induced Changes In Autonomic Reactivity Vary With Adolescent Violence Exposure And Resting-State Functional Connectivity, Sylvie Mrug, Susan Tortolero Emery, David C Knight

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Exposure to violence during childhood can lead to functional changes in brain regions that are important for emotion expression and regulation, which may increase susceptibility to internalizing disorders in adulthood. Specifically, childhood violence exposure can disrupt the functional connectivity among brain regions that include the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and amygdala. Together, these regions are important for modulating autonomic responses to stress. However, it is unclear to what extent changes in brain connectivity relate to autonomic stress reactivity and how the relationship between brain connectivity and autonomic responses to stress varies with childhood violence exposure. Thus, the present study examined …

A Mendelian Randomization Study Of Genetic Liability To Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder And Risk Of Ischemic Stroke, Skanda Rajasundaram, Jean Mutabaruka, Eugene Rutembesa, Chisom Soremekun, Cisse Cheickna, Mamadou Wele, Joseph Mugisha, Oyekanmi Nash, Eugene Kinyanda, Dorothea Nitsch, Myriam Fornage, Tinashe Chikowore, Dipender Gill, Derek E Wildman, Leon Mutesa, Monica Uddin, Segun Fatumo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Observational studies have shown an association between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and ischemic stroke (IS) but given the susceptibility to confounding it is unclear if these associations represent causal effects. Mendelian randomization (MR) facilitates causal inference that is robust to the influence of confounding. Using two sample MR, we investigated the causal effect of genetic liability to PTSD on IS risk. Ancestry-specific genetic instruments of PTSD and four quantitative sub-phenotypes of PTSD, including hyperarousal, avoidance, re-experiencing, and total symptom severity score (PCL-Total) were obtained from the Million Veteran Programme (MVP) using a threshold P value (P) of <5 >× 10

Vital Signs For Pediatric Health: High School Graduation, Kimberly Hoagwood, Deborah Klein Walker, Anne Edwards, Jennifer W Kaminski, Kelly J Kelleher, Julia Spandorfer, Erin G Fox

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Mollifying Green Skepticism: Effective Strategies For Inspiring Green Participation In The Hospitality Industry, Eunjin Anna Kim, Eunseon Kwon, Seoyeon Hong, Heather Shoenberger, Marla Royne Stafford

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Environmental awareness is a growing concern for consumers, and effective green messaging strategies are crucial for businesses. This 2 × 2 between-subject experiment investigates the influence of message style and sidedness on consumer participation in green practices and explores the role of message usefulness and skepticism. Our results show that a narrative message style and a two-sided message increase perceived usefulness, reduce skepticism, and lead to greater behavioral intent. Further, the study supports the moderated serial mediation role of message usefulness and skepticism. These findings offer significant implications for businesses seeking to promote sustainable practices and engage consumers in green …

Snx3 Is Important For Mammalian Neural Tube Closure Via Its Role In Canonical And Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling, Lei Dong, Mengchuan Xu, Yang Li, Wanting Xu, Chengwei Wu, Hanfei Zheng, Zhenyu Xiao, Guochen Sun, Lei Ding, Xiaobo Li, Wenming Li, Liying Zhou, Qin Xia

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Cancer cells consistently utilize the unfolded protein response (UPR) to encounter the abnormal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by the accumulation of misfolded proteins. Extreme activation of the UPR could also provoke maladaptive cell death. Previous reports have shown that NRF2 antioxidant signaling is activated by UPR and serves as noncanonical pathway to defense and reduce excessive ROS levels during ER stress. However, the mechanisms of regulating NRF2 signaling upon ER stress in glioblastoma have not been fully elucidated. Here we identify that SMURF1 protects against ER stress and facilitates glioblastoma cell survival by rewiring KEAP1-NRF2 pathway. We show that …

Exenatide As An Adjunct To Nicotine Patch For Smoking Cessation And Prevention Of Postcessation Weight Gain Among Treatment-Seeking Smokers With Pre-Diabetes And/Or Overweight: Study Protocol For A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial, Luba Yammine, Christopher D Verrico, Francesco Versace, Heather E Webber, Robert Suchting, Michael F Weaver, Thomas R Kosten, Husein Alibhai, Paul M Cinciripini, Scott D Lane, Joy M Schmitz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Obesity and smoking are the two leading causes of preventable death in the USA. Unfortunately, most smokers gain weight after quitting. Postcessation weight gain (PCWG) is frequently cited as one of the primary barriers to a quit attempt and a common cause of relapse. Further, excessive PCWG may contribute to the onset or progression of metabolic conditions, such as hyperglycaemia and obesity. The efficacy of the current treatments for smoking cessation is modest, and these treatments have no clinically meaningful impact on mitigating PCWG. Here, we outline a novel approach using glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), which have …

Neurocognitive Dysfunction With Neuronal Injury In People With Hiv On Long-Duration Antiretroviral Therapy, Cynthia Mcmahan, Devon K Dietrich, Elizabeth F Horne, Erin Kelly, Katrina Geannopoulos, Peter Selim Siyahhan Julnes, Lillian Ham, Ulisses Santamaria, Chuen-Yen Lau, Tianxia Wu, Hsing-Chuan Hsieh, Anuradha Ganesan, Catherine Berjohn, Suad Kapetanovic, Daniel S Reich, Govind Nair, Joseph Snow, Brian K Agan, Avindra Nath, Bryan R Smith

Staff and Researcher Publications

Background and objectives: Neurologic outcomes in people with HIV (PWH) on long-duration antiretroviral therapy (ART) are not fully understood, and the underlying pathophysiology is unclear. To address this, we established a cohort of such individuals and compared them with HIV-negative controls using a novel matching technique. Both groups underwent extensive cognitive testing, evaluation for psychiatric measures, and MRI and CSF analyses.

Methods: Participants underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing and completed standardized questionnaires measuring depressive symptoms, perceptions of own functioning, and activities of daily living as part of an observational study. Brain MRI and lumbar puncture were optional. Coarsened Exact Matching was …

Early Postpartum Hba1c After Hyperglycemia First Detected In Pregnancy-Imperfect But Not Without Value, Ankia Coetzee, David R Hall, Mari Van De Vyver, Magda Conradie

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: South African women of childbearing age are disproportionally affected by obesity and at significant risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Unless pregnant, they do not readily undergo screening for T2DM. With a local focus on improved antenatal care, hyperglycemia is often first detected in pregnancy (HFDP). This may erroneously be attributed to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in all without considering T2DM. Glucose evaluation following pregnancy is essential for early detection and management of women with T2DM in whom persistent hyperglycemia is to be expected. Conventional testing with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is cumbersome, prompting investigation for …

Digital Health Technologies For Peripartum Depression Management Among Low-Socioeconomic Populations: Perspectives From Patients, Providers, And Social Media Channels, Alexandra Zingg, Tavleen Singh, Amy Franklin, Angela Ross, Sudhakar Selvaraj, Jerrie Refuerzo, Sahiti Myneni

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Peripartum Depression (PPD) affects approximately 10-15% of perinatal women in the U.S., with those of low socioeconomic status (low-SES) more likely to develop symptoms. Multilevel treatment barriers including social stigma and not having appropriate access to mental health resources have played a major role in PPD-related disparities. Emerging advances in digital technologies and analytics provide opportunities to identify and address access barriers, knowledge gaps, and engagement issues. However, most market solutions for PPD prevention and management are produced generically without considering the specialized needs of low-SES populations. In this study, we examine and portray the information and technology needs …

Towards Neuromarkers For Tailored Smoking Cessation Treatments, Francesco Versace, Jason D Robinson, Paul M Cinciripini

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Vulnerability to compulsive drug use stems from dysregulated activity within the neural networks that underlie reward and executive functions. Empirical evidence suggests that a) attributing high motivational salience to drug-related stimuli leads to compulsive drug seeking and b) cognitive control deficits lead to compulsive drug taking. Noninvasive neuroimaging techniques enable brain activity monitoring during affective and cognitive processing and are paving the way to precision medicine for substance use disorders. Identifying robust neuromarkers of affective and cognitive dysregulation would allow clinicians to personalize treatments by targeting individual psychophysiological vulnerabilities. However, methodological choices have biased the field toward experimental paradigms that …

Neuroaffective Reactivity Profiles Are Associated With Vulnerability To E-Cigarette Use, Francesco Versace, George Kypriotakis, Dustin Pluta

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: We tested whether neuroaffective responses to motivationally salient stimuli are associated with vulnerability to cue-induced e-cigarette use in e-cigarette naïve adults who smoke daily. We hypothesized that individuals with stronger neuroaffective responses to nicotine-related cues than to pleasant stimuli (the C>P reactivity profile) would be more vulnerable to cue-induced nicotine self-administration than individuals with stronger neuroaffective responses to pleasant stimuli than to nicotine-related cues (the P>C reactivity profile).

METHODS: We used event-related potentials (ERPs, a direct measure of cortical activity) to measure neuroaffective reactivity to pleasant, unpleasant, neutral, and nicotine-related cues indicating the opportunity to use an …

Prospective Assessment Of The Accuracy Of Asge And Esge Guidelines For Choledocholithiasis, Andy Silva-Santisteban, Ishani Shah, Madhuri Chandnani, Vaibhav Wadhwa, Leo Tsai, Abraham F Bezuidenhout, Tyler M Berzin, Douglas Pleskow, Mandeep Sawhney

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background and study aims American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) and European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guidelines recommend categorizing patients by risk for choledocholithiasis to determine management. The goal of our study was to compare the accuracy of criteria proposed in these guidelines.

Patients and methods All patients with suspected choledocholithiasis at our institution were prospectively identified. Based upon initial test results, patients were categorized as low, intermediate, and high risk for choledocholithiasis per ASGE 2010 and 2019, and ESGE criteria. Patients were followed until 30 days post-discharge. Results of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP), endoscopic ultrasound, and magnetic resonance …

The Risk For Malignancy Using The Milan Salivary Gland Classification Categories: A 5-Year Retrospective Review, Sara Monfared, Joshua J Weis, Shinil K Shah, Daniel J Scott, Melissa M Felinski, Erik B Wilson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The field of bariatric surgery has seen peaks and troughs in the types of metabolic procedures performed. Our primary aim was to evaluate bariatric case volumes among fellows enrolled in bariatric Fellowship Council (FC)-accredited programs. Our secondary aim was to assess trends in revisional case volumes.

METHODS: We reviewed de-identified FC case logs for all bariatric surgery-accredited programs from 2010 through 2019. The number of primary sleeve gastrectomy, gastric band, gastric bypass, biliopancreatic diversion, and major revisional bariatric surgical procedures (defined as a revision with creation of a new anastomosis) were graphed for each academic year. Fellows were stratified …

Use Of Telemedicine For Postdischarge Assessment Of The Surgical Wound: International Cohort Study, And Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis, Nihr Global Health Research Unit On Global Surgery, Globalsurg Collaborative

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether remote wound reviews using telemedicine can be safely upscaled, and if standardized assessment tools are needed.

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common complication of surgery worldwide, and frequently occurs after hospital discharge. Evidence to support implementation of telemedicine during postoperative recovery will be an essential component of pandemic recovery.

METHODS: The primary outcome of this study was SSI reported up to 30 days after surgery (SSI), comparing rates reported using telemedicine (telephone and/or video assessment) to those with in-person review. The first part of this study analyzed primary data from …

Stress Reactivity After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Relation With Behavioral Adjustment, Taiane De Azevedo Cardoso, Ritele H Silva, Jessica L Fernandes, Camila O Arent, Graziela Amboni, Laura A Borba, Alex Paulo Z Padilha, Maria Eduarda M Botelho, Amanda L Maciel, Tatiana Barichello, Rodrigo Morales, Silvio José B Soares, Margarete D Bagatini, Claudia Dallagnol, Marta Elisa Brighenti, Zuleide Maria Ignácio, João Quevedo, Luciane B Ceretta, Gislaine Z Réus

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Although many studies have pointed out a possible relationship between COVID-19 and the presence of psychiatric disorders, the majority of the studies have significant limitations. This study investigates the influence of COVID-19 infection on mental health.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study included an age- and sex-matched sample of adult individuals positive (cases) or negative (controls) for COVID-19. We evaluated the presence of psychiatric conditions and C-reactive protein (CRP).

RESULTS: Findings showed greater severity of depressive symptoms, higher levels of stress, and greater CRP in cases. The severity of depressive and insomnia symptoms, as well as the CRP were more remarkable …