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Articles 991 - 1020 of 1445

Full-Text Articles in Mental and Social Health

Integrating Expressive Therapies And Visual Literacy Skills In An Exceptional Children Classroom, Natalia Torres Del Valle May 2018

Integrating Expressive Therapies And Visual Literacy Skills In An Exceptional Children Classroom, Natalia Torres Del Valle

Expressive Therapies Capstone Theses

The method conducted in this thesis integrated museum education, exceptional children education, and expressive arts therapy practices. Objectives for implementing the method were to learn how to effectively address the unique needs within the exceptional children classroom, as well as to collaborate with the teacher to address those needs through expressive arts therapy and visual literacy approaches. In so doing, I wanted to examine the differences and similarities between museum education and expressive arts therapy and how they can work together to meet therapeutic goals. The method took place over four sessions; each session focused on a work of art …


Promoting Cultural Identity Through Dance/Movement Therapy With Immigrant Children, Karen Alejandra Salazar May 2018

Promoting Cultural Identity Through Dance/Movement Therapy With Immigrant Children, Karen Alejandra Salazar

Expressive Therapies Capstone Theses

The present research project focuses on exploring how culture influences identity and how the development of a bicultural identity affects bicultural individuals. Having a multicultural or multiethnic identity could be a source of strength and/or confusion, bicultural individuals may have difficulties in identifying and sorting their group membership status and their cultural attitudes, values, perspectives, and behaviors (Navarrete & Jenkins, 2011). The present research proposes that dance movement therapy and the Expressive Therapies could serve as a means to allow individuals to explore and strengthen their cultural identity. A cultural identity workshop was implemented with second grade, English language learner, …


Mutual Vulnerability And Intergenerational Healing: Black Women Hbcu Students Writing Memoir, Zelda Lockhart May 2018

Mutual Vulnerability And Intergenerational Healing: Black Women Hbcu Students Writing Memoir, Zelda Lockhart

Expressive Therapies Dissertations

This qualitative phenomenological study sought to gain insight into the unique experiences of Black women students who were writing memoir toward the goal of self-definition in a Black feminist learning environment at a Historically Black College/University (HBCU). Two teaching methods included personal plot (an extension of expressive writing that offers writing prompts for emotional closure), and biblio-fusion (a combination of expressive writing and bibliotherapy) (Lockhart, 2017a; 2017b). Interviews were conducted with six Black women participants and triangulated against their personal essays and online journal responses. Personal plot, a form of narrative analysis was used to construct paragraphs on what each …


Open Ears, Open Mind, Open Heart: Active Listening, Mia Nguyen May 2018

Open Ears, Open Mind, Open Heart: Active Listening, Mia Nguyen

Service-Learning | Student Scholarship

Active listening is the act of listening with all senses– the body, the mind, and the soul. It means empathizing with another person and finding that place within ourselves where we can listen beyond our initial judgements and personal feelings. It is listening beyond words and allowing our souls to understand, connect, and accept one another. Active listening sparks internal purity eliminating all types of judgement and allowing us to truly take in what another person has to offer. It is “an experience of language as a bodily felt process” in which we have a felt understanding rather than a …


Levels Of Professional Stress In Missouri State University Sport Coaches, James Edgar Seratt May 2018

Levels Of Professional Stress In Missouri State University Sport Coaches, James Edgar Seratt

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Due to the particular nature of collegiate sport coaching, that is, the need to secure victories at all costs in order to ensure job security, collegiate sport coaches are a population that are likely to experience high levels of personal and professional stress. Previous research has indicated that coaches at all levels of competition, experience degrees and levels of stress similar to those experienced by individuals in other high stress professions, including police officers, medical professionals, and teachers. Furthermore, research has indicated that high levels of stress are positively correlated with decreased work performance. For this research, 45 Missouri State …


Violence And Aggression In School Settings, Barbara Katic May 2018

Violence And Aggression In School Settings, Barbara Katic

Journal of Critical Issues in Educational Practice

Violence and aggression continue to cause harm to American schools and communities, which has been visibly illustrated by the continual perpetration of school shootings. In order to prevent these situations for occurring again, the etiology of violent and aggressive behaviors must be studied. Utilizing an ecological perspective, both the risk factors and protective factors of violence and aggression, also known as a dual strategy approach, are examined within an educational context. Specific risk factors reviewed include weapons exposure and social rejection, while protective factors reviewed include school connectedness and pro-social relationships. Implications regarding the prevention of violent and aggressive acts …


Dancing, Mindfulness, And Our Emotions: Embracing The Mind, Body, And Sole, Alisha M. Collins May 2018

Dancing, Mindfulness, And Our Emotions: Embracing The Mind, Body, And Sole, Alisha M. Collins

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This capstone project examines dance, as an intervention and mindfulness practice that assists with managing our emotions. There is a need for dance therapy in social institutions such as, healthcare facilities, schools, and community centers. Dance therapy has the potential to reduce negative emotions, create mindfulness, improve self-expression, and promote a healthy well-being. I am proposing that dance therapy is applied as a regular practice in social institutions to develop mindfulness and promote emotional stability.

In this study, I argue that dance therapy can contribute to our well-being long term. In addition to this written thesis, a visual component of …


Mentally Healthy And Happy Exercise Your Mind, Chloe Riggs, Ashley Rowe, Sarah Webb, Tyler Stephens, Tanner Young, Shelley Sadler Apr 2018

Mentally Healthy And Happy Exercise Your Mind, Chloe Riggs, Ashley Rowe, Sarah Webb, Tyler Stephens, Tanner Young, Shelley Sadler

Celebration of Student Scholarship Poster Sessions Archive

No abstract provided.


The Predictors Of Juvenile Recidivism: Testimonies Of Adult Students 18 Years And Older Exiting From Alternative Education, La Toshia Palmer Apr 2018

The Predictors Of Juvenile Recidivism: Testimonies Of Adult Students 18 Years And Older Exiting From Alternative Education, La Toshia Palmer

Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive, qualitative study was to identify and describe the importance of the predictors of juvenile recidivism and the effectiveness of efforts to prevent/avoid juvenile recidivism as perceived by previously detained, arrested, convicted, and/or incarcerated adult students 18 years of age and older exiting from alternative education in Northern California. A second purpose was to explore the types of support provided by alternative schools and the perceived importance of the support to avoid recidivism according to adult students 18 years of age and older exiting from alternative education.

Methodology: This qualitative, descriptive research design identified …


The Medical Evaluation Of The Newly Resettled Female Refugee: A Narrative Review, Anne Duckles, Aba Barden-Maja, Julie Caplow Apr 2018

The Medical Evaluation Of The Newly Resettled Female Refugee: A Narrative Review, Anne Duckles, Aba Barden-Maja, Julie Caplow

Journal of Refugee & Global Health

The number of forcibly displaced individuals worldwide is increasing each year, reaching 65 million persons by the end of 2015, half of which were women and children. As the population of displaced persons grows, it is every physician’s responsibility to understand these patients and their health needs. Refugee patients and the providers who care for them face many barriers to effective patient care, including language barriers, cultural differences, and systematic inequalities. Female refugees commonly experience gender-based violence, repetitive trauma, stigmatized mental illness, and cultural barriers to women’s healthcare. This review is intended to be a comprehensive guide for the provider …


Examining Jordanians' Attitudes Towards Five Types Of Developmental Disabilities, Najah Zaaeed Drph, Mohammad M. Mohammad, Peter Gleason, Khaled A. Bahjri Md, Naomi Modeste Apr 2018

Examining Jordanians' Attitudes Towards Five Types Of Developmental Disabilities, Najah Zaaeed Drph, Mohammad M. Mohammad, Peter Gleason, Khaled A. Bahjri Md, Naomi Modeste

Journal of Refugee & Global Health

Background: The diagnosis and reported rates of persons with developmental disabilities (PWDDs) in Jordan is steadily increasing. Although initiatives have been implemented to improve the lives of PWDDs, attitudes towards PWDDs hinder successful inclusion in the Jordanian society.

Objectives: To examine the relationship between Jordanians socio-economic status and attitudes towards persons with developmental disabilities: autism, blindness, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome and muscular dystrophy.

Methods: Jordanians (N=259), ages 18-65 were recruited for this convergent parallel, mixed-methods study. Participants completed the modified 40-item Community Living Attitude Scale-developmental disability (CLAS-DD) and the modified Intellectual Disability Literacy Scale consisting of five vignettes, representing each …


The Effect Of Dance And Team Sports On Mental Health, Kayla Hulburt Apr 2018

The Effect Of Dance And Team Sports On Mental Health, Kayla Hulburt

Honors Senior Capstone Projects

This study uses the World Health Organization model of physical, social, and mental health to examine the effect of participating in dance and team sports during childhood on mental health in adulthood. Prior research has suggested that physical activity is strongly integrated with mental and social health and therefore is a protective factor among mental illness. However, there is not sufficient research comparing the differences among dance and team sports on mental health. This study hypothesized that dancers would experience more positive mental health in adulthood than team sports due to the basis of physical activity in dance, but the …


Exploring The Relevance Of Art Therapy In Public Education, Brandy A. Jarrell Apr 2018

Exploring The Relevance Of Art Therapy In Public Education, Brandy A. Jarrell

Masters Theses

This thesis will explore art education as a therapeutic tool in a public education system. This topic will serve as a continuation of research that I conducted previously but will bring more focus upon bringing a certified art therapist into public school districts in West Virginia. Data will be collected through student surveys, interviews of professional art therapists, and administrative officials. Data will also be collected through a review of the literature surrounding the benefits of art therapy to children and adolescents. Through these sources I will explore the attitudes, beliefs, and practices of educational professionals, art therapists, administrators and …


Family Impact Seminar 2018: The Kids Are Not All Right: Policy Options To Address Youth Trauma In Massachusetts, Denise Hines, Laurie Ross Ph.D, Marianne Sarkis Ph.D Mar 2018

Family Impact Seminar 2018: The Kids Are Not All Right: Policy Options To Address Youth Trauma In Massachusetts, Denise Hines, Laurie Ross Ph.D, Marianne Sarkis Ph.D

Mosakowski Institute for Public Enterprise

Family Impact Seminars are a series of annual seminars, briefing reports, and discussion sessions that provide up-to-date, solution-oriented research on current issues for state legislators and their aides. The seminars provide objective, nonpartisan research on current issues and do not lobby for particular policies. Seminar participants discuss policy options and identify common ground where it exists.

The Kids are NOT All Right: Policy Options to Address Youth Trauma in Massachusetts is the ninth Massachusetts Family Impact Seminar. Today’s seminar is designed to emphasize a family perspective in policymaking on issues related to early intervention in childhood trauma, sex trafficking and …


Pengembangan Panduan Pelatihan Keterampilan Mengelola Emosi Sebagai Upaya Preventif Perilaku Bullying Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama, Luthfita Cahya Irani, Dany Moenindyah Handarini, Lutfi Fauzan Mar 2018

Pengembangan Panduan Pelatihan Keterampilan Mengelola Emosi Sebagai Upaya Preventif Perilaku Bullying Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama, Luthfita Cahya Irani, Dany Moenindyah Handarini, Lutfi Fauzan

Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling

This study aims to develop a training guide in emotion management skills to prevent bullying behavior for junior high school students. The method used is the research and development model. The trial subjects in this study included guidance and counseling experts, psychology experts, educational technology expert, and school counselors. Instruments used are the scale of emotion management skills for students, expert assessment instruments and counselors assessment instruments. Data from the assessment of guidance and counseling experts, psychology experts, educational technology expert, and three school counselors from three different schools in Malang showed that the developed product is acceptable and feasible …


Hubungan Antara Persepsi Terhadap Layanan Bimbingan Belajar Dengan Kemandirian Belajar Peserta Didik Sekolah Menengah Pertama, Andika Ari Saputra, Budi Astuti Mar 2018

Hubungan Antara Persepsi Terhadap Layanan Bimbingan Belajar Dengan Kemandirian Belajar Peserta Didik Sekolah Menengah Pertama, Andika Ari Saputra, Budi Astuti

Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling

This study is intended to identify the correlation between perception on tutoring services and Junior High School students’ autonomy. This study was a correlational and expose facto study. The population of this study is the entire students of Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 10 Yogyakarta amount to 506 students. Then, this study took 253 students as research sample which is determined by using proportional stratified random sampling. The data were obtained employing perception on tutoring services scale and students’ autonomy scale. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to examine the reliability and it obtained p = 0,743 for perception on tutoring services and …


Studi Komparasi Kinerja Konselor Dalam Layanan Konseling Individual Berdasarkan Self Evaluation Dan Peer Evaluation, Muya Barida, Sutarno Sutarno Mar 2018

Studi Komparasi Kinerja Konselor Dalam Layanan Konseling Individual Berdasarkan Self Evaluation Dan Peer Evaluation, Muya Barida, Sutarno Sutarno

Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling

The purpose of this study was to evaluate school counselor performance in organizing individual counseling services using self evaluation and peer evaluation. This study uses descriptive survey approach through descriptive comparative study. Subjects are school counselors in Special Region of Yogyakarta, especially Bantul District. Data analysis used Mann-Whitney U test. Based on result obtained by Mann-Whitney U significance value between self evaluation with peer evaluation is 0,657 (> 0,05). This means that there is no significant difference in counselor performance evaluation based on self evaluation and peer evaluation instruments.


Meningkatkan Percaya Diri Siswa Melalui Teknik Cognitive Defusion, Wahyu Nanda Eka Saputra, Hardi Prasetiawan Mar 2018

Meningkatkan Percaya Diri Siswa Melalui Teknik Cognitive Defusion, Wahyu Nanda Eka Saputra, Hardi Prasetiawan

Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling

This study aims to identify the effectiveness of cognitive defusion technique to increase students’ self confidence. This study used a pre-experimental design with one group pre-test post-test design. Subject in this study were six vocational high school student which have low self-confidence. The instrument used is self-confidence scale. To analyze the subjects’ self confidence after receiving cognitive defusion technique, we use the wilcoxon sign test. The results confirm that students' confidence level score were increase after being treat using cognitive defusion technique. It can be concluded that cognitive defusion technique are effective for improving students' self-confidence.


The Effectiveness Of Transtheoretical Model To Reduce Compulsive Internet Use Of Senior High School Students, Yevin Fitri Kuspar Indah, M Ramli, Blasius Boli Lasan Mar 2018

The Effectiveness Of Transtheoretical Model To Reduce Compulsive Internet Use Of Senior High School Students, Yevin Fitri Kuspar Indah, M Ramli, Blasius Boli Lasan

Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling

This research aims at examining the effectiveness of transtheoretical model to reduce compulsive internet use of Senior High School students. This research employed single subject design approach. The subject of this research is four students of X graders at St. Joseph Senior High School Malang which obtained high compulsive internet use score. This research utilized transtheoretical model counseling guidebook, compulsive internet use scale, observation and interview guidebook. The results of significant visual and score margin between pre-test and post-test indicate that transtheoretical model is effective to reduce compulsive internet use among Senior High School students.


A Feasibility Trial Of Mental Health First Aid First Nations: Acceptability, Cultural Adaptation, And Preliminary Outcomes, Claire Crooks, Andrea Lapp, Monique Auger, Kim Van Der Woerd, Angela Snowshoe, Billie Jo Rogers, Samantha Tsuruda, Cassidy Caron Mar 2018

A Feasibility Trial Of Mental Health First Aid First Nations: Acceptability, Cultural Adaptation, And Preliminary Outcomes, Claire Crooks, Andrea Lapp, Monique Auger, Kim Van Der Woerd, Angela Snowshoe, Billie Jo Rogers, Samantha Tsuruda, Cassidy Caron

Journal Articles

The Mental Health First Aid First Nations course was adapted from Mental Health First Aid Basic to create a community‐based, culturally safe and relevant approach to promoting mental health literacy in First Nations contexts. Over 2.5 days, the course aims to build community capacity by teaching individuals to recognize and respond to mental health crises. This feasibility trial utilized mixed methods to evaluate the acceptability, cultural adaptation, and preliminary effectiveness of MHFAFN. Our approach was grounded in community‐based participatory research principles, emphasizing relationship‐driven procedures to collecting data and choice for how participants shared their voices. Data included participant interviews ( …


Choices And Consequences: A Mind Is A Terrible Thing To Waste, Ian Elmore-Moore, Demecca Jones, Jalani Traxler, John Doyle, Jimez Alexander Mar 2018

Choices And Consequences: A Mind Is A Terrible Thing To Waste, Ian Elmore-Moore, Demecca Jones, Jalani Traxler, John Doyle, Jimez Alexander

National Youth Advocacy & Resilience Conference

Choices and Consequences: A Mind is a Terrible thing to Waste, is designed for school and community leaders to learn about the human brain. According to Dr. Nirav Shah, a board certified neurosurgeon, “The brain is arguably the most important organ in the human body. It controls and coordinates actions and reactions, allows us to think and feel, and enables us to have memories and feelings – all the things that make us human”. Within our presentation we will highlight the benefits or incorporating brain based instructional practices into the modern classroom. We will display our innovative brain based curriculum …


Feasibility And Fit Of A Mental Health Promotion Program For Lgbtq+ Youth, Alicia A. Lapointe, Caely I. Dunlop, Claire Crooks Jan 2018

Feasibility And Fit Of A Mental Health Promotion Program For Lgbtq+ Youth, Alicia A. Lapointe, Caely I. Dunlop, Claire Crooks

Journal Articles

This study evaluated the feasibility and fit of a mental health promotion and violence prevention program adapted for LGBTQ+ youth (ages 14-18). The pilot program included 16 30-minute sessions and was implemented in 8 gender and sexuality alliances (GSAs) and one community youth group setting. Extensive feedback was collected from 11 facilitators via session tracking sheets, ongoing email communication, an implementation survey, and a focus group; and from 7 youth who participated in a variety of feedback activities during a 2-day post-program workshop. Results indicated a strong interest in formalized programming, challenges related to its delivery in GSAs, and significant …


Assessment Of Stress Related Issues And Coping Mechanisms Among College Students, Emeka Okoro Jan 2018

Assessment Of Stress Related Issues And Coping Mechanisms Among College Students, Emeka Okoro

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

The purpose of this research was to identify frequency of stressors and evaluate current levels of stress of undergraduate students. This study also analyzed and identified coping strategies implemented by college students. Two surveys were used in this study. The University Stress Scale developed by Stallman (2009) was used to identify perceived stressors and measure stress levels of participants. Brief Cope Inventory developed by Carver (1997) was used to assess coping strategies.

SPSS was used for data analysis and computation of scores. Academic/coursework demands was the highest perceived stressor among sampled undergraduates. Procrastination, study/life balance, finances and money problems were …


Development And Validation Of The College Mental Health Perceived Competency Scale, Michael T. Kalkbrenner, Christopher A. Sink Jan 2018

Development And Validation Of The College Mental Health Perceived Competency Scale, Michael T. Kalkbrenner, Christopher A. Sink

Counseling & Human Services Faculty Publications

College counselors provide training to their campus constituents on various mental health issues, including the identification of warning signs and the referral of students to appropriate resources. Though extensive information on these topics is available in the counseling literature, college counselors lack a psychometrically sound screening instrument to support some of these educational efforts. To meet this need, the present researchers developed and validated the College Mental Health Perceived Competency Scale (CMHPCS). Based largely on self-determination theory, the measure appraises college student and faculty members’ perceived competence for supporting student mental health. Reliability and construct validity of the CMHPCS are …


Alcohol Policy Initiatives Of Post-Secondary Institutions In The State Of Kentucky: An Evaluation Of Best Practice Strategies To Reduce Binge Drinking, Deniece Bell Jan 2018

Alcohol Policy Initiatives Of Post-Secondary Institutions In The State Of Kentucky: An Evaluation Of Best Practice Strategies To Reduce Binge Drinking, Deniece Bell

Online Theses and Dissertations

Binge drinking has become a matter of public health. The legal drinking age is 21 in the United States; however, binge drinking by underage college students is prevalent, alarming, and consequential (Malloy & Goldman, 2002). This polarizing topic has caused great concern among policy makers, legal experts, constituents and organizations alike, and as a result they have acted with a sense of urgency to implement policies and evidence-based recommendations for prevention and treatment (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services Alcohol and Health, 1990).

The purpose of this study was to examine the current alcohol policy initiatives among four …


Academic Advisors' Attitudes Toward Students Experiencing Mental Health Issues, Danielle Aming Jan 2018

Academic Advisors' Attitudes Toward Students Experiencing Mental Health Issues, Danielle Aming

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As students continue to pursue higher education, the potential for them to experience mental health issues will exist (National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2011; Center for Collegiate Mental Health, 2012; Gruttadaro & Crudo, 2012; Salzer, 2012; Center for Collegiate Mental Health, 2013). When entering a new environment, students will look to make connections with the institution; one of these connections can be with an academic advisor (Harper & Peterson, 2005; Harper & Wilson, 2010; Kuh, 2011; Pearson, 2012). It is important for individuals experiencing mental health issues to make connections to the institution so that they are more likely to …


The Impact Of A Neurofeedback Training Intervention On College Students' Levels Of Anxiety, Stress, Depression, And Cortisol, Caitlyn Bennett Jan 2018

The Impact Of A Neurofeedback Training Intervention On College Students' Levels Of Anxiety, Stress, Depression, And Cortisol, Caitlyn Bennett

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Anxiety, depression, and stress are three of the most common experiences that impact college student functioning and academic achievement. At least one in six college students struggle with anxiety, increasing risk for developing depressive symptoms or disorders that further impact wellness. However, as mental health concerns increase across campuses, universities are not equipped to meet the demand of mental health support for college students. Neurofeedback (NF) training presents as an innovative intervention to treat anxiety, depression, and stress as it is designed to regulate brain processes in an effort to increase more effective brain functioning. A quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group …


A Qualitative Case Study On Best Practices Of Emotional Support Animal Policies, Jordan E. Dadez Jan 2018

A Qualitative Case Study On Best Practices Of Emotional Support Animal Policies, Jordan E. Dadez

Masters Theses

This study sought to understand the best practices and protocols of Emotional Support Animal policies in residential life. A qualitative case study was conducted to provide insight on the best practices of residential life Emotional Support Animal Policies. Four participants from institutions with established policies were interviewed to gain understanding of these protocols and policies, what is involved in the approval and accommodations process, and what challenges the participants face. The results showed a need to evaluate and change the current process that most institutions utilize for Emotional Support Animal approval. The approval process and accommodations process are two separate …


Is The Relationship Between College Drinking Behaviors And Social Anxiety Mediated By Alcohol Expectancies And Traumatic Life Experiences?, Cortney Lin Kingsmill Jan 2018

Is The Relationship Between College Drinking Behaviors And Social Anxiety Mediated By Alcohol Expectancies And Traumatic Life Experiences?, Cortney Lin Kingsmill

Masters Theses

The relationship between alcohol consumption and social anxiety is difficult to understand, as there have been mixed findings in the research. In general, a positive correlation has been found between the two, with a focus on the mediating effect of alcohol outcome expectancies. Both positive expectancies and trauma have been correlated positively with social anxiety and drinking behavior. This paper reviews the literature and examines the relationship between social anxiety and alcohol consumption. A mediated model between these two variables with the mediators being alcohol expectancies and traumatic experiences was proposed, but this model did not fit the date. Specifically, …


Preparedness Of Student Affairs Professionals: The Difference Between A Council For Accreditation Of Counseling And Other Related Educational Programs Accredited And Council For The Achievement Of Standards- Best Practice Guided Academic Preparation Programs, Kelly J. Smith Jan 2018

Preparedness Of Student Affairs Professionals: The Difference Between A Council For Accreditation Of Counseling And Other Related Educational Programs Accredited And Council For The Achievement Of Standards- Best Practice Guided Academic Preparation Programs, Kelly J. Smith

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

A complicated relationship exists among several variables related to entry-level student affairs professionals’ preparedness for their first positions in the field of student affairs. In order to better understand the academic preparation of and the unusually high levels of attrition for entry-level student affairs professionals, their influence on job satisfaction and self-efficacy needed to be examined. The purpose of this study was to determine a difference between Council for the Advancement of Standards (CAS) best practice guided and Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Program (CACREP) accredited academic preparation programs and intentions to leave the profession of …