Orthopedics Commons^™

Unilateral Heat Accelerates Bone Elongation And Lengthens Extremities Of Growing Mice, Maria A. Serrat, Thomas J. Schlierf, Morgan L. Efaw, Franklin D. Shuler, Justin Godby, Laura M. Stanko

Orthopaedics

Linear growth failure results from a broad spectrum of systemic and local disorders that can generate chronic musculoskeletal disability. Current bone lengthening protocols involve invasive surgeries or drug regimens, which are only partially effective. Exposure to warm ambient temperature during growth increases limb length, suggesting that targeted heat could noninvasively enhance bone elongation. We tested the hypothesis that daily heat exposure on one side of the body unilaterally increases femoral and tibial lengths. Mice (N = 20) were treated with 40 °C unilateral heat for 40 min/day for 14 days post-weaning. Non-treated mice (N = 6) served as controls. Unilateral …

Hip Fracture Evaluation With Alternatives Of Total Hip Arthroplasty Versus Hemiarthroplasty (Health): Protocol For A Multicentre Randomised Trial, Mohit Bhandari, P. J. Devereaux, Thomas A. Einhorn, Lehana Thabane, Emil H. Schemitsch, Kenneth J. Koval, Frede Frihagen, Rudolf W. Poolman, Kevin Tetsworth, Ernesto Guerra-Farfán, Kim Madden, Sheila Sprague, Gordon Guyatt, Ali Oliasharazi, Franklin D. Shuler, Jonathon Salva, James Day, Tigran Garabekyan, Felix Cheung, Linda Morgan, Timothy Wilson-Byrne Md, Mary Beth Cordle

Orthopaedics

Introduction: Hip fractures are a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, and the number of hip fractures is expected to rise to over 6 million per year by 2050. The optimal approach for the surgical management of displaced femoral neck fractures remains unknown. Current evidence suggests the use of arthroplasty; however, there is lack of evidence regarding whether patients with displaced femoral neck fractures experience better outcomes with total hip arthroplasty (THA) or hemiarthroplasty (HA). The HEALTH trial compares outcomes following THA versus HA in patients 50 years of age or older with displaced femoral neck fractures.

Methods and …

The Effect Of Spinal Cord Injury On Vagal Afferents., April N. Herrity

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a significant public health concern that leaves patients with a multitude of life-long disabilities. Major complications of SCI apart from paralysis, include deficits in bladder and bowel function. Lower urinary tract dysfunction continues to remain a top priority issue affecting quality of life for this population. The majority of visceral organs receive a dual sensory innervation from both spinal nerves as well as the vagus nerve. Following SCI, the vagus nerve is a potential pathway through which information from regions below the level of a spinal injury can travel directly to the brainstem, bypassing the …

Operative Management Of Patients With Non-Spinal Metastatic Bone Disease. Does It Actually Improve Quality Of Life?, Masood Umer, Yasir Mohib, Hafiz Muhammad Umer

Department of Surgery Docs

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the survival rate and functional outcome of skeletal stabilisation in patients with metastatic bone disease.

METHODS:

The retrospective study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised data of patients with non-spinalmetastatic bone disease managed surgically from January 2002 to December 2010. All patients had been managed by experienced orthopaedic, oncology and multidisciplinary teams. Patients managed by non-oncologic orthopaedic surgeons were excluded. The prognostic influence of clinical, pathological and treatment variables on Musculoskeletal Tumour Society score, range of motion, local complications and death rate were measured. SPSS 19 was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: …

Transfusion Practice In Orthopedic Patients: Do We Really Need It?, Kashif Abbas, Raza Askari, Masood Umer, Kamran Hafeez

Department of Surgery Docs

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the proportion of inappropriate transfusions in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery at a tertiary care university hospital, and factors associated with inappropriate transfusions.

METHODS:

The prospective study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from December 2008 to September 2009, and comprised patients admitted to the Orthopaedic Department and received transfusion of at least one packed cell. Patients were divided into four groups: A, those with haemoglobin < 7, B, haemoglobin 7.1-10 without ischemic heart disease, C, haemoglobin 7.1-10 with ischemic heart disease, and D, haemoglobin >10. Variables recorded were, pre-transfusion haemoglobin level, co-morbids, symptoms of hypovolemia, pre-transfusion volume replacement with fluids, transfusion reactions, and haemoglobin after 48 hours. Indications of transfusion were assessed in …

Effect Of Teriparatide On Bone Regenerate After Distraction Osteogenesis, Masood Umer, Tashfeen Ahmad, Sadia Habib, Rasham Rehman, Mahmood Ahmed, Irfan Qadir

Department of Surgery Docs

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the effect of teriparatide on new bone formation in a rat model of distraction osteogenesis.

METHODS:

The experimental study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, in November-December 2010, and comprised male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250gm each who were allocated to two treatment groups, teriparatide and saline, both given subcutaneously for 7 weeks. Femoral distraction was done for 3 weeks at the rate of 0.4mm/day, followed by a further 4 weeks for consolidation. New bone formation was assessed using X-ray scoring system, bone densitometry and histology.

RESULTS:

The 12 rats in the study were …

Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infection: Cause Of Postoperative Wound Infection, Irfan A. Khan, Masood Umer

Department of Surgery Docs

bstract

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the rate of urinary tract infection in patients given incomplete treatment before undergoing hip fracture surgery.

METHODS:

The descriptive case series was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, From October 25, 2012 to April 24, 2013. 84 postmenopausal women having hip fracture along with asymptomatic urinary tract infection. The infection was treated incompletely and postoperatively wound infection rate was determined. The SPSS version 17 was used to analyze the data.

RESULTS:

The overall mean age of the 84 patients in the study was 63.57+10.34 years. Overall, 14(16.7%) patients had wound infection after orthopaedic implant surgery …

Competing Interests Of Undergraduate Medical Education And Industry: Integration Into Longitudinal Curricular Themes., Shahryar Noordin, Sheilla Pinjani

Department of Surgery Docs

Abstract

Recent changes in curricula around the globe with emphasis on teaching/learning and assessing professionalism in medical schools has been the priority. With the changing public expectations and professional demands, it has become imperative to develop clear guidelines and policies for students and faculty to better understand and meet the expectations of them as part of professionalism. In order to analyse this problem and highlight potential solutions, a literature search was conducted using Eric, Medline, Google Scholar and CINAHL Plus databases from 1985 to February 2013. We reviewed publications regarding the relationship between the pharmaceutical and device industry and medical …

Our Experience With Van Nes Rotationplasty For Locally Advanced Lower Extremity Tumours, Raza Askari, Masood Umer, Mohsin-E-Azam, Haroon Rashid

Department of Surgery Docs

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To present an early experience with the time-tested technique of Van Ness Rotationplasty to save distal lmbs.

METHODS:

Van Nes Rotationplasty for locally advanced lower extremity tumours. A reterorespective audit was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised cases of bone and soft tissue sarcoma who underwent Van Ness Rotationplasty over seven years from January 2005 to December 2011. Demographic data, family history, past history, co-morbids, date since diagnosis, duration of symptoms, type of tumour, metastasis, pre-op and post-op functional status, recurrence and survival were collected.

RESULTS:

Of the 351 cases of bone and soft tissue …

Malrotation After Reamed Intramedullary Nailing With And Without A Fracture Table For Closed Fractures Of The Femoral Shaft, Rizwan Haroon Rashid, Akbar Jaleel Zubairi, Masood Umer

Department of Surgery Docs

Abstract Introduction: To observe the effect of the choice of surgical table on the incidence of malrotation. Methods: The randomised trial was conducted from July 2012 to January 2013 at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, during which 74 patients were inducted. Randomisation was done via random allocation software version 1.0.0 and sealed envelopes were used to guide the choice of table. Malrotation was assessed by the operating surgeon using the lesser trochanteric shape signunder intra-operative fluoroscopy. SPSS 19 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The 74 patients in the study were divided into two groups of 37(50%) each using …

Leukocyte Esterase Strip Test: Matched For Musculoskeletal Infection Society Criteria., Eric H Tischler, Priscilla K Cavanaugh, Javad Parvizi Md

Rothman Institute Papers

BACKGROUND: The presence of leukocyte esterase in the synovial fluid has recently been proposed as a marker for periprosthetic joint infection. However, the sensitivity and specificity of leukocyte esterase has not been determined when matched for the current, most inclusive Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria for periprosthetic joint infection.

METHODS: The presence of leukocyte esterase was prospectively evaluated in synovial joint aspirates from hips and knees from May 2009 to May 2013. The cohort consisted of 189 hip and knee aspirations (fifty-two positive and 137 negative for infection). If the aspirate was bloody, a centrifuge was used to precipitate red …

What's Good For The Heart Is Good For The Shoulder? Commentary On An Article By Chang-Meen Sung, Md, Et Al.: "Are Serum Lipids Involved In Primary Frozen Shoulder? A Case-Control Study"., Mark D Lazarus

Rothman Institute Papers

No abstract provided.

Loss Of Hif-1Α In The Notochord Results In Cell Death And Complete Disappearance Of The Nucleus Pulposus., Christophe Merceron, Laura Mangiavini, Alexander Robling, Tremika Leshan Wilson, Amato J Giaccia, Irving Shapiro, Ernestina Schipani, Makarand V Risbud

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

The intervertebral disc (IVD) is one of the largest avascular organs in vertebrates. The nucleus pulposus (NP), a highly hydrated and proteoglycan-enriched tissue, forms the inner portion of the IVD. The NP is surrounded by a multi-lamellar fibrocartilaginous structure, the annulus fibrosus (AF). This structure is covered superior and inferior side by cartilaginous endplates (CEP). The NP is a unique tissue within the IVD as it results from the differentiation of notochordal cells, whereas, AF and CEP derive from the sclerotome. The hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is expressed in NP cells but its function in NP development and homeostasis is …

Cervical Vertebral Anomalies In Skeletal Malocclusions: A Cross-Sectional Study On Orthodontic Patients At The Aga Khan University Hospital, Pakistan, Saman Faruqui, Mubassar Fida, Attiya Shaikh

Section of Orthopaedic Surgery

Introduction: Morphological deviations of the cervical vertebral column have been described in relation to craniofacial aberrations and syndromes. Furthermore, it has recently been shown that abnormal morphology of upper cervical vertebrae is associated with malformation of the jaws and occlusion. Accordingly, it is relevant to focus on similar associations in patients with skeletal malocclusions. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to: (a) Identify the anomalies of the cervical column in patients with skeletal malocclusions (b) Determine the association between cervical vertebral anomalies and skeletal malocclusions.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 90 subjects …

Effects Of Yoga On Arm Volume Among Women With Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema: A Pilot Study, Mary Insana Fisher, Betsy Donahoe-Fillmore, Laura Leach, Colleen O'Malley, Cheryl Paeplow, Tess Prescott, Harold L. Merriman

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Lymphedema affects 3–58% of survivors of breast cancer and can result in upper extremity impairments. Exercise can be beneficial in managing lymphedema. Yoga practice has been minimally studied for its effects on breast cancer related lymphedema (BCRL). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of yoga on arm volume, quality of life (QOL), self-reported arm function, and hand grip strength in women with BCRL. Six women with BCRL participated in modified Hatha yoga 3×/week for 8 weeks. Compression sleeves were worn during yoga sessions. Arm volume, QOL, self-reported arm function, and hand grip strength were measured at …

Evaluating Initial Spine Trauma Response: Injury Time To Trauma Center In Pa, Usa., James Harrop, Md, George M. Ghobrial, Md, Rohan Chitale, Md, Kelly Krespan, Laura Odorizzi, Tristan Fried, Mitchell Maltenfort, Phd, Murray Cohen, Md, Alex R. Vaccaro, Md

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Historical perceptions regarding the severity of traumatic spinal cord injury has led to considerable disparity in triage to tertiary care centers. This article retrospectively reviews a large regional trauma database to analyze whether the diagnosis of spinal trauma affected patient transfer timing and patterns. The Pennsylvania Trauma database was retrospectively reviewed. All acute trauma patient entries for level I and II centers were categorized for diagnosis, mechanism, and location of injury, analyzing transportation modality and its influence on time of arrival. A total of 1162 trauma patients were identified (1014 blunt injuries, 135 penetrating injuries and 12 other) with a …

Risk Factors For Surgical Site Infection Following Total Joint Arthroplasty., Mohammad R Rasouli, Camilo Restrepo, Mitchell Maltenfort, Phd, James J Purtill, Javad Parvizi

Rothman Institute Papers

BACKGROUND: Currently, most hospitals in the United States are obliged to report infections that occur following total joint arthroplasty to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the National Healthcare Safety Network surveillance. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors of surgical site infections that were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from a single institution.

METHODS: For this study, 6111 primary and revision total joint arthroplasties performed from April 2010 to June 2012 were identified. Surgical site infection cases captured by infection surveillance staff on the basis of the Centers for …

The Effect Of Tooth Presence On Identification Of Tooth Socket Lamina Dura Surface: A Cbct Study, Morse Stonecypher

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Aim: The accuracy in identifying anatomical landmarks on CBCT images can be affected by the presence of surrounding anatomical structures with similar radiodensity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the presence of tooth structure on the accuracy in identifying the lamina dura surface, facial bone surface, facial and lingual bone margins, socket apex, as well as in facial bone thickness measurement. Materials & Methods: Three fresh cadaver heads were scanned using a NewTom 5G CBCT at 0.100 mm voxel size at three time-points: before extraction (T1), after extraction and reinsertion (T2), and after tooth removal …

First Carpometacarpal Arthroplasty With Ligamentous Reconstruction: A Long-Term Follow-Up, Mark A Yaffe, Bennet Butler, James M Saucedo, Daniel J Nagle

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study is to evaluate a single surgeon's short, intermediate, and long-term clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes with a trapeziectomy with flexor carpi radialis (FCR) suspension arthroplasty without tendon interposition (LRSA).

METHODS: Twenty-one patients underwent 26 FCR suspension arthroplasties without tendon interposition by a single senior surgeon. All patients had Eaton stage III and IV carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis. The Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation (PRWHE) and Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) were used to evaluate functional outcomes. A comprehensive strength and range of motion evaluation was performed to evaluate clinical outcomes. Plain …

A Survey Of Expert Opinion Regarding Rotator Cuff Repair., Daniel C Acevedo, E Scott Paxton, Gerald R Williams, Joseph A Abboud

Rothman Institute Papers

Many patients with rotator cuff tears have questions for their surgeons regarding the surgical procedure, perioperative management, restrictions, therapy, and ability to work after a rotator cuff repair. The purpose of our study was to determine common clinical practices among experts regarding rotator cuff repair and to assist them in counseling patients. We surveyed 372 members of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) and the Association of Clinical Elbow and Shoulder Surgeons (ACESS); 111 members (29.8%) completed all or part of the survey, and 92.8% of the respondents answered every question. A consensus response (>50% agreement) was achieved …

Definition Of Periprosthetic Joint Infection, Javad Parvizi, Md, Frcs, Thorsten Gehrke, Md

Rothman Institute Papers

Diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains challenging as no “gold standard” for diagnosis exists [3]. The challenge is then what test(s) or criterion (ia) can be used to define PJI. In an effort to standardize the definition of PJI, Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) convened a workgroup in 2011 to issue diagnostic criteria for PJI [1]. The MSIS definition of PJI consists of two major criteria, when the presence of either criterion would indicate PJI, and six minor criteria, when the presence of four or more would indicate PJI.

What's New In Spine Surgery., Keith H Bridwell, Paul A Anderson, Scott D Boden, Han Jo Kim, Alexander Vaccaro, Md, Phd, Jeffrey C Wang

Rothman Institute Papers

No abstract provided.

Aquacel Surgical Dressing Reduces The Rate Of Acute Pji Following Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Case-Control Study., Jenny Cai, Joseph A Karam, Javad Parvizi, Eric B Smith, Peter F. Sharkey

Rothman Institute Papers

An effort to prevent PJI has led to the development of antimicrobial dressings that support wound healing. We sought to determine whether Aquacel Surgical dressing independently reduces the rate of acute PJI following TJA. A single institution retrospective chart review of 903 consecutive cases who received the Aquacel Surgical dressing and 875 consecutive cases who received standard gauze dressing was conducted to determine the incidence of acute PJI (within 3months). The incidence of acute PJI is 0.44% in the Aquacel dressing group compared to 1.7% in the standard gauze dressing group (P=0.005). Multivariate analysis revealed that use of Aquacel dressing …

The Relative Efficacy Of Antifibrinolytics In Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Prospective Randomized Trial., Kushagra Verma, Md, Thomas Errico, Chris Diefenbach, Christian Hoelscher, Austin Peters, Joseph Dryer, Tessa Huncke, Kirstin Boenigk, Baron S Lonner

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Antifibrinolytics can reduce intraoperative blood loss. The primary aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of intraoperative tranexamic acid, epsilon-aminocaproic acid, and placebo at reducing perioperative blood loss and the transfusion rate in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis undergoing posterior spinal arthrodesis.

METHODS: This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of tranexamic acid, epsilon-aminocaproic acid, and placebo used intraoperatively in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. One hundred and twenty-five patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were randomly assigned to the tranexamic acid, epsilon-aminocaproic acid, or control groups. Parameters recorded included estimated blood loss, hematocrit, blood product usage, drain …

Preventing Falls With Vitamin D, Franklin D. Shuler Md, Phd, Thomas Schlierf, Matthew Wingate

Orthopaedics

Falls are the number one cause for injury-related morbidity and mortality in West Virginia’s seniors. Multiple independent variables contribute to the risk of a fall: previous falls, alterations in balance and vision, impairments in gait and strength, and medications most highly correlate with the risk for a fall. Vitamin D supplementation is emerging as an easy, safe and well-tolerated fall reduction/prevention strategy due to the beneficial effects on the musculoskeletal system with improvements in strength, function and navigational abilities. From meta-analysis data, maximal fall reduction benefit in seniors is achieved when correcting vitamin D deficiency and when using adjunctive calcium …

Nanotechnology: Current Concepts In Orthopaedic Surgery And Future Directions., M P Sullivan, K J Mchale, Javad Parvizi Md, S Mehta

Rothman Institute Papers

Nanotechnology is the study, production and controlled manipulation of materials with a grain size < 100 nm. At this level, the laws of classical mechanics fall away and those of quantum mechanics take over, resulting in unique behaviour of matter in terms of melting point, conductivity and reactivity. Additionally, and likely more significant, as grain size decreases, the ratio of surface area to volume drastically increases, allowing for greater interaction between implants and the surrounding cellular environment. This favourable increase in surface area plays an important role in mesenchymal cell differentiation and ultimately bone-implant interactions. Basic science and translational research have revealed important potential applications for nanotechnology in orthopaedic surgery, particularly with regard to improving the interaction between implants and host bone. Nanophase materials more closely match the architecture of native trabecular bone, thereby greatly improving the osseo-integration of orthopaedic implants. Nanophase-coated prostheses can also reduce bacterial adhesion more than conventionally surfaced prostheses. Nanophase selenium has shown great promise when used for tumour reconstructions, as has nanophase silver in the management of traumatic wounds. Nanophase silver may significantly improve healing of peripheral nerve injuries, and nanophase gold has powerful anti-inflammatory effects on tendon inflammation. Considerable advances must be made in our understanding of the potential health risks of production, implantation and wear patterns of nanophase devices before they are approved for clinical use. Their potential, however, is considerable, and is likely to benefit us all in the future. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B: 569-73.

Hip Reconstruction Osteotomy By Ilizarov Method As A Salvage Option For Abnormal Hip Joints, Masood Umer, Haroon Rashid, Hafiz Muhammad Umer, Hasnain Raza

Department of Radiology

Hip joint instability can be secondary to congenital hip pathologies like developmental dysplasia (DDH) or acquired such as sequel of infective or neoplastic process. An unstable hip is usually associated with loss of bone from the proximal femur, proximal migration of the femur, lower-extremity length discrepancy, abnormal gait, and pain. In this case series of 37 patients coming to our institution between May 2005 and December 2011, we report our results in treatment of unstable hip joint by hip reconstruction osteotomy using the Ilizarov method and apparatus. This includes an acute valgus and extension osteotomy of the proximal femur combined …

Assessing Function And Endurance In Adults With Spinal And Bulbar Muscular Atrophy: Validity Of The Adult Myopathy Assessment Tool, Michael O. Harris-Love, Lindsey E. Rhodes, Galen Joe, Joseph A. Shrader, Sungyoung Auh, Cheunju Chen, Li Li, Ellen Levy, Todd E. Davenport, Nicholas Diprospero, Kenneth H. Fischbeck

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

Purpose. The adult myopathy assessment tool (AMAT) is a performance-based battery comprised of functional and endurance subscales that can be completed in approximately 30 minutes without the use of specialized equipment. The purpose of this study was to determine the construct validity and internal consistency of the AMAT with a sample of adults with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). Methods. AMAT validity was assessed in 56-male participants with genetically confirmed SBMA (mean age, 53 ± 10 years). The participants completed the AMAT and assessments for disease status, strength, and functional status. Results. Lower AMAT scores were associated with longer …

Effects Of Music Intervention On The Patient’S Perception Of Pain After Knee Replacement Surgery, Heather E. Hooks

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine whether therapeutic music affects the patient’s perception of pain, postoperative day 1 after knee replacement surgery in an inpatient hospital. In addition to the patient’s pain levels, the study was an analysis of the quantity of opioids the patient was requested, the length of stay, and the physiological parameters, which included blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation. Sixty knee replacement patients were randomly placed in the music group or the quiet group. The Faces Pain Scale Revised with Numeric Rating Scale was used to measure pain levels. Statistical analysis …

Performance Evaluation Of Material Decomposition Using Rapid Kvp-Switching Dual-Energy Ct For Assessing Bone Mineral Density, John M. Wait

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Osteoporosis is diagnosed by assessing the bone mineral density (BMD) of the trabecular bone, and has previously been characterized with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or single-energy computed tomography (SECT). Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is able to create two three-dimensional sets of images representing the densities of two materials in a given basis pair. DECT is theoretically capable of providing a true density measurement of trabecular bone material with the proper material basis pair.

Using the rapid kVp-switching GE HD750 scanner, the concentrations of various solutes were assessed in two-material syringe-phantoms in different experimental conditions with DECT material density images, SECT …