Medical Specialties Commons^™

Characterizing Children With Chronic Kidney Disease And Severe Proteinuria In The United States: A Retrospective Analysis Using Electronic Health Records., Bradley A. Warady, Simone Heeg, Alfredo E. Farjat, Rachel Knapp, Siir Su Saydam, Alexander Vowinkel, Alain Gay, James Potts, Andrea Scalise, Gordana Atanackovic, Sascha Van Boemmel-Wegmann

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: In recent years, real-world data have been increasingly used to enrich data from interventional studies on treatment effectiveness. To explore the viability of hybrid study designs in pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD), we assessed the feasibility of identifying a real-world cohort of children with CKD and severely increased proteinuria who satisfied adapted eligibility criteria from the FIONA trial.

METHODS: We used data from the Optum® de-identified Electronic Health Record dataset (Optum® EHR) to identify and characterize children with CKD and severely increased proteinuria in records from January 2013 to December 2022. Patients were identified based on two sets of …

Touch Contamination And Associated Peritonitis In Children Undergoing Maintenance Peritoneal Dialysis., Rebecca G. Same, Natalie K. Grills, Sreejata Dutta, Alicia M. Neu, Bradley A. Warady, Brandy Begin

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Infections are a leading cause of hospitalization and death in children receiving maintenance peritoneal dialysis (PD). Touch contamination is an established risk factor for development of peritonitis, but data regarding optimal management of touch contamination are limited.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data submitted to the Standardizing Care to Improve Outcomes in Pediatric End Stage Kidney Disease (SCOPE) collaborative between 10/1/2011 and 7/31/2025 to evaluate touch contamination in children. Reported touch contamination events and their management, including administration of prophylactic antibiotics and transfer set changes, were evaluated. Univariate and multivariable generalized linear mixed modeling were used …

Impact Of Neighborhood And Individual Social Drivers Of Health On Outcomes Following Congenital Heart Surgery., Andrew Well, Heather Van Diest, Brett R. Anderson, Wei Zhang, Kathleen Carberry, Alexandra Lamari-Fisher, Jeremy Affolter, Erin A Gottlieb, Jeffery P. Jacobs, Charles D. Fraser, Carlos M. Mery

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background Despite advances in congenital heart surgery (CHS) and improvements in outcomes, disparities continue to exist. Social Drivers of Health (SDoH) have been associated with many aspects of health and wellness including congenital heart disease. The goal was to evaluate the impact of individual and neighborhood-level SDoH on outcomes following CHS.

Methods Retrospective review of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database from 2014 to 2022 linked via ZIP code with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). ZIP codes were ranked by their SVI score with the first quintile the least vulnerable and …

Relationship Extraction For Adverse Drug Events In Clinical Notes Using Large Language Models: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study, Joseph M Plasek, Yiming Li, Mary G Amato, Dinah Foer, Diane L Seger, Shayma Alzaidi, Huiyuan Zhou, Gretchen Purcell Jackson, David W Bates, Li Zhou

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Adverse drug events (ADEs) are a critical indicator of patient safety but are often documented only in free-text clinical notes. The potential of recent advances in natural language processing (NLP), particularly generative large language models (LLMs), to identify ADEs remains understudied. This study aimed to compare the performance of multiple LLMs in identifying ADE-Drug relationships in inpatient and ambulatory clinical notes.

Methods: We used clinical notes from the 2018 National NLP Clinical Challenge (n2c2) ADE dataset (inpatient; n = 505) and from outpatient encounters (n = 2555) between October 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019, at a large academic …

Natural History Of Pi-Rads 3 Lesions On Serial Prostate Mpmri, Ron Marom, Yuval Rand, Meitar Atias, Sophie Barnes, Ibrahim Fahoum, Gal Keren-Paz, Mario Sofer, Ofer Yossepowitch, Snir Dekalo, Avi Beri, Roy Mano

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: PI-RADS 3 lesions on prostate multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) are indeterminate findings with debated management. We evaluated their radiologic evolution on follow-up mpMRI and correlated imaging changes with biopsy outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively identified 166 men with at least one PI-RADS 3 lesion on initial mpMRI and at least one follow-up mpMRI without intervening treatment. Lesions were classified at follow-up as regressed (downgraded to PI-RADS ≤ 2), stable (remained PI-RADS 3), or progressed (upgraded to PI-RADS 4-5). Lesions were stratified by zonal location. MRI-targeted biopsy results were reviewed when available (n = 64).

Results: On follow-up, 52% of lesions regressed, …

Comparative Performance Of Predictive Nomograms For Pathological Upstaging In Clinical T1 Renal Masses: An Independent External Validation, Michael Vainrib, Amos Neheman, Omri Schwarztuch Gildor

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Preoperative identification of pathological upstaging (≥ pT3a) in clinical T1 (cT1) renal masses is critical for surgical planning. We externally validated three established predictive models, Barra, Nocera, and Mei, to assess their discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility in a contemporary cohort.

Patients and methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients undergoing surgery for cT1 renal masses at our institution. The primary endpoint was pathological upstaging to pT3a. Model performance was evaluated using the Area Under the Curve (AUC) for discrimination and the Brier Score for overall accuracy. Calibration was assessed using parametric and nonparametric Loess-smoothed curves. Clinical utility was quantified using …

Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Complications In Neonates With Kidney Failure., Shannon Reinert, Maanasa Yarlagadda, Alexander Bondoc, Donna Claes, Stefanie Riddle, Meredith P. Schuh

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Neonates with kidney failure require placement of a peritoneal dialysis catheter (PD-C) shortly after birth. PD-C malfunction and peritonitis, both common in this population, are associated with PD failure. The aim of this study was to describe our center's PD-C-related practices and outcomes in neonates with kidney failure.

METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of neonates who required kidney replacement therapy (KRT) within the first 30 days of life from 01/2018-12/2023. We evaluated for PD-C duration, PD-C replacement or revision, and peritonitis.

RESULTS: Twenty-four neonates had PD-C placed for chronic dialysis at a median of 9.7 days and …

Ambulatory Blood Pressure Thresholds And Left Ventricular Hypertrophy In Children Aged 6-12 Years: A Pediatric Nephrology Research Consortium Study., Afsana Jahan, Matthew Schuchman, Mahie Abdullah, Meghan Mclaughlin, Emilia Maria Cadiz, Eshanika Manchanda, Aftab Chishti, Maggie Murphy, Sarah Twichell, Alexandra Mazo, Dmitry Samsonov, Aesha Maniar, Hannah Kim, Francis Lomanta, Ashok Chakravarthy Patibandla, Rachel Frank, Tarak Srivastava, Ikuyo Yamaguchi, Christine Sethna

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) thresholds for predicting left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in children aged 6-12 years.

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective, multicenter study was conducted across 11 Pediatric Nephrology Research Consortium sites and included children aged 6-12 years who underwent ABPM and 2-dimensional echocardiography for diagnostic assessment of elevated BP. The diagnostic accuracy of fixed ABPM thresholds and the current 95th percentile for sex and height were assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic, sensitivity, specificity, and Youden index. Multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index z-score, …

Cytogenetic And Molecular Findings In Hydrops-Related Mirror Syndrome, Brian A Burnett, Christian M Parobek, Jessian L Munoz, Lauren E Westerfield, Kristi Poling, Cara Buskmiller, Amir A Shamshirsaz, Roopali V Donepudi, Ignatia B Van Den Veyver, Magdalena Sanz Cortes, Michael A Belfort, Ahmed A Nassr

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: Mirror syndrome is a rare, life-threatening condition in which maternal fluid overload mirrors fetal hydrops. Data on genetic findings in affected pregnancies are limited. We compared genetic diagnoses in hydrops cases with and without mirror syndrome.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study (2012-2023) of pregnancies with non-immune hydrops at a single fetal center. Clinical data along with prenatal and postnatal genetic testing results were analyzed. Mirror syndrome was defined as fetal hydrops with new or worsening hypertension and significant maternal edema. Genetic testing rates and diagnostic yields were compared between the groups.

Results: Of the 192 cases, 140 …

Operative Vs Non-Operative Management Of Ventral Hernia: A Population Based Study Of Long-Term Benefits And Consequences, Sourav Podder, Julia A. Baran, Scott H. Koeneman, Francesco Palazzo, Nicole L. Dugan, Christopher Keating, Sami Tannouri

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

Purpose: Ventral hernia (VH) management has progressed beyond simply physical repair of the defect. It now involves a strategy that purposefully restores abdominal core function and prevents future complications. This study investigates the association between ventral hernia repair (VHR) and functional disorders related to the abdominal core in addition to bowel obstruction, opioid misuse, and physical therapy utilization.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used administrative codes from the TriNetX database. The outcomes of interest were spine and pelvic floor dysfunction, constipation, incontinence, genital prolapse, bowel obstruction, opioid misuse, and physical therapy utilization.

Results: A total of 587 384 patients were …

Association Between Nonsyndromic Congenital Heart Disease And Childhood Cancer In A Population-Based, Retrospective Cohort Of 11 Million Children, Sonja A Rasmussen, Emily J Mason, Tania A Desrosiers, Charles J Shumate, Wendy N Nembhard, Mahsa M Yazdy, Eirini Nestoridi, Amanda E Janitz, Jean Paul Tanner, Russell S Kirby, Jason L Salemi, Chad D Huff, Sharon E Plon, Shaine A Morris, Philip J Lupo

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated associations between congenital heart disease (CHD) and childhood cancer. However, these assessments have not fully accounted for the pathogenetic and clinical heterogeneity of CHD, limiting their capacity to inform pathogenetic studies and the clinical management of children with CHD.

Methods: To achieve a more detailed understanding of cancer risk in children with nonsyndromic CHD, we evaluated 60 cardiac lesions in 7 categories in a cohort of 11 million children from Massachusetts, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Texas. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of cancer in children …

Primary Care Use And Kidney Transplant Outcomes Among Patients On Hemodialysis - A Cohort Study, Dustin Le, Hatem Najar, Zoheb Backer, Rohanit Singh, Byoungjun Kim, Anna Flattau, Morgan E. Grams, Laura Plantinga, Bernard G. Jaar

Division of Nephrology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND

Kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment for kidney failure, but whether primary care use among those on dialysis is associated with increased rates of kidney transplantation is unknown.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using United States Renal Data System (USRDS) and Medicare Parts A, B, and D claims to estimate the association between any primary care use (vs none) and both kidney transplantation and "active" kidney transplant waitlisting. Primary care use was defined as ≥ 1 outpatient visit to a family, general, geriatric, or internal medicine provider from January 1^st, 2018 to December 31^{st …}

Posaconazole Target Attainment In Critically Ill Children: A 15-Year Single-Center Retrospective Analysis., Kathryn Pavia, Addison M. Pritchett Ms, Jennifer Goldman

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Posaconazole is a triazole antifungal agent used for prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal diseases. Posaconazole has high inter-individual variability in dose-exposure relationship and benefits from therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Adult studies report particularly high rates of subtherapeutic exposure among intensive care unit (ICU) patients related to changes in physiology during critical illness. The rates of subtherapeutic posaconazole exposure among critically ill children in ICU's are unknown. This single-center retrospective analysis at a large freestanding children's hospital used TDM results from 2010 to 2025 obtained while patients were undergoing care in a pediatric ICU. Therapeutic targets were ≥ 1.0 mg/L …

Postoperative Complications In Patients With Sickle Cell Disease After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty, Katie Zehner, Gwyneth C. Maloy, John Slevin, Wesley Day, Mitchell K. Ng, Xuan Luo, Jonathan N. Grauer, Arya G. Varthi

Rothman Institute Papers

BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) encompasses a spectrum of genetic hematologic disorders characterized by erythrocyte sickling. Patients may experience musculoskeletal manifestations, such as osteonecrosis, which may warrant consideration for total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). While prior literature suggests patients with SCD more frequently suffer complications after orthopaedic procedures, this is not well characterized for TSA.

METHODS: Adult TSA patients (older than 18 years) were identified in the 2010 to 2023 PearlDiver M170 database. Patients with SCD were matched 1:4 to patients without SCD based on age, sex, and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI). Ninety-day postoperative complications, emergency department (ED) visits, and readmissions …

Timing Of Isotretinoin Exposure And Early Postoperative Complications After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Areeb Ahmad, Ronald J. Shamus, Kassem Ghayyad, Daryl C. Osbahr, Adam J. Money, Michael G. Ciccotti, George J. Richard

Rothman Institute Papers

INTRODUCTION: Isotretinoin (ITN) is widely prescribed for severe acne in adolescents and young adults, a population where anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is commonly performed. Long-standing concerns about impaired wound healing have prompted many surgeons to delay procedures, despite limited orthopaedic-specific evidence. This retrospective case series evaluates early postoperative clinical complications in patients with documented ITN exposure undergoing ACLR.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed primary ACLR cases from 2015 to 2025 at a multisite orthopaedic practice with documented ITN exposure within 12 months of surgery and at least 3 months of follow-up. ITN exposure was categorized as perioperative (≤10 days), recent …

Beyond Resection: Determinants Of Outcome After Pediatric Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Surgery, Goran Tasić, Aleksandar Janićijević, Jelena Kostić, Aleksandar Milosavljević, Nikola Jovićević, Nikola Repac, Igor Nikolić, Ana Tasić, Maša Radovanović, Vladimir Jovanović

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background and Objectives: brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a leading cause of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in children and carry a disproportionately high lifetime hemorrhagic risk.

Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical, morphological, and surgical factors associated with functional outcome in 30 consecutive pediatric patients (≤18 years) who underwent microsurgical AVM resection at a single tertiary neurosurgical center between January 2015 and December 2025.

Results: Functional status was assessed with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at hospital discharge and at 6–9 months of follow-up; the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Mann–Whitney U test, Fisher’s exact test, Spearman correlation, and univariable logistic regression …

Language-Serving Hospitals And Seven-Day Readmission Among Patients With A Non-English Primary Language, Benjamin G Allar, Rachel E Murphy, Regan W Bergmark, Esteban F Gershanik, Alicia Fernandez, Andrea L Pusic, Gregory L Peck, David W Bates, Gezzer Ortega

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objectives. To compare 7-day readmission among patients with a non-English primary language in language-serving versus non-language-serving hospitals.

Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the New Jersey State Inpatient Database (2010-2022). We identified 578 030 inpatient discharges home among patients with a non-English primary language. We used generalized linear mixed models to compare 7-day readmission between language-serving hospitals-defined as those with a higher proportion of patients with a non-English primary language-and non-language-serving hospitals.

Results. Patients with a non-English primary language were less likely to be readmitted within 7 days at language-serving versus non-language-serving hospitals (4.8% vs 9.8%; adjusted odds …

Prediction Model For Children With Anaphylaxis Who May Not Require Emergency Department Care: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study., Timothy E. Dribin, David Schnadower, Hugh A. Sampson, Yin Zhang, Nanhua Zhang, Stephen B. Freedman, Mark I. Neuman, David C. Brousseau, Rakesh D. Mistry, Stephanie Boyd, Yonatan Wolnerman, Patrick S. Walsh, Craig Vander Wyst, Vandana Thapar, Jonathan Strutt, Geetanjali Srivastava, Nidhi V. Singh, Christopher J. Russo, Christian D. Pulcini, Thuy L. Ngo, Jo-Ann O. Nesiama, Matthew M. Moake, Ashley M. Metcalf, Tamar R. Lubell, Juhee Lee, Chari D. Larsen, Karen Y. Kwan, Curtis L. Knoles, Kajal Khanna, Julia F. Freeman, Justin R. Davis, Alicia Daggett, Joanna S. Cohen, Ari R. Cohen, Wee-Jhong Chua, Sri S. Chinta, Brittany Boswell, Kelly R. Bergmann, Paul L. Aronson, Kenneth A. Michelson

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: The 2023 US Anaphylaxis Practice Parameter indicated that some patients receiving epinephrine in the community might avoid emergency department (ED) visits; however, the criteria and safety of this approach remain unproven.

OBJECTIVE: To derive and validate a clinical prediction model for identifying children at risk of receiving epinephrine after arriving at the ED.

METHODS: We conducted a 31-center retrospective cohort study of children aged 6 months to less than 18 years who received 1 prehospital dose of epinephrine for allergic reactions between 2016 and 2019. The outcome was receipt of epinephrine after ED arrival. We used least absolute shrinkage …

Cerebellar Atrophy In Pediatric-Onset Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia Syndrome: A Large International Cohort Study, Kumaran Deiva, Andrea Klein, Ming Lim, Thomas Rossor, Elizabeth A Sokol, Yasmin Khakoo, Nikita Malani Shukla, Timothy E Lotze, Wendy G Mitchell, Sarah Hopkins, Bo Zhang, Mark P Gorman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background and objectives: Pediatric-onset opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome (POOMAS) is a rare, neuroinflammatory syndrome that targets the cerebellum and can cause irreversible cerebellar structural changes, namely cerebellar atrophy. We investigated the frequency of cerebellar atrophy, as well as associated risk factors and functional outcome measures, using the largest active POOMAS registry.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of participants with POOMAS with disease onset from 1995 to 2025 using data from the multinational, multicenter POOMAS registry. Variables were compared between the cerebellar atrophy subgroups using the Fisher exact test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

Results: Of participants with follow-up imaging, cerebellar atrophy …

Diagnostic Testing After Positive Cell-Free Dna Screening For Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies: Clinical And Socioeconomic Determinants, Blair K Stevens, Sarah Araji, Mohamad Ali Maktabi, Randy Liu, Lauren Westerfield, Michael Wassef, Dejian Lai, Ignatia B Van Den Veyver, Meera Krishnan, Charlotte Lawrence, Siddharth K Prakash

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: To assess socioeconomic and medical factors associated with prenatal confirmatory diagnostic testing after positive prenatal cell-free (cfDNA) screening for sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCA) in a diverse contemporary patient cohort.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who had abnormal prenatal cfDNA screening results indicative of SCA and were seen for genetic counseling between 2014 and 2024 at two tertiary academic medical centers. We used logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association of demographic and clinical factors with confirmatory testing.

Results: Of the 692 patients with abnormal cfDNA results, 26% (n = 180) underwent diagnostic testing. These patients …

Variation In Meningioma Recurrence Risk Estimates Across Observational Cohorts: The Influence Of Calendar Time, Who Classifications, Geographical Settings, And Healthcare Systems, Christian Mirian, Lasse Rehné Jensen, Adam Gorm Hoffmann, Tareq A Juratli, Anders Broechner, Sverre H Torp, Helen A Shih, Ramin A Morshed, Jacob S Young, Stephen T Magill, Luca Bertero, Walter Stummer, Dorothee Cäcilia Spille, Benjamin Brokinkel, Soichi Oya, Satoru Miyawaki, Nobuhito Saito, Martin Proescholdt, Yasuhiro Kuroi, Konstantinos Gousias, Matthias Simon, Jennifer Moliterno, Ricardo Prat-Acin, Stéphane Goutagny, Vikram C Prabhu, John T Tsiang, Johannes Wach, Erdem Güresir, Junkoh Yamamoto, Young Zoon Kim, Joo Ho Lee, Daniel W Kim, Matthew Koshy, Karthikeyan Perumal, Mustafa K Baskaya, Donald M Cannon, Dennis C Shrieve, Chang-Ok Suh, Jong Hee Chang, Maria Kamenova, Sven Straumann, Jehuda Soleman, Ilker Y Eyüpoglu, Tony Catalan, Austin Lui, Philip V Theodosopoulos, Michael W Mcdermott, Fang Wang, Pedro Góes, Manoel Antonio De Paiva Neto, Ricardo Komotar, Michael E Ivan, Aria Jamshidi, Evan Luther, Luis Souhami, Marie-Christine Guiot, Tamás Csonka, Toshiki Endo, Olivia Claire Barrett, Randy Jensen, Tejpal Gupta, Akash J Patel, Tiemo J Klisch, Jun Won Kim, Francesco Maiuri, Valeria Barresi, María Dolores Tabernero, Simon Skyrman, Ian Law, Bjarne Winther Kristensen, Tina Nørgaard Munch, Torstein Meling, Kåre Fugleholm, Paul Blanche, Tiit Mathiesen, Andrea Daniela Maier

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Purpose: Recurrence risk estimates underpin meningioma research, including molecular classification and clinical trial benchmarking, yet are often based on retrospective or historical data. The aim of this study was to assess the variation of recurrence risk estimates across calendar periods, WHO classification editions, geographical settings, and healthcare systems.thetermine METHODS: We analyzed 4,111 patients with primary WHO-1/-2 meningiomas from 31 centers in 15 countries (1990-2019). Recurrence was defined according to local radiological assessment. The 5- and 10-year recurrence risks were estimated using regression standardization with inverse probability of censoring weights, adjusting for key clinical, surgical, and histopathological variables.

Results: Recurrence risk …

Valvular Heart Failure Is A Distinct Heart Transplant Phenotype With Comparable Adjusted Survival To Other Heart Failure Etiologies, Devon Kelley, Varun Kathawate, Joyce Ho, Andrew Belec, Takahiro Tashima, Kazuhiro Ueno, Jessica Dominic, Pavan Atluri

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: Valvular heart failure (VHF) accounts for 1-5% of heart transplant listings. Comparative outcomes relative to other heart failure etiologies remain poorly characterized. This study defines the VHF phenotype and compares waitlist and transplant outcomes to other heart failure recipients.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study uses the UNOS thoracic transplant database to analyze adult, first-time, heart-only listings with a diagnosis of heart disease. Patients were grouped by diagnosis as VHF or non-VHF. The primary outcome was waitlist events; post-transplant survival and outcomes were secondary analyses. Subgroup analysis was performed in the post-2018 allocation era.

RESULTS: VHF recipients were older (55.3 …

Predictors Of Adalimumab Durability In Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Multicenter Cohort Study, Albert T. Young, Arashleen Pannu, Alexander Velaoras, Roland Leyson, Rayad B. Shams, Alexandra Turfe, Andrea Dai, Mohsen Mokhtari, Sarah Bassett, Joshua Vazhappilly, Richard W. Hass, Iltefat Hamzavi, Christopher J. Sayed, Qing-Sheng Mi, Sherry Yang

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Adalimumab is widely used for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), but treatment durability varies and predictors of sustained benefit remain uncertain.

OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical and laboratory factors associated with adalimumab treatment durability in HS.

METHODS: We retrospectively studied 135 adults with HS who initiated adalimumab as first biologic therapy across three academic centers from 2013 to 2023. Outcomes were categorized as primary failure (12-24 weeks), secondary failure (24 weeks-2 years), or sustained response (>2 years) based on discontinuation for inefficacy. Predictors of treatment durability were evaluated using ordinal logistic regression.

RESULTS: In univariable analyses, Hurley stage 3, higher body …

Race And Ethnicity And Overall Survival In Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Daniel J. Zheng, Long Khuong, Catherine Aftandilian, Kira Bona, Emi H. Caywood, Caitlin W. Elgarten, Brian T. Fisher, Cody-Aaron L. Gathers, Taumoha Ghosh, M. Monica Gramatges, Gary Hettinger, Meret R. Henry, Yuan-Shung V Huang, Yimei Li, Kelly Maloney, Amir Mian, Tamara P Miller, Arunkumar Modi, Rajen Mody, Regina M. Myers, Haley Newman, Jose Ortiz, Alix E. Seif, Caroline Smith, Jamie Stokke, Naomi Winick, Jennifer J. Wilkes, Victor Wong, Richard Aplenc, Kelly D. Getz

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

IMPORTANCE: Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black (hereafter, Black) children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have historically experienced worse survival outcomes compared with non-Hispanic White (hereafter, White) children. Understanding specific intermediate pathways underlying these outcome disparities is a critical step to directing interventional efforts and resources.

OBJECTIVE: To compare survival outcomes by race and ethnicity in a large contemporary cohort of pediatric patients with AML and to examine presentation acuity, frontline organ toxic effects, and relapse as potential mediators of any observed outcome disparities.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study was analyzed from April 2025 to January 2026 and included …

Young-Onset Stroke In The Uae: A Single-Centre Retrospective Analysis Of Risk Factors And Outcomes, Sobia Siddiq, Saryia Adra, Kamel A. Samara, Batool Aldaher, Mohamad Emad Aldeen Mahfouz, Nour Sakan, Fathima Musfira, Roomiyah Riyaz Assadi, Ahlam Mohamed Almarzooqi, Hiba Jawdat Barqawi, Eman Abu-Gharbieh

Abington Jefferson Health Papers

BACKGROUND: Young-onset stroke represents a growing public health concern, yet data from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) remain limited. This study aimed to examine the risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with young-onset stroke in the UAE.

METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted on 419 patients aged below 50 years who were admitted at Al Qassimi Hospital, Sharjah, UAE, with a diagnosis of stroke between 2016 and 2022. Data on demographics, comorbidities, stroke subtype, management, and outcomes were collected and analyzed using Python-based statistical libraries.

RESULTS: The study population comprised predominantly of male individuals (78.28%), with most patients originating …

Impact Of Trisomy 21 On Post Pull-Through Enterocolitis And Bowel Function In Children With Hirschsprung Disease: A Pcplc Analysis., Marshall W. Wallace, Scott S. Short, Rachel C. Crady, Ron W. Reeder, Hira Ahmad, Kelly Austin, Andrea Badillo, Casey M. Calkins, Megan M. Durham, Julie R. Fuchs, Christopher Gayer, Julia E. Grabowski, Jamie C. Harris, Charles R. Hong, Ankur Rana, Rebecca M. Rentea, Nelson Rosen, Payam Saadai, Caitlin A. Smith, K Elizabeth Speck, Cristine S. Velazco, Richard J. Wood, Michael D. Rollins

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

INTRODUCTION: We evaluated whether Trisomy 21 (T21) affected bowel management use, ability to toilet train for stool, and rates of Hirschsprung-Associated Enterocolitis (HAEC) in children with Hirschsprung disease (HD). We hypothesized that T21 would be associated with increased rates of HAEC, bowel management program (BMP) use, and delayed toilet training for stool.

METHODS: Children with HD in the Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Learning Consortium (PCPLC) database who underwent primary pull-through were included and stratified by T21 status: HD only versus HD + T21. Children requiring a redo pull-through, initially managed with a stoma, or those who had inadequate follow-up were …

All-Cause And Cause-Specific Mortality In Gambling Disorder: Evidence From A Nation-Wide Matched And Sibling Cohort Study In Taiwan, Yang-Chieh Brian Chen, Chih-Wei Hsu, Liang-Jen Wang, Mu-Hong Chen, Yao-Hsu Yang, Chih-Sung Liang, Edward Chia-Cheng Lai

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background and aims: Gambling disorder (GD) has been linked to suicidal ideation and suicide deaths; however, evidence on all-cause and cause-specific mortality-particularly in Asian populations-remains limited. Using a retrospective cohort study based on nationwide matched and sibling cohort, we investigated all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk in patients with GD.

Design, setting and participants: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using 2000-2022 data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. A cohort of 961 individuals diagnosed with GD was identified. An age- and sex-matched control cohort (n = 3,844) and an unaffected sibling cohort (n = 675) were constructed. Cumulative survival …

Indications, Techniques, And Safety Of Cryotherapy And Cryobiopsy Via Flexible Bronchoscopy In Pediatric Patients, Aoife Corcoran, Lauren M C Grant, Antoinette Wannes Daou, Sin Tran, Esra Caylan, Alfin Vicencio, Dan T Benscoter, Cherie A Torres-Silva, Sara M Zak, Gregory Burg, Lisa R Young, Pelton Phinizy, Shailendra Das, Richard Paul Boesch, Erik B Hysinger, Joseph Piccione

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Rationale: Cryotherapy and its diagnostic analogue, cryobiopsy, are emerging techniques via bronchoscopy with a wide range of clinical applications. While the use of cryotherapy and cryobiopsy has been established in adult pulmonary medicine, pediatric data describing the indications, procedural specifics, outcomes, and complications are limited.

Objective: To describe the indications, procedural specifics, outcomes, and complications of cryotherapy and cryobiopsy use in pediatric bronchoscopy.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective observational study was conducted at 5 pediatric hospitals in the United States. Patients aged 0 to 21 years who underwent cryotherapy or cryobiopsy via bronchoscopy between January 2017 and January 2025 were included. …

Vitamin B6 Predicts Poor Outcomes In Geographically Distinct Populations With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Brian D Juran, Elizabeth J Atkinson, Erik M Schlicht, Jackie K Bianchi, Bryan M Mccauley, Sara K V Tjønnfjord, Hólmfríður Helgadottir, Per M Ueland, Arve Ulvik, Peter Sauer, Trine Folseraas, Tom H Karlsen, Mette Vesterhus, Michael T Dill, Konstantinos N Lazaridis, Johannes R Hov

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background & aims: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) has a variable disease course, complicating patient counseling and the timing of liver transplantation. Vitamin B6 deficiency predicts reduced liver transplantation-free survival in Scandinavian PSC cohorts. Here, we aimed to validate this observation in US and German PSC cohorts and to expand our analyses to include hepatic decompensation as a clinical outcome.

Methods: Serum active vitamin B6 (pyridoxal 5'-phosphate [PLP]) was analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in retrospective cohorts of people with PSC from Norway (n = 315), the USA (n = 756), and Germany (n = 149). Cox proportional hazards and …

Deep Learning-Based Comparison Of Knee Minimum Joint Space Width In Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis And Osteoarthritis Before Total Knee Arthroplasty, Kellen L Mulford, Cassondra A Hulshizer, Elizabeth J Atkinson, Cody C Wyles, John M Davis, Gavin A Mckenzie, Cynthia S Crowson

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: Although both osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can necessitate total knee arthroplasty (TKA), their mechanisms and radiographic patterns of joint space narrowing (JSN) differ. Deep learning (DL) enables compartment-specific measurement of minimum joint space width (mJSW). This study compared JSN patterns between patients with RA and OA undergoing TKA and evaluated the associations between mJSW and RA disease activity.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 409 patients with RA undergoing TKA (2000-2021) were age- and sex-matched with OA patients. A validated DL model quantified medial and lateral mJSW from anteroposterior knee radiographs at 2 timepoints: early (> 2 years …