Medical Specialties Commons^™

Diagnostic Accuracy Of Ultrasonography For Rotator Cuff Tears: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Ali S Farooqi, Alexander Lee, David Novikov, Ann Marie Kelly, Xinning Li, John D Kelly, Robert L Parisien

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Background: With recent improvements in transducer strength, image resolution, and operator training, ultrasound (US) provides an excellent alternative imaging modality for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of US for partial- and full-thickness rotator cuff tears and biceps tendon tears, compare diagnostic values with those of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using arthroscopy as the reference standard, assess longitudinal improvements in accuracy, and compare diagnostic values from operators with different training backgrounds.

Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods: The PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for full-text journal articles published …

Supplementary Material For: Ex Vivo Thrombus Mr Imaging Features And Patient Clinical Data Enable Prediction Of Acute Ischemic Stroke Cause, Spencer D. Christiansen

Robarts Vascular Research Publications

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL to:

Ex Vivo Thrombus Magnetic ResonanceImaging Features and Patient Clinical DataEnable Prediction of Acute Ischemic Stroke Cause https://doi.org/10.1161/SVIN.121.000157

Spencer D. Christiansen, PhD,1,2 Junmin Liu, PhD,1 Maria Bres Bullrich, MD,3 Manas Sharma, MD,4 Sachin K. Pandey, MD,4 Melfort Boulton, MD, PhD,3 Sebastian Fridman, MD, MPH,3 Luciano A. Sposato, MD, MBA,3 and Maria Drangova, PhD1,2

1 Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada,

2 Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada,

3 Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada,

4 Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

Apathy And Brain Atrophy During The First Year Of Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Longitudinal Study, Gulnaz Kudoiarova

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Apathy, defined as disinterest and loss of motivation, is a common complication after moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI). The existing body of research in various neurological and neurodegenerative disorders suggests that apathetic symptoms may be associated with variation in the volume of the brain regions such as dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and ventral striatum. However, the longitudinal pattern of TBI-induced atrophy in these key regions and its relationship with apathy symptoms remain to be demonstrated. The current study aimed to describe the atrophy pattern in the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc; part of ventral striatum) after …

Comparing Semi-Automated Segmentation Of Traditional-Resolution And High-Resolution Hyperpolarized 129xe Mri On Covid-19 Survivors, Tingting Wu

Undergraduate Student Research Internships Conference

Hyperpolarized gas MRI using inert gases like Xe is a valuable tool in visualizing lung ventilation in patients, and can be used as a longitudinal monitoring tool for patients with lung diseases. However, use of this method requires segmentation and quantification of parameters such as ventilation defect percentage (VDP), which is often very subjective depending on the observer. This study aimed to determine the accuracy and consistency of VDP calculation using the same MRI scans from COVID-19 patients, but with high resolution and low (traditional) resolution versions. Using a MATLAB script developed previously, it was found that in general, using …

Developing Methods To Detect And Diagnose Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy During Life: Rationale, Design, And Methodology For The Diagnose Cte Research Project, Jeffrey Cummings, Numerous Authors, See Full List Below

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease that has been neuropathologically diagnosed in brain donors exposed to repetitive head impacts, including boxers and American football, soccer, ice hockey, and rugby players. CTE cannot yet be diagnosed during life. In December 2015, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke awarded a seven-year grant (U01NS093334) to fund the “Diagnostics, Imaging, and Genetics Network for the Objective Study and Evaluation of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (DIAGNOSE CTE) Research Project.” The objectives of this multicenter project are to: develop in vivo fluid and neuroimaging biomarkers for CTE; characterize its clinical presentation; refine …

Aducanumab: Appropriate Use Recommendations, Jeffrey Cummings, P. Aisen, L. G. Apostolova, A. Atri, S. Salloway, M. Weiner

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Aducanumab has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Clinicians require guidance on the appropriate use of this new therapy. An Expert Panel was assembled to construct Appropriate Use Recommendations based on the participant populations, conduct of the pivotal trials of aducanumab, updated Prescribing Information, and expert consensus. Aducanumab is an amyloid-targeting monoclonal antibody delivered by monthly intravenous infusions. The pivotal trials included patients with early AD (mild cognitive impairment due to AD and mild AD dementia) who had confirmed brain amyloid using amyloid positron tomography. The Expert Panel recommends that use …

Machine Learning Classification Of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Versus Healthy Controls Using Arterial Spin Labeled Perfusion Mri, Vanessa I. Grass

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of death and disability worldwide, yet accurate in vivo detection of TBI neuropathology remains challenging due to complexities in the structural and functional changes observed post-injury as well as limitations in conventional neuroimaging modalities. Although advanced neuroimaging techniques such as arterial spin labeling (ASL) can noninvasively assess cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes observed post-injury, this technique is underutilized in TBI research partly due to the low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) inherent in ASL imaging. The aim of the current study is to examine the use of machine learning, specifically a Support …

Initial Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis In The Emergency Department, Adam Kandil, James Espinosa, Henry Schuitema

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease consisting of inflammation, demyelination and loss of axon integrity in the central nervous system. Like many autoimmune diseases, its severity, initial presentation and symptomatology vary. MS is typically onset in young adults between twenty to forty years old, and has been found two-three times more likely in women than in men. As a chronic illness, like many others, it can present in the emergency department as an undifferentiated neurologic complaint. This is a case report of new onset multiple sclerosis in the emergency department, outlining the importance of a broad set of differential …

Imaging Based Prediction Of Pathology In Adult Diffuse Glioma With Applications To Therapy And Prognosis, Evan Gates

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

The overall aggressiveness of a glioma is measured by histologic and molecular analysis of tissue samples. However, the well-known spatial heterogeneity in gliomas limits the ability for clinicians to use that information to make spatially specific treatment decisions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visualizes and assesses the tumor. But, the exact degree to which MRI correlates with the actual underlying tissue characteristics is not known.

In this work, we derive quantitative relationships between imaging and underlying pathology. These relations increase the value of MRI by allowing it to be a better surrogate for underlying pathology and they allow evaluation of the …

Achieving Value In Spine Surgery: 10 Major Cost Contributors., Lucas R. Philipp, Adam Leibold, Aria Mahtabfar, Thiago Montenegro, Glenn Gonzalez, James Harrop

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

STUDY DESIGN: Narrative Review.

OBJECTIVES: The increasing cost of healthcare overall and for spine surgery, coupled with the growing burden of spine-related disease and rising demand have necessitated a shift in practice standards with a new emphasis on value-based care. Despite multiple attempts to reconcile the discrepancy between national recommendations for appropriate use and the patterns of use employed in clinical practice, resources continue to be overused-often in the absence of any demonstrable clinical benefit. The following discussion illustrates 10 areas for further research and quality improvement.

METHODS: We present a narrative review of the literature regarding 10 features in …

Downbeat Nystagmus In A 7-Year-Old Girl With Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Meningitis And Cerebellitis, Cameron A. Wade, David Neil Toupin, Kyle Darpel, Kimberly S. Jones, Donita D. Lightner

Neurology Faculty Publications

Downbeat nystagmus is a type of jerk nystagmus that may be seen in patients with lesions affecting the vestibulocerebellum. This is a case of a 7-year-old girl presenting with a history of fever, headache, and episodic vertigo with downbeat nystagmus. The diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus meningitis with acute cerebellitis was made by contrast magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and serum Epstein-Barr virus titers. Contrast magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated enhancement of the meninges and inferior cerebellar folia, correlating with the neuroophthalmological symptom of downbeat nystagmus.

Apolipoprotein E Genotype-Dependent Nutrigenetic Effects To Prebiotic Inulin For Modulating Systemic Metabolism And Neuroprotection In Mice Via Gut-Brain Axis, Lucille M. Yanckello, Jared D. Hoffman, Ya-Hsuan Chang, Penghui Lin, Geetika Nehra, George Chlipala, Scott D. Mcculloch, Tyler C. Hammond, Andrew T. Yackzan, Andrew N. Lane, Stefan J. Green, Anika M. S. Hartz, Ai-Ling Lin

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: The goal of the study was to identify the potential nutrigenetic effects to inulin, a prebiotic fiber, in mice with different human apolipoprotein E (APOE) genetic variants. Specifically, we compared responses to inulin for the potential modulation of the systemic metabolism and neuroprotection via gut-brain axis in mice with human APOE ϵ3 and ϵ4 alleles.

METHOD: We performed experiments with young mice expressing the human APOE3 (E3FAD mice and APOE4 gene (E4FAD mice). We fed mice with either inulin or control diet for 16 weeks starting from 3 months of age. We determined gut microbiome …

Assessment Of Major Depressive Disorders Through Neuroimaging Studies And Their Treatment Methods, Jevetha Vijayadasan, Diksha Raghunathan, Sivakumar Rajagopal, Rahul Soangra

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Many mental disorders are caused due to improper regulation of the brain and depression is one such. It affects both children and adults and is very common among teenagers. There are many challenges clinicians face regarding the management of this disease. These challenges have prompted the development of various neuroimaging techniques that effectively diagnose the condition. The main techniques are Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Positron emission tomography (PET) which have gained momentum over the years. Advanced MRI techniques help study certain regions of the brain such as hippocampus and amygdala. Effective treatments for depression include antidepressant medications and brain …

Identifying The Roadblocks To Successful Pediatric Imaging Without Sedation Or Anesthesia, Iman Soliman, Ammie M. White, Md, J. Christopher Edgar, Phd, Laura Cadge, Ccls, Margaret Hamel-Daymon, Crnp, Sandra Saade-Lemus, Md, Rochelle Bagatell, Md, Elizabeth T. Drum, Md, Lisa States, Md

Phase 1

Background: Modern imaging modalities allow for assessment of a wide array of medical conditions. Because it is difficult for young children to remain still during lengthy imaging studies, there is a need for sedation and general anesthesia (GA). A growing literature, however, suggests that there may be deleterious neurocognitive effects of sedation/GA in young children. As such, it is in our patients’ best interest to critically evaluate the use of sedation/GA.

Objective: To identify the roadblocks to obtaining clinical pediatric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams without sedation/GA.

Materials and Methods: Participants included 63 parents/guardians of 5- to 9-year-old patients who …

Mri-Guided Breast Biopsy, Makayla Franko

Medical Imaging Senior Posters

This project explains the role MRI has in performing breast biopsies. MR imaging is used along with mammogram and ultrasound to detect and monitor lesions. Traditional imaging of the breast is explained to understand how images of the breast are obtained. The grade of the lesion and how the lesion is found indicates the type of biopsy performed. MRI provides superior visibility for lesions within the breast. MRI-guided breast biopsies are indicated in patients with lesions only visible on MRI. The equipment required for an MRI-guided breast biopsy includes the breast coil, grid, and vacuum-assisted breast biopsy apparatus. Experienced breast …

Architectural Distortion With The Use Of Tomosynthesis, Madison Skwirut

Student Research Poster Presentations 2021

Abstract

Architectural distortion on digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) can occur due to benign and malignant causes. DBT is a mammographic technique that incorporates multiple angular projections of the breast to enable three-dimensional reconstruction while only compressing the breast once. DBT creates a better detection of distortion compared to a 2D mammography. Architectural distortion is found when the two breasts are compared and one breast has an abnormal tissue pattern. When examining the two breast with each other they should mirror one another, so when there is architectural distortion there could be contour abnormalities, trabecular thickening, and trabecular disorganization. When architectural …

Measuring Vastus Medialis Cross-Sectional Area With Panoramic Ultrasound Over Time, Kaitlin Minnehan, Elizabeth Scharnetzki, Kaitlyn Chin, Christina Holt, William Dexter

Costas T. Lambrew Research Retreat 2021

Panoramic ultrasound detected a statistically significant decrease in the VM CSA of participants after 70 days of bedrest without exercise.