Medical Specialties Commons^™

Risk Factors For The Development Of Retinopathy In Prediabetes And Type 2 Diabetes: The Diabetes Prevention Program Experience, Neil H White, Qing Pan, William C Knowler, Emily B Schroeder, Dana Dabelea, Emily Y Chew, Barbara Blodi, Ronald B Goldberg, Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Christine Darwin, Mathias Schlögl, David M Nathan

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: To determine glycemic and nonglycemic risk factors that contribute to the presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) before and after the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: During the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and DPP Outcome Study (DPPOS), we performed fundus photography over time in adults at high risk for developing T2D, including after they developed diabetes. Fundus photographs were graded using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grading system, with DR defined as typical lesions of DR (microaneurysms, exudates, hemorrhage, or worse) in either eye.

RESULTS: By DPPOS year 16 (∼20 years after random …

Adipose Tissue-Specific Ablation Of Ces1d Causes Metabolic Dysregulation In Mice, Gang Li, Xin Li, Li Yang, Shuyue Wang, Yulin Dai, Baharan Fekry, Lucas Veillon, Lin Tan, Rebecca Berdeaux, Kristin Eckel-Mahan, Philip L Lorenzi, Zhongming Zhao, Richard Lehner, Kai Sun

Journal Articles

Carboxylesterase 1d (Ces1d) is a crucial enzyme with a wide range of activities in multiple tissues. It has been reported to localize predominantly in ER. Here, we found that Ces1d levels are significantly increased in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Intriguingly, a high level of Ces1d translocates onto lipid droplets where it digests the lipids to produce a unique set of fatty acids. We further revealed that adipose tissue-specific Ces1d knock-out (FKO) mice gained more body weight with increased fat mass during a high fat-diet challenge. The FKO mice exhibited impaired glucose and lipid metabolism and developed exacerbated liver …

Guidelines On Models Of Diabetic Heart Disease, Lisa C Heather, Anne D Hafstad, Ganesh V Halade, Romain Harmancey, Kimberley M Mellor, Paras K Mishra, Erin E Mulvihill, Miranda Nabben, Michinari Nakamura, Oliver J Rider, Matthieu Ruiz, Adam R Wende, John R Ussher

Journal Articles

Diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. As cardiovascular disease represents the number one cause of death in people with diabetes, there has been a major emphasis on understanding the mechanisms by which diabetes promotes cardiovascular disease, and how antidiabetic therapies impact diabetic heart disease. With a wide array of models to study diabetes (both type 1 and type 2), the field has made major progress in answering these questions. However, each model has its own inherent limitations. Therefore, the purpose of this guidelines document is to provide the …

Host And Gut Microbial Tryptophan Metabolism And Type 2 Diabetes: An Integrative Analysis Of Host Genetics, Diet, Gut Microbiome And Circulating Metabolites In Cohort Studies, Qibin Qi, Jun Li, Bing Yu, Jee-Young Moon, Jin C Chai, Jordi Merino, Jie Hu, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, Casey Rebholz, Zheng Wang, Mykhaylo Usyk, Guo-Chong Chen, Bianca C Porneala, Wenshuang Wang, Ngoc Quynh Nguyen, Elena V Feofanova, Megan L Grove, Thomas J Wang, Robert E Gerszten, Josée Dupuis, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Wei Bao, David L Perkins, Martha L Daviglus, Bharat Thyagarajan, Jianwen Cai, Tao Wang, Joann E Manson, Miguel A Martínez-González, Elizabeth Selvin, Kathryn M Rexrode, Clary B Clish, Frank B Hu, James B Meigs, Rob Knight, Robert D Burk, Eric Boerwinkle, Robert C Kaplan

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: Tryptophan can be catabolised to various metabolites through host kynurenine and microbial indole pathways. We aimed to examine relationships of host and microbial tryptophan metabolites with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), host genetics, diet and gut microbiota.

METHOD: We analysed associations between circulating levels of 11 tryptophan metabolites and incident T2D in 9180 participants of diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds from five cohorts. We examined host genome-wide variants, dietary intake and gut microbiome associated with these metabolites.

RESULTS: Tryptophan, four kynurenine-pathway metabolites (kynurenine, kynurenate, xanthurenate and quinolinate) and indolelactate were positively associated with T2D risk, while indolepropionate was inversely associated with …

Comparison Of Collaborative Goal Setting With Enhanced Education For Managing Diabetes-Associated Distress And Hemoglobin A1c Levels: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Lechauncy Woodard, Amber B Amspoker, Natalie E Hundt, Howard S Gordon, Brian Hertz, Edward Odom, Anne Utech, Javad Razjouyan, Suja S Rajan, Nipa Kamdar, Jasmin Lindo, Lea Kiefer, Praveen Mehta, Aanand D Naik

Journal Articles

IMPORTANCE: Type 2 diabetes is a prevalent and morbid condition. Poor engagement with self-management can contribute to diabetes-associated distress and hinder diabetes control.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of Empowering Patients in Chronic Care (EPICC), an evidence-based intervention to improve diabetes-associated distress and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels after the intervention and after 6-month maintenance.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This hybrid (implementation-effectiveness) randomized clinical trial was performed in Veterans Affairs clinics across Illinois, Indiana, and Texas from July 1, 2015, to June 30, 2017. Participants included adults with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (HbA1c level >8.0%) who received primary care …

Meal Timing, Meal Frequency And Metabolic Syndrome, Fatema Alkhulaifi, Charles Darkoh

Journal Articles

Individuals with metabolic syndrome have increased risk for developing health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Modifiable risk factors, such as exercise and diet, are key components in the prevention and control of metabolic syndrome. Specifically, dietary patterns and habits are extremely successful in controlling more than one of the metabolic syndrome risk factors. Meal timing and frequency have been associated with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other chronic conditions. However, there is limited evidence linking metabolic syndrome to meal timing and meal frequency. This review summarizes and discusses how meal timing and frequency impact metabolic outcomes in adults.