Medical Specialties Commons^™

Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury (Bcvi): Universal Cta Neck Screening At Level 2 Trauma Center, Tamine Gogel

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury (BCVI) refers to injuries to the vessels supplying blood to the brain, primarily carotid and vertebral arteries, and can result from trauma, resulting in stroke by vessel dissection, thrombus formation, embolization, and hemorrhage. Timely identification is crucial for effective intervention and improved outcomes. This doctoral project proposes the implementation of universal screening using Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) of the neck during initial workup for blunt force trauma at a Level II ACS-verified trauma center. The primary objective is to mitigate potential delays in diagnosing and treating BCVI, thereby reducing the likelihood of complications. Patients ≥ 15 years …

Ultrasound Versus Radiography For Evaluating Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis, Sayed H. Aftab, Santiago Martinez-Correa, Minh-Huy Huynh, Wondwossen T. Lerebo, Jorge Delgado, Rebecca Denis, Misun Hwang

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Purpose:

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an abdominal inflammatory condition that is common in premature neonates. Although abdominal radiograph (AR) remains the imaging standard for NEC, it may miss up to 50% of early signs of NEC and has been described to have a sensitivity as low as 15.4% for detecting pneumoperitoneum. Abdominal ultrasound (US) is portable, non-invasive, and allows real-time bowel integrity, movement, and perfusion assessment. We aim to evaluate the concordance between US and AR in detecting NEC features and the diagnostic performance of both modalities in detecting pneumoperitoneum.

Methods and materials:

We conducted an IRB-approved retrospective, cross-sectional, single-center …

Unveiling The Potential: The Role Of Ai-Enhanced Ecg In Cardiovascular Disease Detection, Alisha Vincent

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Background: The Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely utilized, non-invasive, cost-effective cardiac test. Its integration with Artificial Intelligence (AI) has empowered it to become a potent screening tool and a predictor for various cardiovascular diseases, especially in asymptomatic individuals. Objective: This review investigates the utility of AI-powered ECG in early detection of cardiac conditions, focusing on conditions such as low ejection fraction (LEF), atrial fibrillation (AF), aortic valve stenosis (AVS), and cardiac amyloidosis (CA). Methods: A literature review spanning 2018 to 2024 was conducted, analyzing 10 articles - 3 on AF, 3 on AVS, 3 on LEF, and …

Applications Of Deep Learning With Detecting Intracranial Aneurysms On Ct Angiograms: A Literature Review, Christian Fang, Emily Wang

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

INTRODUCTION

Deep learning is a method of artificial intelligence involving progressively layered neural networks to extrapolate patterns from data to provide predictions. Moreover, given the arduous nature required for examining CT scans for intracranial aneurysms, discovering ways to expedite this process is beneficial. The use of deep learning to evaluate CT angiograms for intracranial aneurysms has been sparsely studied. This literature review aims to determine the accuracy and reliability of deep learning to analyze CT angiograms in patients suspected to have intracranial aneurysms.

METHODS

A qualitative review of literature using PubMed, SCOPUS, and EMBASE was conducted. Inclusion criteria comprised articles …

Using Fmri To Assess Effectiveness Of Olanzapine Treatment For Schizophrenia, William Kyle Copenhaver, David F. Lo, Hanna Rothenberg, Eeshan Khurana, Valerie Rome, Uzayr Wasif, Don D. Shamilov

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Schizophrenia is a complex mental illness with neurobiological underpinnings and misconceptions about violence. Schizophrenia is associated with high levels of creativity and structural traits like fewer D2 receptors. Patients face reduced life expectancy due to cardiovascular diseases and cope through smoking and sedentariness. Treatment involves pharmacological antipsychotics like olanzapine and nonpharmacological approaches. Olanzapine works by antagonizing D2 receptors but has side effects like weight gain and diabetes risk. fMRI is used to study treatment mechanisms and predict response, but research on olanzapine's brain network effects is limited.

Surgical Management Of Retroperitoneal Hydatid Cysts - Results On A Group Of Six Patients, Dragos George Popa, Cosmin Vasile Obleaga, Ana Maria Rukie Ahmet, Cristin Constantin Vere, Vlad Ionuț Ducu, Cecil Sorin Mirea, Dan Nicolae Florescu, Mihai Călin Ciorbagiu, Dragoş Marian Popescu, Costin Teodor Streba, Lucian Florescu, Teodor Sas, Lorena Sas

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Objectives. Hydatid disease is a potentially lethal parasitic condition caused by the larvae of Echinococcus Granulosus; it is found in humans and more commonly in domestic and wild animals in endemic areas. This pathology is frequently encountered in the liver, the hydatid cyst with retroperitoneal location representing a rarely encountered form of evolution. Materials and Methods. In the present paper, we present a study carried out on 6 patients hospitalized in the Surgery Department of the Craiova County Emergency Clinical Hospital. These patients were diagnosed between 2002-2022 with retroperitoneal hydatid cyst or with multiple cysts (including retroperitoneal), being operated and …

Evaluating Bone Fracture Healing Utilizing Novel Ultrasound Modes, X-Ray And Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry In A Rabbit Model, Priscilla Machado, Rachel Blackman, Ji-Bin Liu, Flemming Forsberg, Traci Fox

Department of Radiology Posters

Background and Purpose

Healing in bone fractures is a complex process involving local inflammation, angiogenesis (i.e., the creation of new blood vessels), and formation of a bone-building callus, all of which leads to returning the bone nearly to its pre-fracture state. This is the process in a bone where the fracture is clean and the fractured ends oppose each other. Five to 10 percent of fractures are described as non-union, which can lead to poor healing and long-term complications. The purpose of this study was to compare fracture healing in a rabbit model using x-ray, the traditional method for evaluating …

Uti With A New Renal Mass: Chicken Or The Egg?, Grant Nugent, Adam Sigal, Courtney Cassella

Tower Health Research Day

No abstract provided.

A Case Report : Rosai-Dorfman Disease Of The Breast, Jenjeera Prueksadee

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Abstract

A case report of Rosai-Dorfman disease (sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy) of the breast is one of the rare diseases, characterized by benign proliferative disorder of histiocyte. Most occur within lymph nodes whereas the rest involve extranodal sites. Breast involvement is considered extremely rare but considerable because of radiological findings simulating breast cancer. We report the case of a 59-year-old Thai woman who underwent screening mammography. Her biopsy resulted in abnormal histiocytes with S-100 protein expression, some of them with emperipolesis (lymphophagocytosis). Recognition of Rosai-Dorfman disease leads to correct diagnosis and further appropriate proper treatment strategy.

Primary Lung And Pleural Malignancies In Children: Imaging Of A Case Series, Teerasak Phewplung, Tanitha Phruksahirun

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Early diagnosis of primary lung and pleural malignancies is a challenge because it is extremely rare in children. The patient often presents with metastatic disease and non-neoplastic lesions. Clinical detection and imaging studies are nonspecific findings and may be indistinguishable from other lung malformations, resulting in a delay in diagnosis and treatment and an increase in tumor morbidity and mortality.

We present four cases of children whose clinical presentation and initial imaging had suspicious abnormalities and were eventually revealed to be primary lung and pleural malignancies. The literature on primary lung and pleural malignancies is also reviewed.

Analysis Of Breast Mri Performed On Patients With Axillary Nodal Metastasis And Negative Mammogram And Ultrasound, Pakpawee Pichayakul, Palita Hansakul

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: Occult breast cancer is a rare type of breast cancer which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has an immense role to confirm diagnosis and disclose non-demonstrable finding on initial modality.

Objective: To analysis breast MRI findings in patients with axillary nodal metastasis and negative mammogram and ultrasound, and retrospective review of the initial mammography and second-look ultrasound.

Methods: From January 2010 to January 2023, women who diagnosed occult breast cancer by presenting metastatic axillary lymph node on pathological report with negative mammography and ultrasonography, underwent breast MRI to identify occult breast carcinoma. Their breast MRI were retrospectively reviewed …

Rapid (Reducing The Anxiety Of Patients In Interventional And Diagnostic) Radiologic Procedures: A Review Of The Literature, Unie Háng, Nathan Sim, Harika K. Bollineni, Arif Musa Md, Foaz Kayali Md, Roger Kakos Md, Monte Harvill Md, Ali Harb Md

Medical Student Research Symposium

Abstract Title: RAPID (Reducing the Anxiety of Patients in Interventional and Diagnostic) Radiologic Procedures: A Review of the Literature

Background: Pre-procedural anxiety is a prevalent concern that can be associated with negative effects for patients including perceived pain. Most interventional radiologic procedures are performed under local anesthesia with minimal sedation if any, which may not be sufficient in relaxing the patient. Effective patient education with appropriate pain management and anxiety control can improve comfort and can yield optimal post-procedural outcomes.

Methods: A search was done with the PubMed database for studies concerning patient anxiety in radiologic procedures. Search terms included, …

Insular And Amygdala Origin Seizures: Unmasked With Electrocorticography (Ecog), Younes Motii, Arichenaramanathan Manmatharayan, Parthasarathi Chamiraju, Mona Elsayed

Medical Student Research Symposium

Insular and Amygdala Origin Seizures: Unmasked with Electrocorticography (ECOG)

Introduction:

Insula and amygdala have a large network of connections to other cortical regions. Seizures originating from these structures may become evident only after propagation to other structures. High degree of attention must be paid to auras and seizure semiology in patients with medically intractable epilepsy.

Methodology:

We have described a series of three adult male patients with focal intractable epilepsy who did not have structural lesions on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Patients underwent MRI, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan, scalp electroencephalography (EEG), and stereo EEG implantation.

Results:

All three patients …

Entrance Surface Air Kerma To Patients During Digital Radiographic Examinations In Tanzania, Atumaini Makoba, Ahmed Jusabani, Wilbroad Muhogora, Abdallah Kileo, Musa Ndukeki, Huruma Mammba, Hilda Makungu, Haika Maro, Erick Onoka, Miguta Ngulimi

Imaging & Diagnostic Radiology, East Africa

The aim of this study was to determine the entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) in adult patients during digital radiography and to evaluate the optimisation potential in five common X-ray examinations in Tanzania. Based on a sample of 240–610 patients, ESAK was estimated using X-ray tube output measurements, patient information and backscatter factors. The results show that the mean ESAK values were higher or comparable to data from the literature. The diagnostic reference values of ESAK for digital radiography were 0.31 mGy (chest PA), 4 mGy (lumbar spine AP), 5.4 mGy (lumbar spine LAT), 3.8 mGy (abdomen AP) and 2.4 …

Effectiveness Of Blended Pedagogy For Radiographic Interpretation Skills In Operative Dentistry - A Comparison Of Test Scores And Student Experiences At An Undergraduate Dental School In Pakistan, Marium Iqbal, Jacqueline Maria Dias, Amber Shahmim Sultan, Hussain Ahmed Raza, Laeeq Uz Zaman

Department for Educational Development

Background: Utilizing Blended pedagogy (BP) in radiographic skills may prove to be an effective teaching strategy. However, studies on the use of BP in dentistry are quite limited in Pakistan, where teaching has mostly been via traditional Didactic Lectures (DL); and radiographic interpretation skills of undergraduate dental students are suboptimal. Therefore, this study aims to assess whether utilizing BP to teach radiographic interpretation skills is an effective teaching methodology in Pakistan.
Methods: This mixed-method study was conducted on final year dental students at Jinnah Medical and Dental College (JMDC). Two groups of students were utilized for this study, one taught …

Degree Of Uncertainty In Reporting Imaging Findings For Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Secondary Analysis From A Pilot Randomized Diagnostic Trial., Alain Cuna, Disa Rathore, Kira Bourret, Erin K. Opfer, Sherwin S. Chan

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) relies heavily on imaging, but uncertainty in the language used in imaging reports can result in ambiguity, miscommunication, and potential diagnostic errors. To determine the degree of uncertainty in reporting imaging findings for NEC, we conducted a secondary analysis of the data from a previously completed pilot diagnostic randomized controlled trial (2019-2020). The study population comprised sixteen preterm infants with suspected NEC randomized to abdominal radiographs (AXRs) or AXR + bowel ultrasound (BUS). The level of uncertainty was determined using a four-point Likert scale. Overall, we reviewed radiology reports of 113 AXR and 24 BUS …

A Rare Appendiceal Mucocele Of The Appendix Captured On The Ultrasound: Case Report, Vera Shulgina, Meghan Single, Joel Thompson

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

Appendiceal mucocele is a rare disease which results from an accumulation of mucus in the lumen of the appendix, leading to distension and obstruction of the lumen. Clinical diagnosis is often delayed, as the presenting symptoms are usually non-specific. Even with the use of imaging, preoperative diagnosis is difficult. The treatment is surgical, with the extent determined by the surgical specimen. Definitive diagnosis is by histopathology. Our case report presents a rare case of appendiceal mucocele originally captured by ultrasound. The aim of this paper is to further understand the clinical presentation, discuss key ultrasound findings, and examine the proper …

Promises And Risks Of Applying Ai Medical Imaging To Early Detection Of Cancers, And Regulation For Ai Medical Imaging, Yiyao Zhang

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

Radiofrequency Ablation Of Thyroid Nodules: A Clinical Review Of Treatment Complications, Peter P. Issa, Katherine Cironi, Leely Rezvani, Emad Kandil

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive ablative modality for the treatment of thyroid nodules. Reports of RFA use have demonstrated an impressive safety profile and excellent volume reduction rates between 60-90%. Given its increased popularity in the United States as well as globally, numerous recent works have been published and a discussant of relevant complications incorporating recent insight may assist practitioners in minimizing complications and optimizing patient outcomes. Herein, we provide a comprehensive and updated review of the reported complications and side effects following RFA, summarizing their frequency and clinical presentation. We also describe a means of minimizing such …

Pseudotumoral Hemicerebellitis In A Young Male Sailor With Complete Recovery After Steroid Therapy, Khizer Masroor Anns, Faheem Ullah Khan, Muhammad Aman, Anwar Ahmad, Kumail Khandwala, Zainab Aslam Saeed Memon, Izaz Ahmad, Muhammad Ismail Safi

Medical College Documents

Pseudotumoral hemicerebellitis is a rare presentation of acute cerebellitis, which involves the inflammation of a single cerebellar hemisphere and most commonly affects children. It mimics a tumor on imaging, hence given the name. In this report, we present a case of pseudotumoral hemicerebellitis in a 30-year-old male who presented to the emergency room (ER) with complaints of vertigo, vomiting, and a headache.

The Impact Of Simulated Image Acquisition Time Reduction On Image Quality And Parameters Of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Using A Dedicated Cardiac Camera, Alireza Khatami

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Heart disease is the second leading cause of death in Canada, highlighting the crucial role of early diagnosis in disease management. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), is widely employed for this purpose, involves injecting a radiopharmaceutical into the body, imaging its distribution with a gamma camera, and revealing cardiac blood flow patterns. A significant challenge in MPI is the lengthy 8 to 10 minutes required for stress and rest imaging, potentially causing patient discomfort and compromising image quality due to movement. In a clinical study with 26 patients, post-processed data manipulation simulated a reduction in MPI imaging time. The findings indicated …

Deep Learning-Based Multimodality Classification Of Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Using Resting-State Functional Mri And Pet Imaging, Faezeh Vedaei, Najmeh Mashhadi, Mahdi Alizadeh, George Zabrecky, Daniel A. Monti, Md, Nancy Wintering, Emily Navarreto, Chloe Hriso, Andrew B. Newberg, Feroze B. Mohamed

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a public health concern. The present study aimed to develop an automatic classifier to distinguish between patients with chronic mTBI (n = 83) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 40). Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging were acquired from the subjects. We proposed a novel deep-learning-based framework, including an autoencoder (AE), to extract high-level latent and rectified linear unit (ReLU) and sigmoid activation functions. Single and multimodality algorithms integrating multiple rs-fMRI metrics and PET data were developed. We hypothesized that combining different imaging modalities provides complementary information and …

Non-Ketotic Hyperglycemia Unmasks Hemichorea - A Reply, Ezhilkugan Ganessane, Sasikumar Mahalingam, Selva Ganesan

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

No abstract for this article type

Utility Of Diagnostic Radiology Imaging Techniques In The Diagnosis And Characterization Of Saccular Aneurysm Involving The Right Internal Jugular Vein: A Case Report And Brief Review Of Literature, Javier Hernandez, Poyan Rafiei

Gulf Coast Division Research Day 2024

No abstract provided.

The Measure Of Efficiency And Effectiveness When Using Artificial Intelligence (Ai) In Radiology, Jordan Watts

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: The use of artificial intelligence in radiology has helped radiologists identify patterns and abnormalities in medical images to diagnose and treat patients. Deep learning and machine learning algorithms have been used to assist physicians in detecting features that are not noticeable to the human eye. The FDA has approved almost 400 AI algorithms for radiology and estimated that the market for AI in medical imaging would grow from $21.48 billion in 2018 to $264.85 billion in 2028.

Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the use of artificial intelligence in radiology to determine its …

Treatment And Diagnosis Of Pulmonary Emboli In Ct, Jacob Gardner

Student Research Poster Presentations 2024

This research project elaborates on the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary emboli, and how computed tomography can provide a quick and accurate diagnosis. Statistics, symptoms, computed tomography pulmonary angiography protocol, and pulmonary emboli radiographic appearance are also discussed to provide information on how a diagnosis is achieved and which treatment is used. Pulmonary emboli are a life-threatening condition that, if untreated, can potentially be fatal. Pulmonary emboli are the third most frequently occurring cause of cardiovascular death behind a stroke and myocardial infarction. Deaths in the United States from pulmonary emboli are approximately 300,000 deaths per year. In addition, 5-10% …

Accuracy Of Swept Source Biometry Device In Detecting Macular Diseases Compared With Swept Source Oct, Sidra Zafar, Taha Muneer Ahmed, Rashid Baig, Irfan Jeeva, Rehman Siddiqui

Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of the IOLMaster 700 foveal scans to detect foveal pathology compared with a standard swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) device.
Results: One hundred seventy eye scans of 95 patients were included in the final analyses. Ninety-nine (58.2%) scans were classified as abnormal by SS-OCT. Mean sensitivity of the biometry device was 67.5% (range: 51-84%) and mean specificity was 69.5% (range: 44-95%). Intra-class correlation coefficients were 0.912 and 0.835, for reader 1 and 2, respectively. Area under the curve for receiver operating curve was 0.726. Foveal scans of the IOLMaster 700 can provide clinically useful …

Feasibility, Enablers And Challenges Of Using Timeliness Metrics For Household Contact Tracing And Tb Preventive Therapy In Pakistan, Bushra Jamil, Divya Nair, Pruthu Thekkur, Neelofar Laeeq, Anum Adil, Mohammed Khogali, Rony Zachariah, Selma Dar Berger, Srinath Satyanarayana, Ajay M V Kumar

Department of Medicine

Introduction: Screening household contacts of TB patients and providing TB preventive therapy (TPT) is a key intervention to end the TB epidemic. Global and timely implementation of TPT in household contacts, however, is dismal. We adapted the 7-1-7 timeliness metric designed to evaluate and respond to infectious disease outbreaks or pandemics, and assessed the feasibility, enablers and challenges of implementing this metric for screening and management of household contacts of index patients with bacteriologically-confirmed pulmonary TB in Karachi city, Pakistan.
Methods: We conducted an explanatory mixed methods study with a quantitative component (cohort design) followed by a qualitative component (descriptive …

Microstructural Alterations Of Major Thalamic Nuclei In The Chronic Pediatric Spinal Cord Injured Population, K. Kang, K. Fleming, A. Sathe, J. Muller, J. Harrop, D. Middleton, J. Heller, A. Sharan, F. Mohamed, L. Krisa, M. Alizadeh

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The brain undergoes reorganization following spinal cord injury (SCI), but little is known about how the thalamus is affected in pediatric SCIs.

PURPOSE: To characterize microstructural alterations in the thalamus after SCI with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics.

METHODS: 18 pediatric participants with chronic SCI (8-20 years) were stratified using the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) into groups: A, B, and C/D. DTI of the brain used a 3 T Siemens Verio MRI using the parameters: 20 directions, number of averages = 3, b = 1000 s/mm

DATA ANALYSIS: DTI metrics were acquired by superimposing the AAL3 …

Ablation Of Accessory Pathway From Right Atrial Appendage To Anatomic Left Ventricle In L-Transposition Of The Great Arteries, Shree Lata Radhakrishnan, Robert O. Drutel, Cody M. Williams, Raman Danrad, Kelly K. Gajewski, Paul A. Lelorier

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.