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Articles 1 - 13 of 13
Full-Text Articles in Medical Physiology
Signaling Induced By Inflammatory Mediators In The Rodent Pulmonary Microvasculature, Rachel Escue Helms
Signaling Induced By Inflammatory Mediators In The Rodent Pulmonary Microvasculature, Rachel Escue Helms
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Acute lung inflammation (ALI), stemming from a disproportionate and detrimental immune response, may arise from or complicate other disease states, leading to the often-fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Because of the many culpable factors and differing points of induction, pinning down the signaling mechanisms involved in the morbidity of this disorder as well as defining an effective treatment has proved problematic. However, the most detrimental characteristic of this condition is seen regardless of the development of the response: increased microvascular permeability. Because of the architecture and the size of the pulmonary microvascular network, the lungs have a resident, sequestered …
The Migration And Developmental Remodeling Of Intrinsic Interneurons In Visual Thalamus And The Role Of Retinal Signaling., Naomi E. Charalambakis
The Migration And Developmental Remodeling Of Intrinsic Interneurons In Visual Thalamus And The Role Of Retinal Signaling., Naomi E. Charalambakis
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the mouse is a model system to study the development of thalamic circuitry. While most studies focus on relay neurons of dLGN, little is known about the factors regulating the development of the other principal cell type, intrinsic interneurons. To date, the targeting and migratory path of dLGN interneurons as well as their morphological development remains unclear. Here we examined whether the migration, structure, and function of interneurons relies on retinal signaling. We took a loss-of-function approach and crossed GAD67-GFP mice, which express green fluorescent protein (GFP) in dLGN interneurons, with math5 nulls …
Effects Of Maternal Protein Restriction On The Pulmonary Surfactant System During The Early Life And Adulthood, Reza Khazaee
Effects Of Maternal Protein Restriction On The Pulmonary Surfactant System During The Early Life And Adulthood, Reza Khazaee
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is defined by low birth weight and contributes to a variety of adult-onset diseases with different severities between males and females. However, the effects of FGR on the pulmonary surfactant are not fully elucidated. In this thesis, first, we investigated the FGR effects on the lung function and the surfactant system at the early postnatal life. It was hypothesized that FGR contributes to alterations of lung mechanics and the surfactant system during the neonatal period. Second, we assessed the FGR effects on the surfactant system in response to sepsis in adulthood. It was hypothesized that FGR …
Gene Delivery Of Adenoviral-Tmbim6 Vector Protects The Neonatal Brain After Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury, Desislava Doycheva
Gene Delivery Of Adenoviral-Tmbim6 Vector Protects The Neonatal Brain After Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury, Desislava Doycheva
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Neonatal hypoxia ischemia (HI) is an injury caused to the immature brain due to reduced cerebral blood flow which is associated with life-long neurological impairments. HI causes oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which results in ER stress. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), from cytochrome P450 members (CYP) and NADPH-P450 reductases (NPR), in combination with activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) are two major consequences of ER stress that cause oxidative damage and cell death. Herein we identified the role of Bax Inhibitor-1 (BI-1), an evolutionary conserved protein encoded by the Transmembrane Bax inhibitor Motif Containing …
Changes In The Morphology Of Hypoglossal Motor Neurons In The Brainstem Of Developing Rats, Paul Allen Williams
Changes In The Morphology Of Hypoglossal Motor Neurons In The Brainstem Of Developing Rats, Paul Allen Williams
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
The autonomic brainstem generates and modifies breathing rhythm by integrating inputs from chemo- and mechanosensors in the viscera while coordinating descending outputs from higher CNS structures. Hypoglossal motoneurons (XII MNs) receive inputs from respiratory premotor neurons in the medulla. Previous studies in rodents have demonstrated significant changes in breathing control during the first three weeks of life, with a sensitive period at 10 to 13 days post-birth (P10–P13) characterized by pronounced changes in neurotransmitters, receptors, excitation-inhibition balance, and breathing. However, age-dependent morphological changes of XII MNs during the first three weeks post-birth and especially during this sensitive period, have not …
The Role Of Glucocorticoid Signaling In Prostate Cancer Health Disparities, Leanne W. Burnham
The Role Of Glucocorticoid Signaling In Prostate Cancer Health Disparities, Leanne W. Burnham
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
African-American men are more likely to develop aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) and die from the disease than other ethnic groups. Glucocorticoid signaling is a contributing biological factor to worse PCa prognosis, and is emerging as a key driver of PCa progression in the absence of androgens. The mechanism involves glucocorticoids binding to glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and bypassing the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway to activate AR-target genes that promote tumor aggressiveness and therapy-resistance. This is problematic as African-American men have hypersensitive GR signaling and chronically-elevated levels of glucocorticoids linked to cumulative stressful life events. To explore the role of glucocorticoid …
Effect Of Exercise And Hypoxia On Plasma Telomerase, Charli D. Aguilar
Effect Of Exercise And Hypoxia On Plasma Telomerase, Charli D. Aguilar
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Introduction: Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is the enzyme that adds telomeric sequences to the end of linear chromosomes. Exercise has shown to upregulate acutely leukocyte TERT after just 30 minutes of running on a treadmill at 80% of VO2max (Denham et al., 2016). Hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is also a mediator of TERT in in vitro (Nishi et al., 2004). Moderate acute exposure to hypoxia was associated with substantial increases in plasma TERT in a recent study on rats (Wang et al., 2014). The specific aim of the current study was to identify if acute hypoxia upregulates plasma TERT …
Protein Trafficking Of Bk Channel Β1 Subunits In Cerebral Artery Myocytes, Xue Zhai
Protein Trafficking Of Bk Channel Β1 Subunits In Cerebral Artery Myocytes, Xue Zhai
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Rationale: Large-conductance calcium (Ca2+)-activated potassium channels (BK) are expressed in arterial myocytes to control arterial contractility. It is composed of pore- forming BKα and auxiliary β1 subunits. Auxiliary β1 subunits associate with BKα which modulate Ca2+ sensitivity of BK channel. Previous data showed that BKα locates at cell membrane, whereas β1 subunits are primarily intracellular which regulated by Rab11A- positive recycling endosomes. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a vasoconstrictor, induces contraction of myocytes. ET-1 inhibits BK channel but mechanisms are not fully understood. It is unclear that vasoconstrictors regulate the cellular distribution of BK channels. Furthermore, BK channels are involved …
Characterization Of The Hepatotoxicity Of Rifampicin And Isoniazid, Christopher T. Brewer
Characterization Of The Hepatotoxicity Of Rifampicin And Isoniazid, Christopher T. Brewer
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
In a mouse model, rifampicin and isoniazid combination treatment results in cholestatic liver injury that is associated with an increase of protoporphyrin ix (PPIX), the penultimate heme precursor. Excess PPIX is believed to bind to bile acids, precipitate in bile canaliculi, and form bile plugs leading to cholestasis fol owed by liver injury. Both ferrochelatase (FECH/Fech) and aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (ALAS1/Alas1) are crucial enzymes in regulating heme biosynthesis. Isoniazid has recently been reported to up-regulate Alas1 but down-regulate Fech protein levels in mice; however the mechanism of isoniazid mediated heme synthesis …
Tissue Engineered Micro And Macrovasculature Utilizing Stromal Vascular Fraction., Joseph Samir Zakhari
Tissue Engineered Micro And Macrovasculature Utilizing Stromal Vascular Fraction., Joseph Samir Zakhari
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation describes the use of stromal vascular fraction to tissue engineer 3D microvasculature and macrovasculature. Stromal vascular fraction is an easily isolatable cell source from adipose tissue depots. It has demonstrated remarkable potential both in vitro and in vivo for forming microcirculation capable of perfusion upon implantation. SVF is clinically utilized as a therapeutic cell source for anti-inflammation for osteoarthritis and is being studied for ischemic tissue application to stimulate revascularization. The work described herein is divided within four chapters. Chapter I provides an introductory overview and lists the aims and hypothesis for the dissertation. Chapter II describes experiments …
Multi-Scale Fluid Flow Analysis Of The Cardiovascular System, Zaid Mahmood
Multi-Scale Fluid Flow Analysis Of The Cardiovascular System, Zaid Mahmood
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
The hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is one of the rarest congenital heart diseases affecting infants. Out of 150 babies born, one baby suffers from congenital heart disease. Furthermore, nine percent out of those suffering from congenital heart disease specifically suffer from hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). To this end, the Fontan operation which is a procedure to generate a harmonic blood flow in single functioning ventricle patients has been executed to palliate HLHS patients. In this operation, the inferior vena cava (IVC) and the superior vena cava (SVC), carrying the low-oxygenated blood returning from the lower and upper body …
Influence Of Resistance Training On Vascular Function, Hemodynamic, And Perceived Exertion Responses To Fixed Submaximal Workloads In Patients With Coronary Disease, Kerstin Grafe
Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
PURPOSE: To determine the impact of superimposed resistance training (RT) in aerobically trained coronary patients on systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE; 6–20 scale), and rate pressure product (RPP) at fixed submaximal workloads following a 12-week RT intervention. Additionally, pre-and post-RT measures of brachial artery reactivity, an index of endothelial function, were obtained. METHODS: Fifteen low risk coronary patients (13 men, 2 women; mean ± SD age = 66.1 ± 5.1 yrs) completed a progressive 12-week RT program that complemented their regular aerobic training regimen. Prior to training, SBP, HR, RPP, and RPE were …
Flexor Dysfunction Following Unilateral Transient Ischemic Brain Injury Is Associated With Impaired Locomotor Rhythmicity, Kiril Tuntevski
Flexor Dysfunction Following Unilateral Transient Ischemic Brain Injury Is Associated With Impaired Locomotor Rhythmicity, Kiril Tuntevski
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Functional motor deficits in hemiplegia after stroke are predominately associated with flexor muscle impairments in animal models of ischemic brain injury, as well as in clinical findings. Rehabilitative interventions often employ various means of retraining a maladapted central pattern generator for locomotion. Yet, holistic modeling of the central pattern generator, as well as applications of such studies, are currently scarce. Most modeling studies rely on cellular neural models of the intrinsic spinal connectivity governing ipsilateral flexor-extensor, as well as contralateral coupling inherent in the spinal cord. Models that attempt to capture the general behavior of motor neuronal populations, as well …