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Full-Text Articles in Medical Physiology
The Effects Of Alcohol Consumption On Metabolic Factors In The Alive-Ex Study Participants, Meva Beganovic, Stefany D. Primeaux
The Effects Of Alcohol Consumption On Metabolic Factors In The Alive-Ex Study Participants, Meva Beganovic, Stefany D. Primeaux
Medical Student Research Poster Symposium
Alcohol consumption among people living with HIV (PLWH) is common and increases the risk for metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and diabetes. Adiponectin is an adipokine, produced in adipocytes, that protects against insulin resistance by increasing insulin sensitivity and thus may play a preventative role against the development of metabolic disease. Previous studies have demonstrated an inconsistency regarding the impact of alcohol consumption on adiponectin levels. In a cross-sectional analysis of participants enrolled in the ALIVE-Ex Study, we did not find a significant relationship between at-risk alcohol use, as measured by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score, in …
Translational Investigation Of Sex Differences In Alcohol Analgesic Efficacy: Comparison Across Preclinical And Clinical Domains, Sumin Lee, Noor Alrashed, Erin Davis, Jessica A. Cucinello-Ragland, Patricia E. Molina, Scott Edwards
Translational Investigation Of Sex Differences In Alcohol Analgesic Efficacy: Comparison Across Preclinical And Clinical Domains, Sumin Lee, Noor Alrashed, Erin Davis, Jessica A. Cucinello-Ragland, Patricia E. Molina, Scott Edwards
Medical Student Research Poster Symposium
Although chronic pain affects over 220 million Americans and significantly contributes to both the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder (AUD), there is an alarming gap in knowledge regarding the mechanisms underlying the anti-nociceptive effects of alcohol. The goals of the current project were to: 1) relate self-reported pain rating in people living with HIV (PLWH) and 2) investigate neuroadaptations in the phosphorylation status of excitatory and inhibitory protein markers produced by alcohol in the central amygdala (CeA) and the insula in an animal model of chronic inflammatory pain. Towards our first goal, we asked participants in the New …
The Effect Of Nicotine Inhalation On Taste Receptor Gene Expression And Fungiform Papillae Density, Chloe Sterling, Jolie Primeaux, Jason Gardner, Stefany Primeaux
The Effect Of Nicotine Inhalation On Taste Receptor Gene Expression And Fungiform Papillae Density, Chloe Sterling, Jolie Primeaux, Jason Gardner, Stefany Primeaux
Medical Student Research Poster Symposium
BACKGROUND: Smoking is one of many acquired causes of smell and taste disorders. The effect on taste may be due to cigarette smoke causing a gustatory disturbance through changing the form, quantity, and vascularization of taste buds. Nicotine’s negative impact on taste buds is elicited through aversive sensory effects like oral irritation and pain as well as bitter taste. Taste buds are located on fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae found on the tongue. Taste receptor cells can be stimulated by one of five basic taste qualities, which are sweet, bitter, umami (savory), salty, and sour. More recently, fat has been …
The Characterization Of Rodent Diet Influences On Ethanol Consumption In Mice, Selby White, Franciely Paliarin, Evan Dore, Cameron Gabriel, Rajani Maiya
The Characterization Of Rodent Diet Influences On Ethanol Consumption In Mice, Selby White, Franciely Paliarin, Evan Dore, Cameron Gabriel, Rajani Maiya
Medical Student Research Poster Symposium
The gut-brain axis is a distinct, yet uncharacterized tract of the nervous system that provides direct communication between the myenteric and the central nervous systems. The gut-brain axis is implicated in numerous underlying pathological phenomena, such as depression, Parkinson’s disease, and autoimmune disorders. Signaling along the gut-brain axis is primarily mediated by the Vagus nerve, which projects to the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (NTS). From the NTS, projections link to higher order brain structures, namely reward regions, such as the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, Locus Coeruleus and the Prefrontal cortex. Alcohol Use Disorder is a complex and widespread disease with …
Chronic Binge Alcohol Impairs Myoblast Differentiation: Role Of Microrna-206, Peter Bergeaux, Brianna Bourgeois, Patricia E. Molina, Liz Simon
Chronic Binge Alcohol Impairs Myoblast Differentiation: Role Of Microrna-206, Peter Bergeaux, Brianna Bourgeois, Patricia E. Molina, Liz Simon
Medical Student Research Poster Symposium
Background: With recent advances in antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV (PLWH) now have a near-normal life expectancy. As such, PLWH experience aging-related comorbidities, such as metabolic disorders and frailty earlier in life than the general population. At-risk alcohol use is twice as likely in PLWH compared to the general population and alcoholic myopathy occurs in 40- 60% of people with an alcohol use disorder. Previous studies demonstrate that chronic binge alcohol (CBA) in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques causes decreased myoblast differentiation and downregulation of microRNA-206 (miR-206) in skeletal muscle. Additionally, lower miR-206 expression is associated with increased …
The Role Of Traf3ip2 In The Progression Of Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy, Nicholas R. Harris, Joshua M. Edavettal, Jason D. Gardner
The Role Of Traf3ip2 In The Progression Of Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy, Nicholas R. Harris, Joshua M. Edavettal, Jason D. Gardner
Medical Student Research Poster Symposium
Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy (ACM) manifests in humans after excessive alcohol consumption and is characterized by ventricular dilation and cardiac function impairment. Previous studies have identified deterioration of mitochondrial homeostasis, increased oxidative stress, and inflammation as mechanisms of ACM development. However, little is known of the molecular mechanism of ACM. Here, we focus on the role of TRAF3IP2, a proinflammatory cytoplasmic adapter protein, in the pathogenesis of ACM. Previous work suggests TRAF3IP2 is a master regulator of inflammation; thus, being a potential therapeutic target. In this study, we used a mouse model of chronic plus binge alcohol feeding described by the NIAAA. …
Peripheral Immune Cell Pro- And Anti-Nociceptive Gene Expression In Chronicbinge Alcohol Administered Siv-Infected Rhesus Macaques, Michael Dubic, Liz Simon, Patricia Molina
Peripheral Immune Cell Pro- And Anti-Nociceptive Gene Expression In Chronicbinge Alcohol Administered Siv-Infected Rhesus Macaques, Michael Dubic, Liz Simon, Patricia Molina
Medical Student Research Poster Symposium
People living with HIV (PLWH) have a 2-fold higher prevalence of chronic pain compared to the general population. Reports in the literature indicate that alcohol consumption to self-medicate pain may increase the incidence of at-risk alcohol use. Chronic alcohol use, HIV infection, and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) all independently lead to altered pain states, yet the underlying pathophysiology is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the utility of peripheral blood mono nuclear cells (PBMCs) as indicators of alcohol-, ART-, and HIV- associated alterations in pro and anti- nociceptive pathways in a relevant preclinical model of HIV-infection. Four- …
Impaired Aicd In Senescent Cd8 T-Cells: Cell Death Pathwayselectivity & The Effects Of Alcohol, Nabil Essajee, I Welsh, Pm Mcternan, David A. Welsh, Robert W. Siggins
Impaired Aicd In Senescent Cd8 T-Cells: Cell Death Pathwayselectivity & The Effects Of Alcohol, Nabil Essajee, I Welsh, Pm Mcternan, David A. Welsh, Robert W. Siggins
Medical Student Research Poster Symposium
Background: Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is prevalent in People Living with HIV (PLWH). Chronic alcohol use and HIV infections are both stressors that can accelerate the onset of cellular senescence, a pro-inflammatory phenotype associated with unhealthy ageing and contributor to the phenomenon known as “inflamm-aging.” Furthermore, it has been observed that in senescent cells, there is an impairment of Activation-Induced Cell Death (AICD). The mechanism of impairment of AICD in senescent cells remains unknown. The goal of our research is to investigate by which pathway of cell death (apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis) senescent cells are susceptible by analyzing markers of senescence …
Neurobiological Consequences Of Chronic Binge Alcohol Exposure And Ovariectomy On Markers Of Hippocampal Plasticity In Siv-Infected Rhesus Macaques, Taylor Fitzpatrick-Schmidt, Larry B. Coleman, Kimberly N. Edwards, Liz Simon, Patricia E. Molina, Scott Edwards
Neurobiological Consequences Of Chronic Binge Alcohol Exposure And Ovariectomy On Markers Of Hippocampal Plasticity In Siv-Infected Rhesus Macaques, Taylor Fitzpatrick-Schmidt, Larry B. Coleman, Kimberly N. Edwards, Liz Simon, Patricia E. Molina, Scott Edwards
Medical Student Research Poster Symposium
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has profound impacts on the central nervous system, including HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). HIV-associated cognitive deficits can be further exacerbated by alcohol consumption1 . With the rising prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in females, understanding the neurobiological impact of AUD and HIV infection in this population is increasingly important 2 . The hippocampus is part of the brain’s limbic system and plays prominent roles in both cognition and affective regulation. Thus, investigating hippocampal neuroadaptations in the context of comorbid HIV infection and AUD is critical for understanding the mechanisms of neurocognitive and affective impairment …
Short-Term High Fat, High Sucrose Diet Increases Markers Associated With Hepaticlipid Accumulation In Rhesus Macaques, Eden Gallegos, Liz Simon, Patricia Molina
Short-Term High Fat, High Sucrose Diet Increases Markers Associated With Hepaticlipid Accumulation In Rhesus Macaques, Eden Gallegos, Liz Simon, Patricia Molina
Medical Student Research Poster Symposium
Self-reported data collected from our clinical cohort, the New Orleans Alcohol Use in HIV (NOAH), shows that a significant number of people living with HIV (PLWH) consume a suboptimal diet as determined by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Consumption of a high fat, high sucrose diet (HFSD), known as a Western Diet contributes to metabolic dyshomeostasis and development of metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. At-risk alcohol consumption, HIV-infection, and consumption of a HFSD independently can lead to liver disease. Thus, PLWH with at risk alcohol consumption and consuming a HFSD may have increased risk for liver pathology. Alcoholic …
Female Mice Are Protected From Chronic Inhaled Nicotine-Induced Pulmonaryhypertension Via A Sex Hormone-Independent Mechanism, Idanis Z. Garcia, Nicholas D. Fried, Anna K. Whitehead, Eric Lazartigues, Xinping Yue, Jason D. Gardner
Female Mice Are Protected From Chronic Inhaled Nicotine-Induced Pulmonaryhypertension Via A Sex Hormone-Independent Mechanism, Idanis Z. Garcia, Nicholas D. Fried, Anna K. Whitehead, Eric Lazartigues, Xinping Yue, Jason D. Gardner
Medical Student Research Poster Symposium
Introduction: Cigarette smoking has declined in the United States, but e-cigarettes use increased by 46.2% in young adults and 77.8% in high school students between 2017-2018. Little is known about the long-term health implications of these nicotine-containing devices, but cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, which are the primary cause of death in industrialized countries. Our group previously demonstrated that chronic inhaled nicotine induces pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular (RV) remodeling in male mice, but female mice exposed to nicotine failed to develop PH, suggesting a sex difference. This led us to hypothesize …
Role Of Lymph From Alcohol-Treated Animals On Naïve Perilymphaticadipose Tissue Immunomodulation, Kourtney Weaver, Flavia Souza-Smith
Role Of Lymph From Alcohol-Treated Animals On Naïve Perilymphaticadipose Tissue Immunomodulation, Kourtney Weaver, Flavia Souza-Smith
Medical Student Research Poster Symposium
Alcohol impairs innate and adaptive immune responses, harming host defense against infections. Chronic alcohol administration has also been shown to impact early manifestations of metabolic dysfunction such as insulin resistance in rodent models. In our previous studies, we found that alcohol induces mesenteric lymphatic leakage and perilymphatic adipose tissue (PLAT) immunometabolic dysregulation. Whether the lymph from alcohol-treated animals is directly causing PLAT immunometabolic dysregulation is still to be determined. We hypothesize that lymph contents from alcohol-treated animals will immunomodulate naïve PLAT explants. To test this hypothesis, male Fischer 344 rats received Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing 36% of calories from alcohol …
Floppy Eyelid Syndrome And Obesity (Flo) Study, Bethany S. Acosta, Kyle V. Acosta, Stefany D. Primeaux
Floppy Eyelid Syndrome And Obesity (Flo) Study, Bethany S. Acosta, Kyle V. Acosta, Stefany D. Primeaux
Medical Student Research Poster Symposium
Floppy Eyelid Syndrome (FES) was first described in 1981 by Culbertson and Ostler. Often under-diagnosed, the reported incidence ranges from 0.5-31.5% with an average age of 51 years. A patient will typically present with a soft, rubbery tarsus that folds in on itself, a loose upper eyelid that everts easily with manual manipulation, and papillary conjunctivitis. Studies indicate that patients with FES are often diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and have high rates of obesity (Body Mass Index (BMI) > 30). Patients with FES exhibit a diminished quantity of elastin fibers throughout the pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle and tarsus. Interestingly, …