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Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Endocrine System Diseases

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Full-Text Articles in Medical Sciences

Maggot Therapy For Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers, Amber Nikolaus Jul 2015

Maggot Therapy For Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers, Amber Nikolaus

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Diabetes mellitus, Type 1 and Type 2, are associated with numerous debilitating consequences. One of the most common and serious complication is diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) (Baltzis, Elftheriadou, and Veves, 2014, p.817). DFUs are “caused by loss of glycemic control, peripheral neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, and immunosuppression” and account for greater than 80,000 amputations per year in the United States (Aumiller & Dollahite, 2015, p.28). Approximately 15% of people with diabetes have diabetic foot ulcers (Aumiller & Dollahite, 2015, p.28) and studies demonstrate that 45% to 55% of patients presenting with neuropathic and ischemic diabetic foot ulcers will die within …

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Implications Of Underlying Pathophysiology Of Osteomyelitis In Diabetics For Nursing Care, Danielle Spencer Jul 2015

Implications Of Underlying Pathophysiology Of Osteomyelitis In Diabetics For Nursing Care, Danielle Spencer

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone caused by either bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses or mycobacteria (McCance, et. al., 2014). The infection can enter bone either through an outside source or through the blood from a blood borne infection (McCance, et. al., 2014). The most common bacteria involved with osteomyelitis is Staphylococcus aureus (Hatzenbuehler & Pulling, 2011, p. 1027). Recently, at Dublin Methodist Hospital there has been an increase in the number of osteomyelitis cases in chronic uncontrolled diabetic patients requiring below the knee amputations. Two of the cases specifically were linked to chronic diabetic foot ulcers. Each of these …

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Type Ii Diabetes And Its Treatment, Gregory Mountain Jul 2015

Type Ii Diabetes And Its Treatment, Gregory Mountain

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Approximately 28.9 million Americans have been diagnosed with type II diabetes (Jia-Haur Hu, Lin, Miller, Nguyen, & Nguyen, 2014). It is a disease that can cause or potentiate numerous comorbidities that negatively affects multiple body systems if left untreated (Jia-Haur Hu, et al., 2014). In 2012, the total estimated cost for treatment of type II diabetes in America was an astronomical $245 billion (Jia-Haur Hu, et al., 2014). Type II diabetes is a result of many cellular processes that lead to insulin resistance resulting in increased blood glucose levels (Jia-Haur Hu, et al., 2014). Treatments for type II diabetes include …

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Autoimmune Thyroiditis: A Look Into Hashimoto’S Disease, Jessica Hannan Jul 2015

Autoimmune Thyroiditis: A Look Into Hashimoto’S Disease, Jessica Hannan

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Thyroid disease is a general term utilized to describe a variety of conditions affecting the thyroid gland, including hypothyroidism, the deficient production of thyroid hormone; hyperthyroidism, the excess production of thyroid hormone; and goiter, the physiologic swelling of the thyroid gland (Cihakova, 2001; Warren, 2014). Primary hypothyroidism is the most prevalent thyroid disease in the United States, most frequently occurring as a result of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, specifically Hashimoto’s Disease (Warren, 2014). Hashimoto’s disease (HD), also known as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and human autoimmune thyroiditis, was named after Hakaru Hashimoto, a Japanese medical scientist who first described the condition in 1912 …

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Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Mario Bianconi Jul 2015

Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Mario Bianconi

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

According to “Statistics About Diabetes” (2014), in 2012, 29.1 million Americans, or 9.3% of the population, had diabetes. Additionally, of the 29.1 million, 21 million of the population were diagnosed, and 8.1 million were undiagnosed. With such a high prevalence, it is imperative that the hospital nurse is aware not only how to treat diabetes, but also how to look for complications of diabetes. One of the severe complications of diabetes is Diabetic Ketoacidosis, or DKA. DKA occurs as a result of prolonged untreated diabetes. It is the result of the body not being able to produce, or use, insulin …

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Diabetic Gastroparesis, Noreen Burris Welch Jul 2015

Diabetic Gastroparesis, Noreen Burris Welch

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

According to the 2014 Centers for Disease Control (CDC) 9.3% of the United States Population have diabetes (National diabetes statistics report, “2014, p.1). One of the complications of diabetes is gastroparesis. Gastroparesis is “a delay in the emptying of ingested food in the absence of mechanical obstruction of the stomach or duodenum ‘’ (Koch & Calles-Escandon, 2015, p. 40). Mortality in the diabetic patient with gastroparesis is higher than the diabetic patient without gastroparesis (Koch & Calles-Escandon, 2015). Patients with either type 1 diabetes (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes (T2DM) may experience he clinical symptoms of early satiety, prolonged fullness, …

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Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State: A Diabetic Emergency, Rachel Fisher Jul 2015

Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State: A Diabetic Emergency, Rachel Fisher

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) is an acute complication associated with diabetes mellitus. HHS has been known by several other names in the past. These labels include Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma, Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Coma, and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome (Hackel, 2014). HHS is characterized by severe hyperglycemia, profound dehydration, and is often accompanied by altered mental status. Less than 1% of diabetes-related admissions are due to HHS, but mortality rates are estimated to be 10% to 20% (Lenahan & Holloway, 2015). HHS typically affects the older adult population, with the average age of HHS patients being 60 years (Collopy, Kivlehan, & …

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Hashimoto’S Disease: The Underactive Thyroid Disease, Patty Anderson Jul 2015

Hashimoto’S Disease: The Underactive Thyroid Disease, Patty Anderson

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

The thyroid gland is part of the endocrine system and has a widespread function that controls multiple organ systems and processes. The main function of the thyroid gland is to produce and secrete two different thyroid hormones: triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), both of which help to meet the metabolic demands of the entire body. When the thyroid gland fails to produce T3/T4 hormones (primary gland failure) or is not activated successfully by the pituitary gland (by the release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)), or hypothalamus, this results in low levels of circulating thyroid hormone. As low levels of the …

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Management Of A Dka Patient With Severe Metabolic And Ketoacidosis With Chronic Renal Insufficiency, Brian Albany Oct 2014

Management Of A Dka Patient With Severe Metabolic And Ketoacidosis With Chronic Renal Insufficiency, Brian Albany

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) serves as one the leading causes of mortality in diabetic patients [14]. The mortality has decreased over the past several decades due to the rapid recognition of the disease state and the improvement of management of DKA [14]. Despite a decline in mortality rates over the past twenty years from 7.96% to 0.67%, errors in management of the disease state are associated with significant morbidity and mortality [2]. Utilization of DKA protocols in the acute care setting have allowed congruency in care and delivery of effective lifesaving treatment. Despite advances in standardized DKA protocols, there still remains …

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Acute Pancreatitis, Laura Payne Oct 2014

Acute Pancreatitis, Laura Payne

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Acute pancreatitis is a common diagnosis seen in intensive care units worldwide. The incidence of pancreatitis has increased over the last decade. It ranks third amongst the gastrointestinal diseases resulting in hospital admissions. The destructive complications of pancreatitis make it a life-threatening disease. If pancreatitis progresses to the severe form the mortality rate significantly increase from one percent to upwards of thirty percent. Pancreatitis is associated with high rates of morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospital admissions(Goozen, Besselink, Santroort, & Bollen, 2013). An increased understanding of the pathophysiology of pancreatitis has changed the approach to treatment from early surgical treatment to …

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Incretin Hormones And Their Effects In Type 2 Diabetes, Molly Getz Oct 2014

Incretin Hormones And Their Effects In Type 2 Diabetes, Molly Getz

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive disease characterized as having pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance and hyperglycemia (Stephens, 2010, p. 491). T2DM affected 29.1 million Americans or 9.3% of the population in 2012 and was the seventh leading cause of death in the United States in 2010 ("ADA Statistics," 2014), with many of these patients finding it difficult to achieve or maintain adequate glycemic control despite making lifestyle changes and pharmacologic interventions (Freeman, 2007). Disease management of T2DM requires a comprehensive plan including medication therapy, education and active involvement of the patient, with the goal of therapy to …

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Literary Research On Alport Syndrome, Shailendra Jain Oct 2014

Literary Research On Alport Syndrome, Shailendra Jain

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Alport syndrome is rare genetic disorder of the glomerulus in the kidneys that can be X-linked, Autosomal recessive, or Autosomal dominant in nature. Clinical manifestation includes hearing loss, hematuria, proteinuria, and hypertension (Cheungpasitporn, Kaewpoowat, Suksaranjit, Kittanamongkolchai, Srivali, Ungprasert, & Rangan, 2012). It is most common disease in males. A 24-hour urine specimen is usually obtained to check for proteinuria and elevated creatinine, which indicate acute renal failure (Cosgrove, 2012). A renal biopsy and ultrasounds is used to confirm the diagnosis of Alport Syndrome. Patients that are diagnosed with such disease require dialysis and referral to an ophthalmology and audiology. The …

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Necessity For Excellent Glycemic Control Before, During And After Cabg Surgery, Sheri Clouse Oct 2014

Necessity For Excellent Glycemic Control Before, During And After Cabg Surgery, Sheri Clouse

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

A 72 year old male patient was admitted to the hospital presenting with sharp substernal pain and pressure to the left upper chest rated a “10” out of 10. Patient complained of chest pain even at rest which was relieved by a nitroglycerin infusion. Patient had established coronary artery disease as evidenced by five prior stent placements, with the last stent placement being in 2010. The patient also presented to the Emergency Room with a blood glucose level over 600 mg/dL and because of his complaints of chest pain, was transferred to a neighboring hospital facility to have a cardiac …

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