Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Commons^™

Nature Of The Evidence Base And Approaches To Guide Nutrition Interventions For Individuals: A Position Paper From The Academy Of Nutrition Sciences, Mary Hickson, Constantina Papoutsakis, Angela M Madden, Mary Anne Smith, Kevin Whelan

Journal Articles

This Position Paper from the Academy of Nutrition Sciences is the third in a series which describe the nature of the scientific evidence and frameworks that underpin nutrition recommendations for health. This paper focuses on evidence which guides the application of dietary recommendations for individuals. In some situations, modified nutrient intake becomes essential to prevent deficiency, optimise development and health, or manage symptoms and disease progression. Disease and its treatment can also affect taste, appetite and ability to access and prepare foods, with associated financial impacts. Therefore, the practice of nutrition and dietetics must integrate and apply the sciences of …

Exploring The Longitudinal Associations Between Diet And Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Among Middle-Aged Adults In The Cardia Study, Meaghan Osborne, Dragana Komnenov

Medical Student Research Symposium

There is currently limited evidence for the use of pharmacotherapies for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Given that diet is a key health behavior, the purpose of this study was to explore dietary predictors of HFpEF among middle-aged adults. All data were obtained from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, a longitudinal cohort study. We analyzed the data from males and females (n= 2505) who had (1) completed the diet questionnaire at year(Y) 20 of follow-up and (2) undergone Doppler scan at Y30. We then classified participants as having HFpEF or not using three separate …

Pilot Implementation Of A Nutrition-Focused Community-Health-Worker Intervention Among Formerly Chronically Homeless Adults In Permanent Supportive Housing, Jane E Hamilton, Diana C Guevara, Sara F Steinfeld, Raina Jose, Farrah Hmaidan, Sarah Simmons, Calvin W Wong, Clara Smith, Eva Thibaudeau-Graczyk, Shreela V Sharma

Journal Articles

Food insecurity is a known health equity threat for formerly chronically homeless populations even after they transition into permanent housing. This project utilized a human-centered design methodology to plan and implement a nutrition-focused community-health-worker (CHW) intervention in permanent supportive housing (PSH). The project aimed to increase access to healthy foods, improve nutritional literacy, healthy cooking/eating practices, and build community/social connectedness among 140 PSH residents. Validated food-security screening conducted by CHWs identified low or very low food security among 64% of 83 residents who completed the baseline survey, which is similar to rates found in a previous study among formerly homeless …

The Gut Microbiome Modulates Associations Between Adherence To A Mediterranean-Style Diet, Abdominal Adiposity, And C-Reactive Protein In Population-Level Analysis, Amy Jennings, Tilman Kühn, Nicola P. Bondonno, Sabina Waniek, Corinna Bang, Andre Franke, Jan Kassubek, Hans-Peter Müller, Marcus Both, Katharina S. Weber, Wolfgang Lieb, Aedín Cassidy

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Adherence to a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern is likely to have variable effects on body composition, but the impact of gut microbiome on this relationship is unknown. Objectives: To examine the potential mediating effect of the gut microbiome on the associations between Alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMed) scores, abdominal adiposity, and inflammation in population-level analysis. Design: In a community-based sample aged 25 to 83 y (n = 620; 41% female) from Northern Germany, we assessed the role of the gut microbiome, sequenced from 16S rRNA genes, on the associations between aMed scores, estimated using validated food-frequency questionnaires, magnetic resonance imaging-determined visceral …

Nutritional Strategies To Optimise Musculoskeletal Health For Fall And Fracture Prevention: Looking Beyond Calcium, Vitamin D And Protein, James Webster, Jack Dalla Via, Christina Langley, Cassandra Smith, Craig Sale, Marc Sim

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Falls and osteoporotic fractures are a major public health problem, particularly among older adults. A third of individuals aged 65 years and over fall at least once each year, with up to 20 % of these resulting in serious injury, including fracture. In conjunction with regular exercise, the importance of diet for musculoskeletal health has largely focused upon calcium, vitamin D, and protein, particularly in the context of preventing falls and fractures. Whilst there is evidence for the benefits of these nutrients for musculoskeletal health, other aspects of the diet remain largely underexplored. For example, vegetables are rich sources of …

Higher Overall Intakes Are The Defining Feature Of Dietary Intakes In Nafld And Compared To The General Population, Catherine Properzi, Leon A. Adams, Johnny Lo, Jill L. Sherriff, Gary P. Jeffrey, Therese A. O’Sullivan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

We aimed to compare the dietary intakes of Australian patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to general Australian population intake data and determine whether the intake of any nutrient or food group was able to predict the degree of steatosis. Dietary data from fifty adult patients with NAFLD were compared to intake data from the Australian Health Survey for energy, macronutrients, fat sub-types, alcohol, iron, folate, sugar, fibre, sodium and caffeine. Linear regression models adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex, physical activity and body mass index) were used to examine predictive relationships between hepatic steatosis (quantified via magnetic resonance …

How Can Consuming A Plant-Based Diet Reduce The Risk Of Cardiovascular Disease In Postmenopausal Women?, Rebecca Stack

Honors Program Theses and Projects

Despite the fact that women suffer higher rates of cardiovascular events after menopause, there exists a significant underrepresentation of women—especially postmenopausal women—in cardiovascular clinical trials to date. Fortunately, current evidence reveals that cardiovascular events in the general population are largely preventable through modifiable lifestyle factors, with dietary intervention being one of the most important (Amiri et al., 2022). As the impact of whole-diet interventions on cardiovascular risk factors is further explored, it has been determined that a plant-based dietary pattern may favorably influence the prevention of cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women (Barańska et al., 2021). Evidence also reveals that certain …

Fruit And Vegetable Intake And Home Nutrition Environment Among Low-Income Minority Households With Elementary-Aged Children, Brittni Naylor Metoyer, Ru-Jye Chuang, Minjae Lee, Christine Markham, Eric L Brown, Maha Almohamad, Jayna M Dave, Shreela V Sharma

Journal Articles

Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic differences were shown to have an influence on child fruit and vegetable intake. This study examined the associations between parent and child fruit and vegetable intake and the home nutrition environment among Hispanic/Latino and African American families. Through a cross-sectional study design, self-reported surveys (

Diet, Physical Activity, And Stress Among Wheelchair Users With Multiple Sclerosis: Examining Individual And Co-Occurring Behavioral Risk Factors, Stephanie L Silveira, Brenda Jeng, Gary Cutter, Robert W Motl

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: This study examined individual and co-occurring behavioral risk factors (diet, exercise, and stress) in wheelchair users with multiple sclerosis (MS) and potential association with MS symptoms (ie, fatigue, depression, anxiety, pain, sleep, and health-related quality of life [HRQOL]).

DESIGN: Survey.

SETTING: General Community.

PARTICIPANTS: One hundred twenty-three wheelchair users with MS completed this study (N=123).

INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants were mailed instructions for accessing online questionnaires (demographic and clinical characteristics, Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool, and MS symptoms).

RESULTS: Standard cut-points were used to categorize behavioral risk factors …

Plasma Metabolites Associated With Cognitive Function Across Race/Ethnicities Affirming The Importance Of Healthy Nutrition, Einat Granot-Hershkovitz, Shan He, Jan Bressler, Bing Yu, Wassim Tarraf, Casey M Rebholz, Jianwen Cai, Queenie Chan, Tanya P Garcia, Thomas Mosley, Bruce S Kristal, Charles Decarli, Myriam Fornage, Guo-Chong Chen, Qibin Qi, Robert Kaplan, Hector M González, Tamar Sofer

Journal Articles

INTRODUCTION: We studied the replication and generalization of previously identified metabolites potentially associated with global cognitive function in multiple race/ethnicities and assessed the contribution of diet to these associations.

METHODS: We tested metabolite-cognitive function associations in U.S.A. Hispanic/Latino adults (n = 2222) from the Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and in European (n = 1365) and African (n = 478) Americans from the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) Study. We applied Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses to assess causal associations between the metabolites and cognitive function and between Mediterranean diet and cognitive function.

RESULTS: Six metabolites were consistently associated …

Longitudinal Associations Between Dietary Fructose And Sodium And Systolic And Diastolic Blood Pressure Among Us Black And White Adults In The Cardia Study, Rana Elhamzawy, Dragana Komnenov, Daniel Domin

Medical Student Research Symposium

Longitudinal associations between dietary fructose and sodium and systolic and diastolic blood pressure among US Black and White adults in the CARDIA study

Authors: Rana Elhamzawy, Daniel Domin, Dragana Komnenov

Hypertension is one of the leading risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Likewise, suboptimal dietary habits, including high fructose and sodium intake, are major contributors to mortality. High dietary fructose alone predisposes to salt-sensitivity of blood pressure, which is an independent, significant cardiovascular risk factor. We previously showed in our rat model of fructose-salt-sensitive hypertension that even a short term (4 weeks) feeding with 20% fructose and 4% …

Association Of Healthful Plant-Based Diet Adherence With Risk Of Mortality And Major Chronic Diseases Among Adults In The Uk, Alysha S. Thompson, Anna Tresserra-Rimbau, Nena Karavasiloglou, Amy Jennings, Marie Cantwell, Claire Hill, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Nicola P. Bondonno, Neil Murphy, Sabine Rohrmann, Aedín Cassidy, Tilman Kühn

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Importance: Plant-based diets have gained popularity for both environmental and health reasons, but a comprehensive assessment of their quality in relation to risk of mortality and major chronic diseases is lacking. Objective: To examine whether healthful vs unhealthful plant-based dietary patterns are associated with mortality and major chronic diseases among UK adults. Design, Setting, and Participants: This prospective cohort study used data from adults in the UK Biobank, a large-scale population-based study. Participants were recruited between 2006 and 2010 and followed up using record linkage data until 2021; follow-up for different outcomes ranged between 10.6 and 12.2 years. Data analysis …

A Comprehensive Examination Of The Evidence For Whole Of Diet Patterns In Parkinson's Disease: A Scoping Review, Joanna Rees, Jillian Ryan, Manja Laws, Amanda Devine

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Both motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD), a progressive neurological condition, have broad-ranging impacts on nutritional intake and dietary behaviour. Historically studies focused on individual dietary components, but evidence demonstrating ameliorative outcomes with whole-of-diet patterns such as Mediterranean and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) is emerging. These diets provide plenty of antioxidant rich fruits, vegetables, nuts, wholegrains and healthy fats. Paradoxically, the ketogenic diet, high fat and very low carbohydrate, is also proving to be beneficial. Within the PD community, it is well advertised that nutritional intake is associated with disease progression and symptom severity but understandably, …

Plant-Based Dietary Patterns And Parkinson's Disease: A Prospective Analysis Of The Uk Biobank, Anna Tresserra-Rimbau, Alysha S. Thompson, Nicola Bondonno, Amy Jennings, Tilman Kühn, Aedín Cassidy

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Plant-based diets have been associated with a lower risk of several chronic diseases, but the relationship with PD is unknown. Objectives: We examined the association of three different plant-based diets with PD incidence in the UK Biobank cohort. Methods: We conducted a prospective study among 126,283 participants from the UK Biobank cohort. Three plant-based diet indices (overall plant-based diet index, PDI; healthful plant-based diet index, hPDI; and unhealthful plant-based diet index, uPDI) were derived from 24-hour dietary recalls based on 17 food groups. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the risk of PD across quartiles of the …

"Keep Your Chin Up, And Keep Eating": Perceptions Of Barriers And Facilitators To Healthful Dietary Behaviors Among Individuals With Gastrointestinal Cancer And Caregivers, Brandy-Joe Milliron, Cynthia Klobodu, Jonathan Deutsch, Karon Martyn, Dan Dychtwald, Emily Riahi, Shawn Carro, Taylor Hisek, Natalie Darcy, Ann C. Klassen

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: This study explored perceptions of barriers and facilitators to healthful dietary behaviors among patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer and their caregivers, including caregiver preparedness, patient and caregiver self-efficacy for symptom management, and other environmental, social, and familial factors that may serve as barriers and facilitators to healthful eating.

METHODS: Using a concurrent mixed methods cross-sectional study design, individuals with GI cancer receiving outpatient chemotherapy and their caregivers completed surveys, dietary assessments, and interviews. Caregiving preparedness, self-efficacy for symptom management, and dietary intake were assessed using validated instruments. Dietary quality was measured using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2020. In-depth interviews …

How Did The Dietary Habits Of Patients With Chronic Medical Conditions Change During Covid-19?, Sahil K. Patel, Adarsh Gupta

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Faculty Scholarship

CONTEXT: Previous studies have examined the changes in the dietary habits of general populations during the COVID-19 pandemic but have not focused on specific populations such as those with chronic medical conditions (CMCs). Prior to major vaccination efforts, 96.1% of deaths were attributed to patients with preexisting CMCs, thus it is important to examine how this population has endured changes.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify differences in dietary habits, lifestyle habits, and food attitudes between those with CMCs compared to the populations without chronic medical conditions (non-CMCs) since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: An …

A Guide To Common Nutrition, Troy Scheer

Honors Theses

The purpose of this project was to use the knowledge I have gained through my undergraduate courses and apply it in a format that would be beneficial for the average consumer. This project was researched, written, and designed to be accessible by someone without a background in science or nutrition with the goal of educating the reader of some basic nutrition principles. With this knowledge, it is my hope that the reader will be able to make better nutritional choices and liver a longer and healthier lifestyle by first learning how to choose the right foods. While putting this project …

Desired Resources For Changing Diet Among Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: Qualitative Inquiry Informing Future Dietary Interventions, Stephanie L Silveira, Emma V Richardson, Robert W Motl

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: There are approximately 1 million adults in the United States with multiple sclerosis (MS). Persons with MS are interested in diet as a second-line therapy for improving MS symptoms and disease progression. Examination of desired resources regarding diet among persons with MS is necessary for supporting behavior change.

METHODS: Twenty-five adults with MS completed 1-on-1, online semistructured interviews. An inductive, 6-phase, semantic thematic analysis was applied to identify themes associated with participant preferences for dietary behavior change.

RESULTS: The research team crafted 4 key themes from the data that encompassed participants' desired resources for dietary behavior change. Theme 1, …

Self-Reported Diet And Health Outcomes Of Participants Of The Ccsvi-Tracking Survey Study, Patricia Grace-Farfaglia

Health Science Faculty Publications

Of the 1575 participants of the CCSVI-Tracking Survey, 475 patients recorded their quality of life and EDSS outcomes for at least 2 months. Self-reported use of complementary and conventional therapies included diet, use of drug therapy, symptoms, quality of life, and mobility. Analysis included comparing outcomes related to different diets within and between groups. Adherence to the MS diet was not associated with a greater quality of life, less disability, a lower Symptom Score, or faster walking speed compared to other diets. Alternately, the participants from the Mediterranean diet region as a whole (µ = 32.65 (SD = 11.37, SE …

The Effect Of Nutrition Education On Dietary Knowledge And Fruit And Vegetable Consumption In Children, Colleen A. Thompson

DNP Research Projects

No abstract provided.

Maternal Feeding Practices And Toddlers’ Fruit And Vegetable Consumption: Results From The Dit - Coombe Hospital Birth Cohort In Ireland, Xiyao Liu, Qianling Zhou, Keara Clarke, Katherine Younger, Meijing An, Zhouyinuo Li, Yang Tan, John Kearney

Articles

Health benefits of fruit and vegetable have been well recognized. However, insufficient consumption of fruit and vegetable is prevalent among toddlers, and has become a global public health issue. Maternal feeding practices are potential factors influencing toddlers’ dietary intake, including fruit and vegetable intake. This study was conducted to explore the influence of maternal feeding practices on toddlers’ fruit and vegetable consumption in Ireland.

Physical Activity, Dietary Patterns, And Glycemic Management Of Active Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes: An Online Survey, Sheri Colberg, Jihan Kannane, Norou Diawara

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are able to balance their blood glucose levels while engaging in a wide variety of physical activities and sports. However, insulin use forces them to contend with many daily training and performance challenges involved with fine-tuning medication dosing, physical activity levels, and dietary patterns to optimize their participation and performance. The aim of this study was to ascertain which variables related to the diabetes management of physically active individuals with T1D have the greatest impact on overall blood glucose levels (reported as A1C) in a real-world setting. A total of 220 individuals with T1D …

Diabetes Debunked: What You Need To Know, Maggie Hutson

Honors Theses

The goal of this Honors creative project is to encourage health literacy in populations who are curious about Type 2 Diabetes or have Type 2 Diabetes. From personal experience, I have seen noncompliance in diabetics and wondered why since it is a serious, progressive disease. After researching, I found that some diabetics do not understand the scope of their disease, especially since many of the dangerous complications that arise from Type 2 Diabetes do not present until later in the disease when it is too late. For my senior project, I decided to write an educational paper as a supplement …

Benefits Of Intermittent Fasting: A Systematic Review Of Randomized Clinical Trials, Kavisha N. Abeyasekera

Physician Assistant Studies | Student Articles

Background: Daily calorie restriction regimens are still the most common diet strategies implemented for weight loss. ^[2,3] In the recent years, intermittent fasting (IMF) has gained popularity among some of the easier diets to follow.^[4]

Objective: The objective of this study is to use the available data on short- and long-term effects of intermittent fasting, either by time restricted feeding or alternate day fasting and help healthcare providers decide on which patients should be recommended IMF as a dietary option.

Study design: Searched Google Scholar, CINAHL, PubMed and Cochrane databases for evidence-based literature on intermittent fasting. Included studies: …

The Impact Of Lifestyle Medicine On Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Kelli L. Noble

DNP Research Projects

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide. The main risk factor for the development of NAFLD is metabolic syndrome. Women are at greatest risk, typically in their 5th to 6th decade of life. The more aggressive form of NAFLD is nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which is characterized by inflammation associated with NAFLD. NASH has the greatest tendency to progress into cirrhosis. However, lifestyle intervention has been shown to effectively treat, and even reverse NAFLD. The purpose of this quantitative, quasi-experimental study was to lend additional research and demonstrate improvement in NAFLD through lifestyle intervention with 1) …

Fruit And Vegetable Knowledge And Intake Within An Australian Population: The Ausdiab Study, Caroline R. Hill, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Simone Radavelli-Bagatini, Marc Sim, Richard J. Woodman, Amanda Devine, Jonathan E. Shaw, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Robin M. Daly, Joshua R. Lewis

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Understanding the relationship between fruit and vegetable knowledge (FVK) and fruit and vegetable intake (FVI) is an important consideration for improved public health and successful targeting of health promotion messaging. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between FVK and FVI in Australian adults and to identify subgroups most at risk of poor knowledge. Using data from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab), we investigated associations between FVK and FVI, as well as demographic and lifestyle factors. Baseline FVK was measured using two self-reported questions. FVI …

Association Between Spatial Access To Food Outlets, Frequency Of Grocery Shopping, And Objectively-Assessed And Self-Reported Fruit And Vegetable Consumption, Jared T. Mcguirt, Stephanie B. Jilcott Pitts, Alison Gustafson

Dietetics and Human Nutrition Faculty Publications

Because supermarkets are a critical part of the community food environment, the purpose of this paper is to examine the association between accessibility to the supermarket where participants were surveyed, frequency of shopping at the supermarket, and self-reported and objectively-assessed fruit and vegetable consumption. Accessibility was assessed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) measured distance and multiple versions of the modified Retail Food Environment Index (mRFEI), including a localized road network buffer version. Frequency of shopping was assessed using self-report. The National Cancer Institute Fruit and Vegetable screener was used to calculate daily servings of fruits and vegetables. Skin carotenoids were …

Impact Of Individual Traits, Saturated Fat, And Protein Source On The Gut Microbiome., Jennifer M Lang, Calvin Pan, Rita M Cantor, W H Wilson Tang, Jose Carlos Garcia-Garcia, Ira Kurtz, Stanley L Hazen, Nathalie Bergeron, Ronald M Krauss, Aldons J Lusis

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Pharmacy

Interindividual variation in the composition of the human gut microbiome was examined in relation to demographic and anthropometric traits, and to changes in dietary saturated fat intake and protein source. One hundred nine healthy men and women aged 21 to 65, with BMIs of 18 to 36, were randomized, after a two-week baseline diet, to high (15% total energy [E])- or low (7%E)-saturated-fat groups and randomly received three diets (four weeks each) in which the protein source (25%E) was mainly red meat (beef, pork) (12%E), white meat (chicken, turkey) (12%E), and nonmeat sources (nuts, beans, soy) (16%E). Taxonomic characterization using …

Dietary Intake And Physical Activity Assessment: Current Tools, Techniques, And Technologies For Use In Adult Populations., Holly L. Mcclung, Lauren T. Ptomey, Robin P. Shook, Anju Aggarwal, Anna M. Gorczyca, Edward S. Sazonov, Katie Becofsky, Rick Weiss, Sai Krupa Das

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Accurate assessment of dietary intake and physical activity is a vital component for quality research in public health, nutrition, and exercise science. However, accurate and consistent methodology for the assessment of these components remains a major challenge. Classic methods use self-report to capture dietary intake and physical activity in healthy adult populations. However, these tools, such as questionnaires or food and activity records and recalls, have been shown to underestimate energy intake and expenditure as compared with direct measures like doubly labeled water. This paper summarizes recent technological advancements, such as remote sensing devices, digital photography, and multisensor devices, which …

Testing A Web-Based Interactive Comic Tool To Decrease Obesity Risk Among Minority Preadolescents: Protocol For A Pilot Randomized Control Trial, May May Leung, Katrina F. Mateo, Sandra Verdaguer, Katarzyna Wyka

Publications and Research

Background: Childhood obesity is a public health crisis, particularly in low-income, minority populations in the United States. Innovative and technology-enhanced interventions may be an engaging approach to reach at-risk youth and their parents to improve dietary behaviors and feeding practices. However, such tools are limited, especially ones that are theory-based; co-developed with user-centered approaches; tailored to low-income, minority preadolescents; and include parent-focused content.

Objective: The objectives of this study include assessing the feasibility and acceptability and exploring the potential impact of the Intervention INC (Interactive Nutrition Comics for urban, minority preadolescents) Web-based tool, which is focused on decreasing childhood obesity …