Dental Materials Commons^™

Clinical Outcomes Of Adjunctive Use Of Oxygen-Releasing Formula In Non-Surgical Treatment Of Periodontal Abscess Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Anil Kumar Kanakamedala, Laxmi Kavya Gangireddy, Gautami S Penmetsa, Sruthima Gottumukkala, Mohan Kumar Pasupuleti, Konathala Santhosh Venkata Ramesh

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of oxygen-releasing formula (ORF) as an adjunct in the non-surgical management of periodontal abscess in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This split-mouth clinical trial was conducted on 14 patients with periodontal abscess with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who were divided into a control group, nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) alone, and a test group (NSPT+ORF). Parameters such as Landry's healing index (HI) were evaluated at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month. Probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing presence or absence (BOP) …

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting In Dental Practice And The Importance Of Pharmacovigilance In Dental Education, Radhakrishna Lagishetty, Lakshmi Ramya T, Kvr Barath Raju, Mohan Kumar Pasupuleti

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a critical component of patient safety; however, ADR monitoring remains underutilized in dentistry. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding ADR reporting among undergraduate and postgraduate students and practicing dentists.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a structured, validated 19-item questionnaire covering socio-demographics, knowledge (6 items), attitude (4 items), and practice (5 items), which was distributed both in person and online. A total of 258 complete responses were analyzed out of 300 individuals contacted (response rate: 86%). Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were applied, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results …

Investigation Of Patients' Use Of Non-Pharmacological Substances In Dental Pain Management, Neslihan Yılmaz Çırakoğlu, Özgenur Kaya

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Background: Dental pain is a complex condition influenced by biological, biochemical, environmental, and psychological factors. Before seeking professional care, many patients attempt to relieve dental pain using self-administered, non-medical agents. This study aimed to investigate patients’ use of non-pharmacological substances in dental pain management and to identify factors influencing these practices.

Methods: The questionnaire consisted of four sections addressing demographic characteristics, oral hygiene habits, pain characteristics, and pain-relief agents. Categorical variables were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test. Categorical data are presented as frequencies and percentages, while continuous data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and median values. …

Orthodontic Camouflage Treatment Of A Severe Class Iii Skeletal Pattern With Anterior Open Bite: A Case Report, Dikeledi Maureen Letsholo, Mandla Dominic Nyakale, Mosimane Peter Silas Sethusa

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Background: Class III malocclusion combined with anterior open bite (AOB) is one of the most challenging occlusal problems to treat. The objective of this article was to report a case of an adult female patient diagnosed with Class III malocclusion combined with an anterior open bite and a hyperdivergent facial pattern.

Case Report: Camouflage orthodontic treatment with the extraction of maxillary and mandibular first premolars was used to treat the patient. Anterior teeth were retracted maximally against the Nance holding arch and fixed lingual arch appliances, and box elastics were used to close AOB. At the end of …

In Silico Model Of Musa Acuminata Stem As An Anticancer On Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Against Egfr, Nevrila Dewi Rachmayani, Amy Nindia Carabelly, I Wayan Arya Krishnawan Firdaus, Maharani Laillyza Apriasari, Juliyatin Putri Utami

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Citral, eucalyptol, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), which are derived from Musa acuminata, have shown anticancer activity. This study evaluated the potential of citral, eucalyptol, and CAPE from Musa acuminata as anticancer agents for OSCC by targeting EGFR using an in silico approach.

Methods: Potential biological activity was predicted using Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) Online. Molecular docking was conducted with AutoDock Vina, and BIOVIA Discovery Studio was used to analyze binding affinity, interaction types, and bond …

Micro-Ct Evaluation Of Root Canal Transportation And Centering Ability In Mesial Canals Of Mandibular First Molars, Selen Ince Yusufoglu, Esma Saricam, Mert Ocak, Ferhat Geneci, Burak Bilecenoğlu

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Background: This study aimed to evaluate canal transportation, centering ability, structure model index (SMI), surface area, and root canal volume changes in the mesial canals of mandibular first molars using micro-CT.

Methods: Twenty-four mandibular first molars with two separate mesial canals and moderate curvature were included. Teeth were scanned using micro-CT before instrumentation and randomly divided into three groups (N = 8). Root canals were prepared using OneShape, OneCurve, and Rotate file systems, followed by post-instrumentation micro-CT scanning (10µm/pixel resolution). Changes in canal volume, surface area, transportation, centering ability, and SMI were analyzed at the apical, middle, and …

Evaluation Of An Audiovisual Educational Tool With Reinforcement Messages For Orthodontic Patients: A 6-Month Randomized Controlled Trial, Laura Restrepo Quijano, Maria Paula Vasco Gomez, Natalia Hurtado Velasquez, Luis Fabian Benitez Moreno

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Background: Orthodontic treatment increases the risk of bacterial plaque accumulation; therefore, oral hygiene education is essential to prevent complications, but its impact is usually limited when it is not reinforced with effective tools. This study aims to evaluate an audiovisual educational tool with reinforcement messages, compared with a verbal explanation about the proper use of the orthodontic oral hygiene kit.

Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial that included 62 patients randomly assigned to an intervention group: 31 patients who received an educational video plus three reinforcement messages via WhatsApp, and a control group: 31 patients who received …

From Silos To Systems: A Conceptual Framework For Workforce Aligned Oral Health Education, Meghan Bastin

2026 Scholarly Teaching Conference: Poster Session Papers

In the current U.S. educational system, becoming a dentist follows a few prescriptive pathways.  Learners typically complete an undergraduate degree before entering time-intensive doctoral training.  This results in only 3-4 years of direct professional education embedded within an eight -year process, while learners accumulate significant financial investment in their education.  With the average cost of graduate-level dental education alone exceeding $300,000 and new federal borrowing limits likely to further constrain access, there is an opportunity to explore alternative ways of structuring oral health education.

This poster presents a conceptual, system-level framework that explores a perspective in which oral health education …

Infection Control Across Clinical And Laboratory Dental Settings Protocols, Risks, And The Role Of Emerging Technologies, Khrystyna Vyprynyuk, Laura Andreesku

Publications and Research

This article explores infection prevention strategies and disease transmission pathways in dental settings, emphasizing the critical connection between clinical practice and dental laboratories. It highlights the risks of cross-contamination, disinfection and sterilization challenges, and the growing role of technology in enhancing infection control.

Musculoskeletal Disorders In Dentistry: An Insight Into Dental Techniques And Practices, Mehwash Kashif, Aman Ashar, Amna Rehman, Abdul Aleem, Sidra-Tul-Muntaha Hashmi, Muhammad Yousuf Ali

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common workplace hazards in dentistry resulting from poor ergonomics and static postures, which lead to back, neck, and upper limb (shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand) problems among dentists, resulting in harm to their health, productivity, and career. This study aimed to assess the frequency of MSDs, risk factors related to MSDs, and awareness of ergonomics among clinicians. Methods: Data were collected from 400 dental professionals, including house officers, postgraduate trainees, general dentists, and teachers/consultants, each with at least 12 months of practice. Data were collected using a structured, closed-ended questionnaire. Before data collection, ethical approval …

Cooling Protocols Impact On Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments Cyclic Fatigue Resistance Under Extreme Curvatures And Sodium Hypochlorite, Palak Ravjibhai Ranparia, Chintan Joshi, Mona Somani, Aashray Patel, Urooj Desai, Janki Prajapati

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: In this work, Hyflex CM, TruNatomy, and Plex V heat-treated nickel titanium rotary instruments were evaluated at body temperature (36 °C ± 1 °C) with and without a cooling protocol to assess the cyclic fatigue resistance. Methods: A 90° curved stainless-steel block was used for cyclic fatigue tests on 60 randomly selected rotary instruments, divided into two groups of 30: body temperature (n = 10) and body temperature with cooling (n = 10). Instruments were further subdivided into 6 groups of 3 different instruments. Cooling protocol group instruments received 5-second spray cooling every 30 seconds, along with continuous 5% …

Self-Medication Behavior Of Dental Students With Oral Ulceration Lesions: A Cross-Sectional Study In Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Fita Fathaya Iriana, Hendri Susanto, Rosa Amalia

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: Self-medication refers to medication behavior for self-diagnosed symptoms. Oral ulcers are self-medicated lesions in the oral cavity. Dental students have different knowledge about oral cavity lesions and may self-medicate using drugs. This study aimed to determine the self-medication behavior of dental students for oral ulcers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on dental students in the Faculty of Dentistry from different batch years. Purposive sampling was used to select students with oral ulcer lesions in the last six months. A validated and reliable questionnaire was used to assess self-medication behavior. Data collection using the online form. Student behavior …

Neutral Zone Vs. Conventional Denture Fabrication: A Randomized Crossover Study On Denture Performance, Karthik Kannaiyan, Arunima Chauhan, Vijayendranath Nayak, Riyshmaa Devendaran, Dashmita Peterson, Pavittra Kanesan, Vityaa Lakshmi

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objectives: It is challenging to achieve satisfactory outcomes in a complete denture for patients with resorbed residual ridges. Utilization of neutral zone techniques to guide posterior denture tooth arrangement and denture base contouring has been considered for many decades. However, the evidence is still not enough to revise protocols. This study aimed to compare patient satisfaction and stability of neutral zone denture with conventional denture. Methods: A crossover clinical trial was conducted among patients with resorbed mandibular ridges. Each participant received two sets of dentures: one fabricated using the neutral zone technique and one using the conventional method, in a …

Papillon–Lefèvre Syndrome: A Report Of Four Cases In One Family, Muhammed Abdullah Çege, Dilek Aynur Çankal, Ebru Binici, Bilge Turhan Bal

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the cathepsin C gene and inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. The risk of its occurrence is heightened by consanguineous marriages. PLS affects both genders and presents with hyperkeratotic patches on the hands and feet and precocious aggressive periodontitis. Although teeth initially erupt normally, rapid resorption in periodontal tissues leads to swift tooth loss, and prosthetic rehabilitation is complicated due to aggressive alveolar bone resorption. Case report: In 2021, a brother and sister sought dental treatment at Gazi University’s Faculty of Dentistry. After thorough examinations, the brother underwent …

Evaluation Of Dentistry Students' Perceptions And Attitudes Towards Artificial Intelligence In Kazakhstan, Yasin Yasa, Kubeisin Altynbekov, Nazgul Onaibekova

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: Artificial intelligence’s (AI) potential to analyze medical data and improve patient outcomes is driving its rapid integration into healthcare systems. This study addresses the knowledge gap regarding Kazakhstani dental students’ attitudes toward AI in dentistry. Methods: A survey with 213 participants assessed dental students’ views on AI in dentistry at two Kazakhstani universities. A self-administered questionnaire (22 items) via Google Forms was used to gather data on demographics, baseline knowledge (information sources, understanding of AI principles, and familiarity with dental AI applications), and attitudes/perceptions. Frequency analyses and chi-square tests (p < 0.05) explored the responses. Results: The survey included 213 dental students (mean …

Synthesis And Partial Characterization Of Chitosan Phosphorylation From Marine Cuttlefish Sepia Aculeata (Orbingy, 1848) And Its Antimicrobial Potentials Against Oral Pathogens, Yathin Reddy Putta, Annathai Pitchai, Pasiyappazham Ramasamy

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objectives: This study investigated the synthesis and partial characterization of phosphorylated chitosan extracted from the cuttlebone of Sepia aculeata (Orbingy, 1848) and evaluated its antimicrobial potential against oral pathogens. Methods: The synthesis of phosphorylated chitosan from Sepia aculeata cuttlebone involved several steps: cleaning, deproteinization, demineralization to extract chitin, deacetylation to produce chitosan, and phosphorylation to introduce phosphate groups. Phosphorylation enhances the properties of chitosan, making it a promising candidate for oral health applications. Phosphorylated chitosan was purified and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to confirm structural changes. This process enhances …

Microstructural And Elemental Characterization Of Hydrated Carbonated Hydroxyapatite As Pulp Capping Agent: An In Vitro Study, S.Swathi Priyadharshini, Chinnasamy Ragavendran, J. Ramana Ramya, Anand Sherwood

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Understanding the microstructural and elemental composition of pulp capping materials is crucial for predicting their biocompatibility and effectiveness in promoting pulp healing. Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the microstructural and elemental properties of carbonated hydroxyapatite as a dental pulp-capping material. Methods: Carbonated hydroxyapatite was synthesized using the precipitation method. MTA and Apacal ART were obtained from commercial sources. The materials were prepared into disk-shaped specimens, hydrated in deionized water at 37°C for 14 days, and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Results: SEM images revealed that MTA exhibited smooth, plate-like crystalline structures surrounded by …

Does Periodontal Treatment During Pregnancy Reduce The Incidence Of Preterm Birth Rates?: A Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Controlled Trials, Ashraf Elzer, Raga A. Elzahaf, Hameda Asrafel, Khalid Sassi, Mohamed Jedeh

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: To find out if scaling and root planing for periodontal disease during pregnancy lowers the incidence of preterm births. Methods: This is a meta-analysis study design; searches were conducted in the PubMed database and on Google Scholar between January 2000 and December 2023. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were considered. The studies will be examined to determine the relationship between non-surgical periodontal treatment and preterm birth rates among pregnant women. Results: Only 14 trials were included out of 194 articles identified. The overall result indicated a statistically significant reduction in preterm birth rate when we use the random …

Histomorphometric Assessment Of Vibrational Forces On The Extended Midpalatal Suture, Aylin Pasaoglu Bozkurt, Özge Özdal Zincir, Asli Emincik

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: This study determined the effects of vibrational forces on bone formation in the retention period of an expanded mid-palatal, histomorphometric suture in a rat model. Methods: Twenty-four 7–8- to 8-week-old male Wistar rats weighing 190.25 ± 15.35 g were separated into groups: only expansion (G1), expansion and 30 Hz vibration application (G2), and expansion and 111 Hz vibration application (G3). After 5 days of expansion, there were 12 days of retention. All animals were sacrificed, and their premaxilla were dissected. A histological examination evaluated the number of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and capillaries, the amount of mineralized area, and …

Comparative Evaluation Of Tooth Enamel Surface Microhardness Exposed To Novel Modified Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate, Apf Gel And Gc Tooth Mousse, P Rahmath Meeral, Indumathy Pandiyan, Meignana Arumugham

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: The acidic pH of remineralizing agents is beneficial in etching the enamel to facilitate increased remineralization. This study aims to modify the pH of Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium phosphate to acidic and evaluate the enamel surface microhardness exposed to acidified CPP ACPF, acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF gel), and conventional CPP ACPF. Methods: The pH of conventional CPP ACPF (GC Tooth Mousse) is acidified. 24 tooth samples were assigned into three groups receiving as follows: Group 1 (n = 8) acidified CPP ACPF, Group 2 (n = 8) APF gel, and Group 3 (n = 8) CPP ACPF for four …

Esthetic Management Of Maxillary Anteriors With Complicated And Uncomplicated Fractures Using Different Fragment Reattachment Approaches, Lavanya A, Rajendra Kumar Tewari, Sharique Alam

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Appropriate management of anterior tooth fracture restores the function and aesthetics and provides a positive psychological impact for the patient. One of the most conservative approaches for such a restoration is reattachment; if a fracture fragment remains attached to the tooth and is available, as in young patients, immediate reporting helps preserve the vitality and long-term defense mechanism. Objective: This case report provides two cases with varied approaches for the management of complicated and uncomplicated crown fractures using reattachment procedures. Case report: During the clinical examination, the first case described the management of an uncomplicated fracture using the …

Developing An Ordered Logistics Regression Model For Denture Hygiene Among Elderly In Residential Care Homes, Wan Muhamad Amir W Ahmad, Ruhana Hasan, Mohamad Nasarudin Adnan, Farah Muna Mohamad Ghazali, Hazik Bin Shahzad, Nor Azlida Aleng, Mohamad Shafiq Mohd Ibrahim

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

With a global aging population, the oral hygiene of elderly individuals in institutional settings requires unique management. Maintaining adequate denture hygiene is a critical aspect of their overall well-being, while neglecting denture hygiene can lead to various oral health issues, malnutrition, and further impacting their overall health. Objective: This paper aims to provide a preliminary overview of denture hygiene care among the elderly using an ordered logistics model. Methods: Data was obtained from 174 participants in two government institutional homes in Malaysia. The Principle Components Analysis (PCA) was used to identify significant variables and an ordered logistic model …

Contents Of Vol. 31, No.2, August 2024, Dr. Yuniardini Septorini Septorini Wimardhani

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

This is the Cover and the Contents of the Vol. 31 No. 2 2024

Assessment Of Mandibular Incisive Canal And Anterior Loop In Cone Beam Computed Tomography In Vietnamese Mature Patients: A Retrospective Study, Anh Kha Le, Thao Phuong Tran, Tra Thu Nguyen, Loc Nguyen Gia Pham, Trung Thanh Nguyen, Viet Hoang Do

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: This study aimed to assess the anatomical length of the mandibular incisive canal and anterior loop and the distance to surrounding structures. Methods: Our study was conducted on 70 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) films of 70 Vietnamese adult outpatients (40 females, 30 males) at Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam. T-test was applied to assess the difference between the two sides and genders. Results: The mean length of the mandibular incisive canal (MIC) was 12.83 ± 5.13 mm. The anterior loop (AL) prevalence was 62.86%, with an average length of 2.37 ± 0.90 mm. The difference between the right and …

Hyaluronic Acid In Managing Deep Residual Pockets In Stage Iii-Iv Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Mohamad Adib Jaafar, Esther Voo Vui Ching, Sharul Nisha Ali, Jeyanthi Subramaniam, Yuhaniz Ahmad Yaziz

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the adjunctive clinical effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) in the non-surgical treatment of subjects with residual pockets (≥ 6 mm) at the maintenance phase. Methods: 36 systemically healthy subjects in the periodontal maintenance phase were included in this 3-month randomized clinical trial. Subjects received a course of full-mouth, scaling and root debridement (SRD). In the test group (n = 18), HA 0.8% was applied subgingivally immediately after SRD. The control group (n = 18) was treated with SRD only. Subjects in both groups were required to apply HA 0.2% …

Role Of Titanium-Reinforced Platelet-Rich Fibrin In Periodontal Tissue Regeneration-A Systematic Review, Bhavya Manchala, Anurag Teju, Mohan Kumar Pasupuleti, Gautami S Penmetsa, Sruthima Gottumukkala, Venkata Lakshmi

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: The objective of the study is to demonstrate the efficacy of Titanium reinforced platelet-rich fibrin (T-PRF) as the sole biomaterial amongst the biologics in periodontal regeneration of both soft and hard tissues. Methods: A PUBMED database search is conducted from August 2013 to August 2023. Only original articles, including Randomized controlled clinical trials, cross-sectional studies, prospective studies, and case-control studies, were included. The studies will be analyzed regarding the outcome of the association between T-PRF and periodontal regeneration of both hard and soft tissue. Results: From 35 articles identified, 8 RCTs were included. The use of …

Avicennia Marina Mangrove Plant Mediated Selenium Nanoparticles And Their Therapeutic Activity Against Oral Pathogens And Other Biological Properties, Kannan Kamala, Pitchiah Sivaperumal, Dhanraj Ganapathy

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

In the last few decades nanoparticles are widely used in the control of many pathogenic bacteria, fungi, viruses, and cancer growth both in-vitro and in-vivo. A marine plant of Avicennia marina is widely used in traditional medicine for diabetes, inflammation and skin diseases. Objective: In general Avicennia marina has been used as a traditional medicine to treat various diseases and it has shown significant inhibition against various pathogen and the formation of free radicals. Also, the plant A.marina mediated selenium nanoparticles has therapeutic activity has promising to develop biocompatible new cost effective treatment for various oral diseases. Methods: …

Success Of Early Childhood Caries After Treatment With Silver Diamine Fluoride Compared To Conventional Glass Ionomer Restoration. A Systematic Review, Sara H. Younis, Afnan M. Elkordy, Nouran M. Alshazly

Future Dental Journal

Abstract

Aim: To compare the success rate regarding esthetics, parenteral satisfaction, and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) after treatment of early childhood caries with Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF)compared to conventional Glass ionomer Restoration (CGI).

Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA statement by searching on the following electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane.

Results: From the studies included in this systematic review, two studies showed significant difference in color stability between SDF and CGI. Two studies showed no significant difference in parental satisfaction with either SDF or Glass Ionomer. Regarding the Oral Health Related Quality of Life, …

The Effect Of Preparation Design And Thermal Cycling On The Marginal Accuracy Of Hybrid Ceramic Laminate Veneers, Esraa El Bably, Ossama Saleh Abdelghany, Mostafa Aboushahba, Shereen Ahmed Nossair

Future Dental Journal

Aim: This study investigated the effect of preparation design and thermal cycling on the marginal accuracy of hybrid ceramic laminate veneers. Materials and Methods: A total of twenty 3D printed dies of central incisors prepared with 2 preparation designs; butt joint and palatal wrap design were fabricated. Each type of preparation was assigned into 2 subgroups (n=5/each subgroup) according to the type of material used for fabrication of the laminate veneer; hybrid ceramic and lithium disilicate (served as control). Marginal discrepancy was evaluated using a digital microscope before and after thermocycling. Results: Statistically analysis of marginal gaps revealed that before …

Comparison Between Orthodontic Measurements Taken From Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (Cbct) And Digital Models After Enmasse Retraction In Orthodontic Patients With Maxillary Protrusion., Amr M. Attia, Amr R. El-Beialy, Heba M. Dehis, Yehya A. Moustafa

Future Dental Journal

ABSTRACT

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and reliability in measuring anchorage loss, molar rotation, and total amount of retraction using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to compare them with the same measurements obtained using digitally scanned dental models. Materials and methods: 24 patients requiring comprehensive orthodontic treatment including extraction of 1st premolars with maximum anchorage using enmasse retraction. CBCTs were undertaken on the same 24 patients using InVivoDental software for measurement. The digital cast was made using alginate impressions, from which virtual 3D models will be created and measured using 3Shape analyzer software. Orthodontic measurements will …