Dentistry Commons^™

Natural Remedies To Combat Aberrant Hallmark Signatures Including Altered Glycosylation In Oral Carcinoma, Kruti A. Mehta, Jayendra B. Patel, Prabhudas S. Patel

Research Symposium

Background: Tobacco associated oral cancers remain a major concern in India with higher incidence and mortality making it an Indian-centric burning issue. To combat this dreadful disease, we investigated effects of certain natural compounds on the hallmark signatures including glycosylation transcripts levels in oral carcinoma.

Methods: The tongue carcinoma cells- SAS cells were treated with tobacco compounds, natural compounds and Cisplatin. RNA was isolated from the cells and converted to cDNA. RT-qPCR was performed to evaluate expression levels of various genes.

Results: The treatment of tobacco compounds resulted in similar pattern of altered makers (ST3GAL1, NEU3, FUT5, FUT6, MMP2, BCL2) …

Cancer Therapy And Oral Mucositis, Breanna E. Walker, Heidi Berczes

Dental Hygiene Student Scholarship

Cancer therapy can cause various adverse effects on the oral cavity. The development of oral mucositis is one of the most common oral condition associated with both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As dental professionals it is our duty to prevent and treat this condition in our patients. OM is very painful and has been known to decrease the quality of life in those with the condition. We have looked at studies evaluating the effectiveness of various agents in the prevention and treatment of OM. Our hope is to bring awareness to OM while educating providers on treatment options.

Screening For Areca (Betel) Nut & Quid Use, Gabriela Sarriera Valentin Ms

Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects

Standardized screening tools for patients who use betel quit and areca nut products do not currently exist. Given the increased risk of oral and oropharynx cancer development in this patient population, increasing awareness of this practice could result in decreased morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this project is to (1) increase provider awareness of this cultural practice and its associated health consequences, (2) to develop a screening tool, and (3) to propose suggested follow-up when concerning lesions are identified.

Differential Expression Of Cellular And Exosomal Microrna Isolated From Oral Cancer Cells And Their Resistance To Chemotherapy, Brady Petersen

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Introduction: MicroRNAs are abundant small non-coding RNA with a variety of known functions, including transcriptional activation and inhibition. Recent evidence has suggested that microRNA expression may influence the responsiveness of some cancers to chemotherapy, including liver and lung cancers. Some evidence has now suggested that specific microRNAs, such as miR-21, miR-155, and miR-375, may influence oral cancer responsiveness to chemotherapy – although much remains to be discovered.

Objective: Based upon the lack of evidence in this area, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate microRNA expression and responsiveness among oral cancers.

Methods: Five commercially available oral cancer cell …

Body Mass Index And Diabetes Mellitus May Predict Poorer Overall Survival Of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: A Retrospective Cohort From A Tertiary-Care Center Of A Resource-Limited Country, Yumna Adnan, Syed Muhammad Adnan Ali, Mohammad Sohail Awan, Nida Zahid, Muhammad Ozair Awan, Hammad Afzal Kayani, Hasnain Ahmed Farooqui

Department of Surgery

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the highest-ranking cancers among both genders in Pakistan. Obesity is linked to a much higher risk for developing multiple cancer types. Individuals with Diabetes mellitus (DM) face an increased risk for developing oral cancer. Hence, the objective of this study was to identify the effect of obesity and DM on the prognosis of OSCC patients.
Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on 386 patients diagnosed and treated for OSCC at The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Patient information was obtained from hospital medical records. Obesity was defined as having …

Assessment Of Microrna (Mir)-365 Effects On Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cell Line Phenotypes, Jeffery Coon, Karl Kingsley

Dental Medicine Faculty Publications

miR-365 is a microRNA that regulates transcription and has been demonstrated to promote oncogenesis and metastasis in some cancers while suppressing these effects in others. Virtually no information is known about the presence or function of miR-365 in oral cancers. Based upon this information, the primary goal of this project was to evaluate the expression of miR-365 in existing oral cancer cell lines. Five commercially available oral cancer cell lines (SCC4, SCC9, SCC15, SCC25, and CAL27) were obtained and cultured. RNA was then screened by PCR using primers specific for miR-365, as well as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2) and a downstream …

J Mich Dent Assoc June 2021

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Every month, The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association brings news, information, and features about Michigan dentistry to our state's oral health community and the MDA's 6,200+ members. No publication reaches more Michigan dentists!

In this issue, the reader will find the following original content:

• A cover story “Team-Based Treatment of Oral Cancer: The U-M Experience”.
• A feature article, “Dental Management of the Head and Neck Cancer Patient Treated with Radiation Therapy: Update 2021”.
• A feature article on “Understanding Cyber Threats and the Risk they Pose to Your Practice”.
• "A Train-the-Trainer Education Model and Rural Dental Opioid Prescribing Outcomes”, a …

Understanding The Role Of Ano1 In Oral Cancer, Mallary Forrest

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

In 2008, the gene ANO1 was discovered to encode a calcium activated chloride channel. This gene is located on the 11q13 locus, a locus that is commonly amplified in many cancers including cancer of the head and neck. ANO1 is situated in close proximity to genes associated with growth and apoptosis. As rapid proliferation and lack of apoptosis are hallmark characteristics of cancer, growth factors and apoptosis mediators are expected to be altered in cancer. But what does a calcium activated chloride channel have to contribute to cancer’s pathogenesis? Is it an active gene in cancer progression or is it …

The Potential Of Raman Spectroscopy In The Diagnosis Of Dysplastic And Malignant Oral Lesions, Ola Ibrahim, M. Toner, Steven Flint, Hugh Byrne, Fiona Lyng

Articles

Early diagnosis, treatment and/or surveillance of oral premalignant lesions are important in preventing progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The current gold standard is through histopathological diagnosis, which is limited by inter and intra observer and sampling errors. The objective of this work was to use Raman spectroscopy to discriminate between benign, mild, moderate and severe dysplasia and OSCC in formalin fixed paraffin preserved (FFPP) tissues. The study included 72 different pathologies from which 17 were benign lesions, 20 mildly dysplastic, 20 moderately dysplastic, 10 severely dysplastic and 5 invasive OSCC. The glass substrate and paraffin wax background were …

Biomedical Applications Of Vibrational Spectroscopy: Oral Cancer Diagnostics, Hugh Byrne, Isha Behl, Genecy Calado, Ola Ibrahim, M. Toner, Sheila Galvin, Claire M. Healy, Steven Flint, Fiona Lyng

Articles

Vibrational spectroscopy, based on either infrared absorption or Raman scattering, has attracted increasing attention for biomedical applications. Proof of concept explorations for diagnosis of oral potentially malignant disorders and cancer are reviewed, and recent advances critically appraised. Specific examples of applications of Raman microspectroscopy for analysis of histological, cytological and saliva samples are presented for illustrative purposes, and the future prospects, ultimately for routine, chairside in vivo screening are discussed.

Mir-365 (Microrna): Potnetial Biomarker In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Exosomes And Extracellular Vesicles, Jeffery Coon, Karl Kingsley, Katherine M. Howard

Dental Medicine Faculty Publications

Introduction: miR-365 is a non-coding microRNA that regulates transcription and has been demonstrated to promote oncogenesis and metastasis in some cancers, while suppressing these effects in others. Many microRNAs are produced and then exported extracellularly in exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles ranging from 30 to 100 nm that are found in eukaryotic fluids and facilitate many cellular functions. Exosomes and extracellular vesicles are produced by many cell types, including oral cancer cells—although no study to date has evaluated miR-365 and oral cancer exosomes or extracellular vesicles. Based on this information, our research question was to evaluate whether oral cancers …

Current Status Of Magnetic Resonance On Saliva For Oral And Dental Health Early Diagnosis, Anastasia Katsavochristou, Dimitrios Koumoulis

Oral Health Practice Faculty Publications

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of biomolecules has recently gained attention for clinical diagnosis. Its combination with saliva collection and analysis can promote early disease detection and monitoring, by identifying biomarkers of specific underlying pathology or disease as detected in saliva. With this novel, non-invasive technique, certain salivary biomarkers have been linked to dental and periodontal tissues pathology, as well as to specific head and neck cancer malignancies. At present, diagnostic biomarkers are still in need for further identification (e.g., diagnosis and monitoring of Sjögren’s syndrome), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been found to be a promising technique to compliment the …

Long Term Functional And Esthetic Outcomes After Fibula Free Flap Reconstruction Of The Mandible, I. Petrovic, R. Blaser, Timothy Blackwell, C. Mccarthy, I. Ganley, S. Patel, P. Cordeiro, J.P. Shah

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Objectives: To report functional and esthetic outcomes, after fibula free flap (FFF) reconstruction of the mandible for oral cancer, assessed by physicians, non-clinicians and patients.

Materials and Methods: Twenty-five long term survivors from oral cancer after FFF reconstruction were recalled for head and neck examination by surgeons and patient reported outcomes, using EORTC, QLQ C-30, H&N-35 and FACE-Q questionnaires.

Results: Physicians reported 64% restoration of functionality compared to normal. Patients reported high scores on QLQ-C30, but lower scores on H&N-35. Esthetic scores were reported higher by clinicians than non-clinicians. The decline in function and appearance was attributed to loss of …

Differential Microrna Expression Of Mir-21 And Mir-155 With Oral Cancer Extracellular Vesicles In Response To Melationin, Matthew Hunsaker, Greta Barba, Karl Kingsley, Katherine M. Howard

Dental Medicine Faculty Publications

Objective: Extracellular vesicles derived from oral cancer cells, which include Exosomes and Oncosomes, are membranous vesicles secreted into the surrounding extracellular environment. These extracellular vesicles can regulate and modulate oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression through the horizontal transfer of bioactive molecules including proteins, lipids and microRNA (miRNA). The primary objective of this study was to examine the potential to isolate and evaluate extracellular vesicles (including exosomes) from various oral cancer cell lines and to explore potential differences in miRNA content. Methods: The OSCC cell lines SCC9, SCC25 and CAL27 were cultured in DMEM containing 10% exosome-free fetal bovine serum. …

Oral Cancer Awareness Among University Students From Karachi, Pakistan, Dnyanesh Limaye, Patrick Ziesenis, Vaidehi Limaye, Mansoor Ahmad, Farah Saeed, Mahboob Alam, Ramla Rizvi, Atul Kapadi, Sushama Sathe, Gerhard Fortwengel

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Background: Oral cancers (OC) are malignant lesions occurring in the oral cavity that include squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), salivary gland and odontogenic neoplasms. Even though it is the eighth most common malignancy globally but in Pakistan it is the second commonest type of cancer. Lack of awareness about ill-effects of preventable risk factors of oral cancer increases the burden of disease due to the associated high cost of treatment, permanent impairment and high mortality. Hence, awareness can be very helpful in prevention, control and early diagnosis of oral cancer.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among university students from …

Salivary Mmp-9 In The Detection Of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Andre Peisker, Gregor F. Raschke, Mina D. Fahmy, Arndt Guentsch, Korosh Roshanghias, Joschka Hennings, Stefan Schultze-Mosgau

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumour of the oral cavity. Detection of OSCC is currently based on clinical oral examination combined with histopathological evaluation of a biopsy sample. Direct contact between saliva and the oral cancer makes measurement of salivary metalloproteinase- 9 (MMP-9) an attractive alternative.

Material and Methods: In total, 30 OSCC patients and 30 healthy controls were included in this prospective study. Saliva samples from both groups were collected, centrifuged and supernatant fluid was subjected to ELISA for assessment of MMP-9. The median salivary MMP-9 values with interquartile range (IQR) of OSCC …

Expression Of Zeb Factors In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma., Saira Ahmed

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objectives: The ZEB family of transcription factors (ZEB1 and ZEB2) have been demonstrated to play a role in metastatic progression of several cancers, and may also influence the initial transformation and generation of cancer stem cells. However, the expression pattern of ZEB proteins in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to define changes in expression and subcellular localization of the ZEB family in both precancerous lesions and different grades of OSCC. Materials and Methods: Seventy-nine tongue biopsies were subjected to immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to determine the expression and subcellular …

Longterm Quality Of Life After Oncologic Surgery And Microvascular Free Flap Reconstruction In Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Andre Peisker, Gregor F. Raschke, Arndt Guentsch, Korosh Roshanghias, Francy Eichmann, Stefan Schultze-Mosgau

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Background: Quality of life (QoL) has become increasingly important in cancer treatment. It refers to the patient’s perception of the effects of the disease and therapy, and their impact on daily functioning and general feeling of well being. Material and Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 100 patients treated at our institution, completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 questionnaire and the specific EORTC QLQ-H&N35 module. The questionnaires were distributed to the patients between 12 and 60 months postoperatively. Results: Global QoL score was 58.3 and mean score for functioning scale was 76.7. …

The Use Of Fluorescence Technology Versus Visual And Tactile Examination In The Detection Of Oral Lesions: A Pilot Study, Hadeel M. Ayoub, Tara L. Newcomb, Gayle B. Mccombs, Marshall Bonnie

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

PURPOSE: This study compared the effectiveness of the VELscope(R) Vx versus visual and tactile intraoral examination in detecting oral lesions in an adult, high risk population.

METHODS: The pilot study compared the intra oral findings between 2 examination types. The sample was comprised of 30 participants who were addicted to either cigarettes or a dual addiction (cigarettes plus hookah). High risk population was defined as males who were current cigarette smokers or had a dual addiction. Two trained and experienced licensed dental hygienists conducted all examinations. Throughout the study, all visual and tactile intraoral examinations were conducted first by one …

Chemokine Function In Periodontal Disease And Oral Cavity Cancer, Sinem Esra Sahingur, W. Andrew Yeudall

Periodontics Publications

The chemotactic cytokines, or chemokines, comprise a superfamily of polypeptides with a wide range of activities that include recruitment of immune cells to sites of infection and inflammation, as well as stimulation of cell proliferation. As such, they function as antimicrobial molecules and play a central role in host defenses against pathogen challenge. However, their ability to recruit leukocytes and potentiate or prolong the inflammatory response may have profound implications for the progression of oral diseases such as chronic periodontitis, where tissue destruction may be widespread. Moreover, it is increasingly recognized that chronic inflammation is a key component of tumor …

Comparing Velscope Vx And Traditional Oral Exams In Shisha (Hookah) Smokers: A Pilot Study, Amanda E. Kimball

Dental Hygiene Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to compare oral findings using two exam types, the VELscope Vx® screening device versus a modified oral examination in detecting oral potentially malignant lesions in shisha smokers.

Methods: Thirty-one participants who reported currently smoking shisha and tobacco were recruited. Participants were identified for smoking habits to include two groups, to include those who reported smoking shisha exclusively and those who reported smoking shisha and tobacco. Each group received both exam types; examiners used a standardized protocol. A health history questionnaire was also collected to assess participant's oral cancer risk factors such as age, race, …

Presence Of Porphyromonas Gingivalis In Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma, J. Katz, M. Onate, Kaleb M. Pauley, I Bhattacharyya, S. Cha

Science and Mathematics Faculty Publications

Periodontal disease has been recently linked to a variety of systemic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, preterm delivery, and oral cancer. The most common bacteria associated with periodontal disease, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) has not yet been studied in the malignant gingival tissues. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of P. gingivalis in specimens from squamous cell carcinoma patients. We have performed immunohistochemical staining to investigate the presence of P. gingivalis and Streptococcus gordonii (S. gordonii), a non invasive oral bacteria, in paraffin embedded samples of gingival squamous cell carcinoma (n=10) and …

Sociodemographic Characteristics, Clinicopathological Parameters And Survival Among Malaysians With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Oscc), Ghani W. M. N., Rosnah Binti Zain, Jalil N., Razak I. A., Raja-Latifah R. J., Samsuddin A. R.

Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain

Introduction: Western researchers showed that oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients exhibit lower survival rate and poorer prognosis compared to other type of cancer where several clinicopathological parameters have been implicated in the survival of patients. This study aims to assess the association between sociodemographic and clinicopathological parameters with survival of OSCC patients. Method: Data were collected from 253 histologically diagnosed OSCC patients attending selected clinics nationwide. Survival was analyzed for relation with habits, site, disease stage and nodal involvement. Results: Mean age was 58.9 ± 12.6 years with 8.3% aged less than 40. Majority is females (61.1%) and of …

Mdm2 Splice Variants In Oral Cancer, Rosnah Binti Zain

Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain

Introduction: MDM2 is a negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. The presence of a variety of MDM2 splice variants have been reported in many different types of tumor and some have been shown to be associated with patient prognosis.Materials and methods: In this study, we demonstrated the occurrence of MDM2 splice variants in OSCC tissues. RNA was extracted from 45 OSCC tissues and 17 normal oral mucosa tissues and reverse transcribed into cDNA. Nested PCR was performed to amplify the MDM2 transcripts and the PCR amplicons were cloned into cloning vector pTZ57R/T and sequenced.Results: We demonstrated that 37/45 …

Microrna Profiles Of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Oscc) Using Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin Embedded (Ffpe) Tissue, Siow M. Y., Ng L. P. K., Abraham M. T., Zaini Z. M., Cheong S. C., Rosnah Binti Zain

Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain

Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have previously found to be highly tissue- or disease-specific biomarkers with clinical applicability. However, the role of miRNAs in OSCC progression has yet to be well-studied. Here, we demonstrated the use of FFPE specimens in microarray profiling and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) approaches to identify miRNAs that are differentially expressed in OSCC compared with non-tumour tissues.Materials and methods: Four OSCC and four non-tumour FFPE tissues were obtained from the Malaysian Oral Cancer Database and Tumour System (MOCDTBS), coordinated by OCRCC-UM and profiled using Agilent 8 × 15 k mammalian miRNA microarray. Based on microarray results, TaqMan miRNA …

Immunohistochemical Features Of Extra-Nodal Nk/T Cell Lymphoma, Muhamad H. M., Ibrahim N. I., Rosnah Binti Zain

Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain

NK/T cell lymphoma is a destructive extranodal lymphoproliferative disorder of a putative natural killer (NK) cell lineage. This rare malignant lymphoma is difficult to diagnose due to the histological resemblance to reactive processes hence was once considered as an inflammatory lesion known as lethal midline granuloma or non-healing granuloma. Providentially, the advance in immunophenotyping has permit characterization of NK/T-cell lymphoma, as a distinct entity from other type of lymphoma. It is most commonly involved the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and hard palate and as the case we reported here of a NK/T-cell lymphoma in a 29 year old Indonesian man …

High Throughput Mutational Profiling Of Signaling Molecules In Oral Cancer, Zanaruddin , S. N. S., Cheong , S. C., Rahman , Z. A. A., Abd Ghani , W. M. N. W, Mustafa , W. M. W., Rosnah Binti Zain, Kong , Y. H., Hor , S. Y., Teo , S. H.

Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain

It is well established that a plethora of mutations that occur in oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes are the main drivers of tumorigenesis. The identification of these mutations provides important clues to the cellular processes of carcinogenesis and affords an opportunity for these genes to be used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In comparison to cancers such as breast, lung and colorectal, there is a lack of systematic, large scale characterization of oncogenic mutations oralsquamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Genome Wide Profiling Of Tongue And Cheek Cancer Using High Resolution Array Based Cgh, Chong V. K. V., Rahman Z. A. A., Zakaria Z., Tay K. K., Ismail S. M., Rosnah Binti Zain

Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain

Introduction: Tongue and cheek cancer have different behaviors. In order to understand these behaviors, there is a need to look into the chromosomal alterations and gene pathways that maybe associated with oral cancer at these sites. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the differences in chromosomal aberrations and gene pathways involved in tongue and cheek cancer using high resolution array CGH. Methods: A genome wide screening with array CGH (SurePrint G3 CGH 1x1M microarray) was performed using gDNA from 20 snap frozen fresh tissues consisting of 12 tongue and 8 cheek oral squamous cell carcinomas (samples from …

Expression Of Gna12 And Its Role In Oral Cancer, Gan C. P., Rosnah Binti Zain, Abraham M. T., Patel V., Gutkind J. S., Cheong S. C., Chong C. E., Hamid S., Teo S. H.

Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain

Introduction: The variability of clinical outcomes in oral cancer patients and the heterogeneity of the disease are the main challenges for the improvement of current treatment modalities. Efforts in our laboratory have focused on the molecular profiling of oral cancer to understand the mechanisms underlying the disease. In a previous microarray study, we found Guanine nucleotide binding protein alpha-12 (GNA12) to be up-regulated in oral cancer. Materials and methods: In this study, we validated the expression of GNA12 at the mRNA level in 47 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and 18 non-malignant oral mucosa tissues, by quantitative polymerase chain reaction …

Dietary Consumptions Pattern And Risk Of Oral Cancer: A Malaysian Scenario, Helen-Ng L. C., Ishak I. A., Ghani W. M. N., Marhazlinda J., Norlida A., Rosnah Binti Zain

Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain

Introduction: The risk of cancer has been extensively investigated with the intake of single food items but food consumption in an individual is usually complex, made up by combinations of different food items. This study aims to identify dietary patterns of Malaysians, and establishing relationship between dietary pattern and oral cancer risk. Methods A hospital-based, case-control study was conducted on 300 Malaysians who seek treatment at participating hospitals between January 2003 and December 2010. The subjects consisted of 150 cases and 150 controls that were matched for gender, age (5 years) and ethnicity. Dietary intake was measured using Food Frequency …