Dentistry Commons^™

Nasal Septum Deviation In Patients With Or Without Impacted Canines, Naurine Shah

All ETDs from UAB

There has been a recent rise in interest for studying the relationship between orthodontic treatment and the airway. Most studies have focused on measuring the oropharyngeal airway and how it is affected by growth with or without orthodontic treatment. The Nasal Septum, a midline structure is an integral part of the anatomy of the nasopharynx. Nasal Septum Deviations (NSD) can be caused by mechanical injuries, nasal polyps, neoplasia, infections, genetic influences as well as congenital malformations. The proximity of the septum can be correlated to changes in the housing of dentition in the naso maxillary complex. Objective: We aim to …

Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Analysis Of Outcomes In Ridge Augmentation Using Titanium Mesh And Titanium Reinforced Ptfe Membranes, Lina Elnakka

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: The primary goal of this study is to evaluate and compare the average vertical and horizontal bone gain between titanium reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (Ti-PTFE) and titanium mesh (Ti-mesh) using superimposition of preoperative and postoperative (CBCT). The secondary goal is to evaluate and compare the surgical outcomes between the two techniques.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was completed to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients who underwent ridge augmentation therapy using either Ti-PTFE or Ti-mesh. Preoperative and postoperative CBCT scans were superimposed using InVivo 3D imaging software. Vertical component of the augmented site (L1) was assessed along a vertical …

Cbct Use In Orthodontic Residency Programs In Usa, Su Min Han

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Background and Objectives: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans in dentistry have been up and coming forms of x-ray technology that allows cross-sectional images to form a comprehensive 3-dimensional representation of the mouth. While the typical use for CBCT imaging is reported to be for implant dentistry, there are many contexts in which it is indicated in orthodontics. There are various schools of thought regarding when CBCT is indicated for specific diagnosis of problems or general use in the collection of initial, progress and post-treatment orthodontic records. There are programs that follow the Radiology guidelines for taking CBCT scans10 and …

The Influence Of Cbct-Derived 3d-Printed Models On Endodontic Microsurgical Treatment Planning And Confidence Of The Operator, Shreyas Oza, Johnah C. Galicia

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Aims Use of 3D printed models in Endodontics has been gaining popularity since the technology to create them became more affordable. Currently, there are no studies that evaluate the influence of 3D models on endodontic surgical treatment planning and on operator confidence. Therefore, aims of this study were to: (i) Determine whether the availability of a 3D printed analogue can influence treatment-planning and operator confidence; and, (ii) Assess which factors of operator confidence are influenced, if any.

Materials and Methods Endodontists were asked to analyze a pre-selected CBCT scan of an endodontic surgical case and to answer a questionnaire that …

Accuracy And Reliability Of A Fully Automated Landmark Identification System On Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Ali Ghowsi, David Hatcher, Heeyeon Suh, Joorok Park, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

ABSTRACT Introduction: Medical imaging continues to play an increasing role in health care and is an integral part of medicine and dentistry. Recent technological advancements have led to the development of fully automated landmark identification (ALI) systems capable of tracing Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of an ALI system as a tool for automatic landmark location compared to human judges. Methods: One hundred subjects’ CBCT volumes from multiple imaging centers were traced by two human judges who were calibrated and had an ICC close to 1. Fifty-three landmarks were …

Comparing The Sensitivity And Specificity Of Cbct And Mri In Detecting Osteoarthritis Of The Tmj: A Systematic Review, Gabriel R. Saavedra

Theses and Dissertations

The aim of this systematic review was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting osteoarthritis (OA) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This was done by using computed tomography (CT) and the research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD) as reference methods and using CBCT and MRI as index methods. A specific search strategy was developed and applied to these electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, DOSS, and Cochrane. The search results returned 802 articles, which were then narrowed down using the inclusion/exclusion criteria, to four final articles that were included in …

An Airway Analysis Of Patients Diagnosed With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Compared To A Control Group, Matt Gibson

All ETDs from UAB

Introduction: The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is affected in 30-45%% of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) patients, with all JIA subtypes at risk for TMJ involvement. JIA patients with TMJ involvement may present with altered craniofacial morphology, including micrognathia, mandibular retrognathia, a hyperdivergent mandibular plane angle, and skeletal anterior open bite. These features are also commonly present and associated with non-JIA pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Materials and Methods: The study comprised of a group of 32 JIA patients and a group of 32 healthy control subjects. CBCT images were taken for all patients and were imported into Dolphin Imaging …

Outcomes Of Unilateral Alveolar Clefts Grafted Using Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2: A Retrospective Volumetric Analysis Using Cbct, Landon Robert Peterson

Theses & Dissertations

Purpose of this study is to evaluate the success rates of secondary alveolar grafts using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein with CBCT and to evaluate the effects of several variables on these outcomes. After our inclusion/exclusion criteria, records of 24 patients receiving secondary alveolar grafts at the University of Nebraska Medical Center were evaluated. Pre-graft and 6-month post-graft cleft volumes were measured using ITK-SNAP 3.8.0 software to determine a percent residual defect following surgery. Of the 24 patients, one was excluded as the graft surgery was deemed a failure. The patients’ gender, age, side of cleft, cleft side canine root …

Oropharyngeal Airway Changes Following Orthodontic Treatment Of Anterior Open Bite In Growing Vs Non-Growing Patients, Mona Awadi, Heeyeon Suh, Joorok Park, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment of anterior open bite can result in a counter-clockwise rotation of the mandible and a more ideal forward position of the tongue. Usually this movement is thought to increase the oropharyngeal airway. The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in vertical dimension and airway in AOB patients following orthodontic treatment. Methods: 52 subjects were included in this retrospective study of anterior open bite malocclusion treated in the graduate orthodontics clinic at the University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry between 2006 – 2019. Cephalometric and airway measurements were done by …

Comparison Of Skeletal And Dental Differences Between Class I And Class Ii Sides And Their Relationship With Asymmetric Molar Relationships In Class Ii Subdivision Malocclusions – A Cbct Study, Ivan Lo, Heeyeon Suh, Joorok Park, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to compare dental and skeletal differences between Class I and Class II sides and their contributions to the degree of asymmetric molar relationship in Class II subdivision malocclusions using CBCT.

Methods: One hundred and eight patients presenting with Angle Class II subdivision malocclusions (mean age =21.05 years) were assessed with 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography scans. Paired t-tests were used to compare linear skeletal, angular and dental measurement differences between Class I and Class II sides. Correlations of linear skeletal, angular and dental measurement differences between Class I and Class II sides were made …

Prevalence Of Short Root Anomaly In Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment, Tim Howarth, James Chen, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate variance in prevalence and severity of short root anomaly (SRA) in patients seeking orthodontic treatment, stratified by ethnicity and sex. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we evaluated 896 patients who had initial cone-beam computed tomographies (CBCTs) taken from July 1, 2014 to May 30, 2019. Panoramic radiographs and images from the CBCTs of each patient were extracted and placed in a database. The crown-to-root ratio of maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, canines, and all pre-molars were evaluated to determine the presence, severity and associations of SRA. A Chi-square …

Soft Tissue Effects From Maxillomandibular Advancement With Counterclockwise Rotation, Timothy Yu, Audrey Yoon, Stanley Yung Chuan Liu, Heeyeon Suh, Joorok Park, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) surgery with counterclockwise rotation on soft tissue oral and nasal structures. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 34 subjects diagnosed with OSA who underwent MMA at the Stanford Sleep Clinic. Initial (T1) and Final (T2) CBCTs were evaluated and compared for 10 hard tissue and 15 soft tissue measurements. Additionally, the external nasal valve surface area was measured and compared between the two time points. A 3D superimposition was performed and used to evaluate the relative hard and soft tissue movements. Results: There was …

Comparison Of Endodontic Treatment Planning Decisions Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography Versus Periapical Radiography In Previously Endodontically Treated Molars, Sarah Alkanderi

Theses and Dissertations

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine if treatment plans differ when evaluating previously endodontically treated molars using periapical images (PA’s) alone versus PA’s and CBCT.

Methods: A retrospective cohort chart review was conducted including 67 previously treated molars that had a CBCT taken. Two calibrated board-certified endodontists evaluated standard PA’s. A data sheet questionnaire regarding radiographic findings and treatment plan decisions was completed. Two weeks later, the same steps were repeated but the examiners evaluated both PA’s and CBCT images and again arrived at a recommended treatment plan.

Results: Agreement between raters was assessed with Cohen’s Kappa …

Comparison Of Skeletal And Dentoalveolar Changes Between Two Bone-Borne Maxillary Expanders, Mohamad Sarraj

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Introduction: Bone-borne maxillary expander (BBME) are designed to provide additional anchorage to widen the maxillary arch for patients who exhibit maxillary transverse deficiency. One form of BBME is the hybrid BBME which uses mini-implants (bone-borne) and posterior teeth (tooth-borne) as anchorage for maxillary expansion. The other form of BBME is absolute BBME which only uses mini-implants as anchorage. It is not clear in the literature if there is a difference in skeletal and dental changes with these two types of expanders. The objective of this study was to compare the skeletal, dentoalveolar, and periodontal changes between the hybrid and the …

Retrospective Evaluation Of The Changes In The Nasal And Pharyngeal Airway Volume After Miniscrew Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (Marpe) Appliance, Joanna Song

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Background and Objectives: A transverse deficiency of the maxilla is a pervasive skeletal problem that can affect almost a quarter of the primary dentition population. The interesting relationship between rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and its effects on the surrounding airway is not well described in the literature. For today’s contemporary orthodontist, there are a variety of rapid palatal expanders (RPE) and expansion protocols to prescribe for patient treatment. Of late, the miniscrew-assisted RPE (MARPE) has been receiving attention by clinicians because of its increased orthopedic effects when compared to conventional RPE while avoiding the surgical procedure needed with SARPE. …

Orthodontically Induced External Root Resorption In Extraction Versus Non-Extraction Treatment Modalities – A Retrospective Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (Cbct) Study, Jaykishan Patel

Theses & Dissertations

Purpose of this study was to evaluate orthodontically induced external apical root resorption using cone beam computed tomography in patients receiving orthodontic treatment with or without extractions. Records of 188 consecutively treated patients who received orthodontic treatment with or without extractions were evaluated. Pre-and post-treatment root lengths of maxillary incisors, volumes of maxillary central incisors, and apex displacement of either right or left maxillary central incisors were measured using Invivo 5.4 or ITK-SNAP 3.8.0 software. After adjusting for initial length, treatment duration, tooth, sex, race, bracket type, and malocclusion, maxillary incisor reduction of root length in extraction group was 0.37 …

Impact On The Pharyngeal Airway Space After Maxillomandibular Advancement Procedure For Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients, Ghaddy Alsaty

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Background and Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder, characterized by disrupted snoring and repetitive upper airway obstructions. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is considered the therapeutic mainstay for OSA patients. However, CPAP therapy has compliance limitations. An alternative treatment options is maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) surgical procedure. Genial tubercle advancement (GTA) is often performed concomitant with MMA for esthetic purposes. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides the ability to visualize the upper airway and perform three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of MMA procedure with or without GTA on oropharyngeal …

The Effect Of Biologic Materials And Oral Steroids On Radiographic And Clinical Outcomes Of Horizontal Alveolar Ridge Augmentation., Amy Reichert

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to investigate if the addition of biologic materials and/or oral steroids would affect horizontal bone gain, or the bone density of the grafted bone in horizontal alveolar ridge augmentations. A retrospective chart review was completed to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes of 53 ridge augmentation patients. An average bone gain of 3.6mm of width was found in our study based on radiographic analysis. There were no statistically significant differences found in the linear bone gain with the addition of biologic materials and steroids. A marginally statistically significant difference was found in the bone …

Correlation Of Preoperative Analysis Of Cbct Gray Value With Implant Primary Stability, Luis Gerardo Guzman Suarez

All ETDs from UAB

Objective: This study aims to investigate the correlation between the gray values (GV) of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) analyzed by two commonly used implant planning software (coDiagnostiX, and Simplant®) and the primary stability of dental implants by measuring insertion torque value (ITV) and Resonance Frequency Analysis (ISQ). Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight patients planned to receive a total of 102 dental implants (Straumann Bone Level Tapered) were enrolled in the study. At time of implant placement, ITV in Ncm with a Bien-Air iChiropro implant console, resonance frequency analysis (ISQ) with an Osstell device, and the surgeon’s estimated torque of placement …

Long Term Facial Alveolar Bone Changes Associated With Endosseous Implants In The Anterior Maxilla., Deepika Joshi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Aim: To quantify the radiographic presence and thickness of facial alveolar bone (FAB_r) adjacent to implants placed in the anterior maxillary region. Lack of FAB_r may suggest that graft procedures are desirable prior to implant placement. Material and Methods: With IRB approval, a retrospective analysis of cone beam computed tomographic cross-sectional images of sites with at least one implant in the anterior maxillary region was performed. Details regarding type of implant and location were recorded. FAB_r perpendicular to the long axis each implant was measured at seven levels by two observers independently and means and standard …

Comparison Of Treatment Planning Decisions When Combining Cbct And Digital Radiography Verses Digital Radiography Alone, Mckay Barlow Packer

Theses and Dissertations

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is the recommended imaging modality of choice for evaluating previous endodontic treatment (1). The aim of this study was to compare treatment planning decisions made when evaluating previous endodontic treatment to determine if treatment planned and projected prognosis differs when digital radiography is used alone or in combination with CBCT. A retrospective chart review was conducted. Patients for whom a CBCT was taken were included in the study. Twenty-eight patients qualified. Patient’s periapical digital radiographs (Dexis©) were evaluated by 2 calibrated endodontists, a treatment plan was identified and a prognosis was projected. Later the same …

Assessment Of Changes In The Size Of Periapical Radiolucencies 3-12 Months Post Non-Surgical Root Canal Treatment Using Cbct Imaging: A Pilot Study, Jeremy W. Fike Dds

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to assess the changes in size of periapical lesions 3-12 months following root canal treatment using CBCT. Patients who had non-surgical root canal therapy (NSRCT) or non-surgical retreatment (ReTx) from July 30,2014 to August 19, 2015 with a periapical lesion of endodontic origin and received NSRCT or ReTx and had a pre-treatment or intra-treatment CBCT were invited to participate. Volumetric and linear measurements of periapical lesions on initial and post- treatment CBCT images were performed. A total of 20 patients with 23 treated teeth with 30 separate periapical radiolucent lesions returned for follow up …

Evaluation Of Maxillary Molar Furcations, Clinical Measurements Versus Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Jessica Allen

Theses and Dissertations

BACKGROUND: The use of three-dimensional imaging has shown to provide advantages to the clinician in assessing bone morphology. The aim of this study will be to compare the diagnostic efficacy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) versus diagnostic clinical measurements in patients presenting with furcation involved maxillary first molars. METHODS: The study population included 20 patients with 34 maxillary first molar teeth with furcation involvement. Clinical horizontal and vertical probing measurements were compared to CBCT measurements taken by two calibrated examiners. RESULTS: Horizontal measurements showed a significant difference between Glickman class II and class III. There were no statistical significant …

Using Cbct As A Diagnostic Tool For Evaluation Of Infrabony Defects In Vivo, Anya Rost

Theses and Dissertations

BACKGROUND: Clinicians rely on radiographs and clinical exam to assess infrabony defects. However, two-dimensional radiographs have many limitations. Three-dimensional imaging has shown promise and has provided more precise measurements of defects created in skulls. The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic efficacy of cone beam computed tomography to clinical measurements in patients presenting with infrabony defects. METHODS: The study population included 20 patients with 25 infrabony defects. Clinical measurements of pocket depth (PD), gingival margin (GM), bone sounding (BS) were obtained and PD and BS were compared to CBCT measurements. RESULTS: The average difference between the means …

The Effective Dose Of Different Scanning Protocols Using The Sirona Galileos® Comfort Cbct Scanner, David R. Chambers

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Introduction: Cone Beam CT imaging is prevalent in dentistry yet much is unknown with regard to how radiation dose to the patient varies between different CBCT scanners and imaging protocols. Scanner and protocol specific effective dose calculations will aid in optimizing individualized protocols for clinical applications.

Purpose: To determine the effective dose for a range of imaging protocols using the Sirona GALILEOS Comfort CBCT scanner.

Materials and Methods: Calibrated InLight nanoDot OSL dosimeters (Landauer, Glenwood, Ill) were placed at 26 select sites in the head and neck of a modified, human tissue-equivalent RANDO phantom. Effective dose was calculated using …

Changes In Pharyngeal Airway Dimensions Due To Mara Treatment In Class Ii Malocclusions, James K. Dillehay

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Orthodontic treatment effects on the pharyngeal airway have recently become a hot topic in the field of orthodontics. Current literature has shown facial skeletal morphology to be correlated with pharyngeal airway shape and volume. This study used CBCT imaging to identify what, if any, effects two different treatment modalities for correcting Class II malocclusions have on the pharyngeal airway volume. This retrospective study consisted of two groups of Class II patients: 38 patients (15 females, 23 males) treated with the MARA and an Edgewise appliance and 32 patients treated with an Edgewise appliance and Class II elastics. Both pre and …

Treatment Effects Of The Mandibular Anterior Repositioning Appliance (Mara) And Conventional Orthodontic Mechanics On Temporomandibular Joint Morphology: A Comparison Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Brenton E. Glassell

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Introduction: An ongoing debate exists in orthodontics about the amount of condylefossa remodeling and growth seen in Class II patients using functional appliance therapy. Some clinicians and researchers have found that that the use of functional appliances increases the amount of condylar growth and subsequent Class II skeletal correction; others believe that the mandible has a preset amount of growth and that conventional orthodontics will result in a similar amount of condylar growth to functional appliance therapy. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare condylar remodeling in functional appliance treatment using the mandibular anterior repositioning appliance (MARA) to …

Oropharyngeal Airway Volume Following Orthodontic Treatment: Premolar Extraction Versus Non-Extraction, Thomas Patrick Shannon

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Orthodontic correction of tooth size versus arch size discrepancy (TSASD) can be achieved with two distinct methods of treatment. The first involves the extraction of teeth to gain the space needed for tooth alignment. The second relies on arch expansion to gain the space needed for correction. In recent decades, arguments for and against the extraction of teeth for orthodontic purposes have become increasingly important, particularly in regards to oropharyngeal airway size. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a decrease in oropharyngeal dimensions following the extraction of four premolars and subsequent orthodontic therapy. Methods: …

Oropharyngeal Airway Volume Following Orthodontic Treatment: Premolar Extraction Versus Non-Extraction, Thomas Patrick Shannon

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Orthodontic correction of tooth size versus arch size discrepancy (TSASD) can be achieved with two distinct methods of treatment. The first involves the extraction of teeth to gain the space needed for tooth alignment. The second relies on arch expansion to gain the space needed for correction. In recent decades, arguments for and against the extraction of teeth for orthodontic purposes have become increasingly important, particularly in regards to oropharyngeal airway size. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a decrease in oropharyngeal dimensions following the extraction of four premolars and subsequent orthodontic therapy. Methods: …

Three-Dimensional Evaluation Of The Effect Of Maxillary Incisor Retraction On The Palatal Bone And Root Resorption, Jessica R. Lynch Dmd

Master's Theses

Introduction: The objective of this study was to compare pre-treatment and post-treatment cone-beam computed tomography images of patients to quantitatively evaluate the effect of orthodontically retracting maxillary incisors on the height and labiolingual thickness of labial and palatal alveolar bone and incisor apical root resorption. Methods: Maxillary central incisor apical root resorption, labial and palatal alveolar bone height, and labiolingual thickness were assessed on pre-treatment and post-treatment cone-beam computed tomography scans of 59 subjects (mean age, 13.00 years) with premolar extractions and 63 subjects (mean age, 13.40 years) who were treated with non-extraction therapy. Results: The mean incisor apical root …