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Articles 181 - 210 of 343
Full-Text Articles in Dentistry
Comparing Tooth Enamel Disturbances In A Pediatric Population That Had Received Prior Chemotherapy Treatment To Age-Matched Controls From The Virginia Commonwealth University Pediatric Dentistry Clinic., Marcela Mujica
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test whether children who have undergone cancer chemotherapy have a higher prevalence of enamel abnormalities of the second mandibular premolars than age matched controls. Methods: This study was a case-control design where the case group involved 26 subjects that had received chemotherapy treatment between the ages of 2 to 6 and at the time of the study were between the ages of 9 to 18. The control group consisted of 26 subjects matched for age and sex to the case group that had not received chemotherapy. The second mandibular premolars were assessed …
The Prevalence Of Intrapulpal Cracks In 1st And 2nd Mandibular Molars Requiring Non-Surgical Root Canal Treatment, Sean Lawson
The Prevalence Of Intrapulpal Cracks In 1st And 2nd Mandibular Molars Requiring Non-Surgical Root Canal Treatment, Sean Lawson
Theses and Dissertations
Few studies have reported the incidence or prevalence of cracked teeth with pulpal involvement. No attempts have been made to evaluate the prevalence or clinical predictors for intrapulpal cracks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of intrapulpal cracks in first and second mandibular molars and to determine if clinical findings are predictive for the existence of intrapulpal cracks. First and second mandibular molars (190) requiring non-surgical root canal treatment at the VCU Graduate Endodontic Practice between February 15, 2013 and August 15, 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Teeth were transilluminated, stained, and inspected for intrapulpal cracks using …
Evaluation Of The Prevalence And Clinical Characteristics Of Intrapulpal Cracks Utilizing A Novel Classification System, Matthew Detar
Evaluation Of The Prevalence And Clinical Characteristics Of Intrapulpal Cracks Utilizing A Novel Classification System, Matthew Detar
Theses and Dissertations
Few studies have investigated cracks involving the pulp chamber walls or floor. The purpose of this study was to create a classification system for intrapulpal cracks and analyze associated clinical characteristics. Retrospective analysis included 52 teeth confirmed to have an intrapulpal crack. The classification system describes the crack based upon its location within the pulpal walls and floor. Documentation consisted of demographic, subjective and objective examination data. Chi-squared analysis tested associations with the intrapulpal crack classifications. Ninety-two percent of intrapulpal cracks run M-D, 75% involve one pulp chamber wall, and 84% terminate at the floor-wall junction or extend into an …
The Role Of Vitamin D Deficiency In Early Childhood Caries, Tiffany Williams
The Role Of Vitamin D Deficiency In Early Childhood Caries, Tiffany Williams
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: This is a pilot study to determine if there is a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the development of early childhood caries (ECC). Methods: Serum 25(OH) vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and calcium were measured from children with ECC, who presented for dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia. Samples were obtained from caries free controls examined during a well-child medical check. Parents from both sample sizes filled out a questionnaire consisting of 22 questions regarding the child and parent’s medical and dental history as well as socioeconomic background. Results: ECC patients were found to have deficient serum levels of 25(OH) …
Development Of A Simplified Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea (Osa) Screening Tool, Jo Cronly
Development Of A Simplified Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea (Osa) Screening Tool, Jo Cronly
Theses and Dissertations
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea has become recognized as one of the most common, under-diagnosed chronic diseases. Recently studies have shown increased numbers among the pediatric and adolescent population. OSA in children is associated with behavioral problems, poor school achievements, and in severe cases, pulmonary hypertension. OSA is often the Achilles heel of pediatric sedation and analgesic programs; during sedation, children with OSA have an increased vulnerability of their airway undergoing pharyngeal collapse and of having upper airway obstruction. Consequently, pediatric dentists who practice sedation dentistry should exercise extra precautions when treating patients with risk of sleep apnea. Currently there is …
Orthodontic Marketing Through Social Media Networks: The Patient And Practitioners' Perspective, Kristin Nelson
Orthodontic Marketing Through Social Media Networks: The Patient And Practitioners' Perspective, Kristin Nelson
Theses and Dissertations
Objective: The aim of this study was to (1) assess the orthodontic patient and practitioner use and preferences of social media, and (2) to investigate the potential benefit of social media in marketing and communication strategies in orthodontic practices. Material and Methods: A survey was distributed to all participants, which included orthodontists from the American Association of Orthodontists (AAO) and patients/parents from the VCU Orthodontic Clinic and Private Practices throughout the United States. The participants were asked to answer questions related to their use of social media as well as their perceptions of usage of social media in the orthodontic …
Examination Of The Communication Practices And Preferences Between Orthodontists And General Dentists, Kevin Bibona
Examination Of The Communication Practices And Preferences Between Orthodontists And General Dentists, Kevin Bibona
Theses and Dissertations
The purposes of this study were to evaluate if orthodontists’ and general dentists’ perceptions of how often, under what circumstances, and by which media orthodontists communicated with general dentists were similar, and to determine if orthodontists were meeting the communication needs of general dentists. Orthodontists (N=1,000) and general dentists (N=1,000) throughout the United States were randomly selected to participate in a web-based and mailed survey, respectively. The results indicated that the orthodontists communicated with general dentists using the type of media the general dentists preferred to use. As treatment complexity increased, orthodontists shifted from one-way forms of communication to two-way …
Evaluation Of Maxillary Molar Furcations, Clinical Measurements Versus Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Jessica Allen
Evaluation Of Maxillary Molar Furcations, Clinical Measurements Versus Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Jessica Allen
Theses and Dissertations
BACKGROUND: The use of three-dimensional imaging has shown to provide advantages to the clinician in assessing bone morphology. The aim of this study will be to compare the diagnostic efficacy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) versus diagnostic clinical measurements in patients presenting with furcation involved maxillary first molars. METHODS: The study population included 20 patients with 34 maxillary first molar teeth with furcation involvement. Clinical horizontal and vertical probing measurements were compared to CBCT measurements taken by two calibrated examiners. RESULTS: Horizontal measurements showed a significant difference between Glickman class II and class III. There were no statistical significant …
Using Cbct As A Diagnostic Tool For Evaluation Of Infrabony Defects In Vivo, Anya Rost
Using Cbct As A Diagnostic Tool For Evaluation Of Infrabony Defects In Vivo, Anya Rost
Theses and Dissertations
BACKGROUND: Clinicians rely on radiographs and clinical exam to assess infrabony defects. However, two-dimensional radiographs have many limitations. Three-dimensional imaging has shown promise and has provided more precise measurements of defects created in skulls. The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic efficacy of cone beam computed tomography to clinical measurements in patients presenting with infrabony defects. METHODS: The study population included 20 patients with 25 infrabony defects. Clinical measurements of pocket depth (PD), gingival margin (GM), bone sounding (BS) were obtained and PD and BS were compared to CBCT measurements. RESULTS: The average difference between the means …
An Automated Dental Caries Detection And Scoring System For Optic Images Of Tooth Occlusal Surface, Leila Ghaedi
An Automated Dental Caries Detection And Scoring System For Optic Images Of Tooth Occlusal Surface, Leila Ghaedi
Theses and Dissertations
Dental caries are one of the most prevalent chronic diseases. Worldwide 60 to 90 percent of school children and nearly 100 percent of adults experienced dental caries. The management of dental caries demands detection of carious lesions at early stages. The research of designing diagnostic tools in caries has been at peak for the last decade. This research aims to design an automated system to detect and score dental caries according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) guidelines using the optical images of the occlusal tooth surface. There have been numerous works that address the problem of …
Effectiveness Of Visual Aids On Preventive Dental Goals, Kristin Hodgson
Effectiveness Of Visual Aids On Preventive Dental Goals, Kristin Hodgson
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: To assess a caregiver’s oral health attitudes, habits, and behaviors pre and post intervention, and to determine whether a particular delivery-style (verbal-only or with visual supplementation) of a motivational interviewing session is more effective in improving oral health behaviors as well as improving success of a chosen preventive goal. Methods: N=140 caregivers of pediatric dental patients were given questionnaires to assess readiness to change and current preventive oral health behaviors. Oral health education was communicated in a MI style (verbal-only or with visual supplementation). One preventive oral health goal was selected to focus on. The home preventive behavior survey …
A Comparison Of Rectangular Vs. Circular Radiographic Collimation During Simulated Endodontic Therapy, Tareq Alali
A Comparison Of Rectangular Vs. Circular Radiographic Collimation During Simulated Endodontic Therapy, Tareq Alali
Theses and Dissertations
Rectangular collimation is used in dentistry to reduce radiation by restricting the x-ray beam to approximately the size of a number 2 intraoral film (3.2X4.1 cm). However, this restricted beam size can lead to exposure errors. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the number of radiographs exposed and the presence of technical errors by the use of traditional circular or rectangular collimators during endodontic therapy on simulated teeth in manikins. A total of 1475 digital radiographs of 84 teeth exposed by 60 dental students were evaluated. Evaluation was done by a board certified endodontist, an endodontic resident, …
Accuracy Of Limited Field Cone Beam Computed Tomography In The Detection Of Buccal Cortical Plate Perforations Due To Periapical Lesions, Dan-Linh Ha
Theses and Dissertations
Pre-surgical planning for endodontic microsurgery is facilitated by the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The purpose of this study was to determine whether limited field CBCT accurately predicts buccal cortical plate perforations due to endodontic lesions. Thirty-five roots that underwent microsurgical root end resection were included in this study. Prior to the surgery, 90 voxel CBCTs were taken with a Carestream 9300. The scans were analyzed by an endodontic resident and oral radiologist to determine the presence of a perforation in the buccal plate. These findings were compared to the clinical appearance of the bone. There was a …
Microbial Evaluation Of The Calamus Heated Gutta-Percha Delivery System, Christopher Smart Dds
Microbial Evaluation Of The Calamus Heated Gutta-Percha Delivery System, Christopher Smart Dds
Theses and Dissertations
If gutta-percha cartridges are contaminated with bacteria prior to obturation then contamination of the root canal system may result. Successful treatment not only depends on bacterial elimination but also depends on prevention of recontamination. This study was motivated by the observation that endodontists frequently use single use gutta-percha cartridges on multiple patients. The goal of this study was to determine if cross contamination occurred when a single gutta-percha cartridge in the Calamus™ Flow System was used on multiple patients. An effective recovery method was established during a pilot study using Enterococcus faecalis as a sample bacterium. Microbial recovery was obtained …
Comparative Analysis Of Waveone And Lightspeed Lsx For The Residual Dentin Thickness Of The Bifurcated Maxillary First Premolar Buccal Root Utilizing Limited Field Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Manpreet Singh Sarao
Comparative Analysis Of Waveone And Lightspeed Lsx For The Residual Dentin Thickness Of The Bifurcated Maxillary First Premolar Buccal Root Utilizing Limited Field Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Manpreet Singh Sarao
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to compare the thickness of dentin removed from the buccal root of bifurcated maxillary first premolars (BMFP) in the area of furcation groove after instrumentation with WaveOne and LightSpeed LSX files utilizing limited field cone beam computerized tomography. All data was analyzed using repeated-measured mixed-model ANOVA and differences were described using Tukey’s multiple comparison procedure. The thickness of dentin removed with LightSpeed LSX files (0.1 mm) was significantly less than the thickness of dentin removed with WaveOne files (0.2 mm). To conclude, LSX files remove a more predictable and consistent thickness of dentin from …
The Impact Of Medicaid Reform On Dental Practice Setting, Barrett W. R. Peters
The Impact Of Medicaid Reform On Dental Practice Setting, Barrett W. R. Peters
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: To assess the impact of dental Medicaid reform in Virginia on dental practice settings (private practice, corporate practice and safety net clinics). Methods: This retrospective cohort study of 16.2 million dental claims is from the Virginia Department of Medical Assistance Services, which included claims for providers participating in Virginia’s Medicaid program during a 10-year period (2002-2012). The dividing date for the reform was July 1, 2005. The outcome measure was mean claims per participating provider. A Poisson regression model was used to predict the mean number of claims per provider with the following predictors: reform period, practice setting, provider …
Comparison Of Oral Ketamine-Midazolam And Chloral Hydrate-Meperidine-Hydroxyzine Sedation Regimens In Pediatric Dentistry, David Merrell
Comparison Of Oral Ketamine-Midazolam And Chloral Hydrate-Meperidine-Hydroxyzine Sedation Regimens In Pediatric Dentistry, David Merrell
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to create an experimental design to compare the regimen of ketamine-midazolam to chloral hydrate-meperidine-hydroxyzine for moderate oral conscious sedation. Methods: Patients between 36 and 83 months of age have been randomly assigned to receive 1 of the 2 regimens. Dosages, times, and vital signs will be recorded. Procedures will be recorded on video for assessment of sedation level and behavior. Patients will be contacted to evaluate postoperative sleeping, discomfort, and amnesia. Data will be analyzed using two-group t-tests (TOST) of equivalence in means to compare the two groups across the study period. Results: …
Three-Dimensional Soft Tissue Changes Upon Smiling, Clayton Mcentire
Three-Dimensional Soft Tissue Changes Upon Smiling, Clayton Mcentire
Theses and Dissertations
As esthetic improvement continues to be a primary goal of orthodontic patients and practitioners, it is important to understand the soft tissue movements that occur during the transition from rest to smile. Advances in technology allow capture of 3-dimesional photographs. The purpose of this study was to quantify the soft tissue changes that occur upon smiling and to compare changes between males and females using 3-dimensional photography. Fifty-four participants had resting and smiling photographs taken with the 3dMDface camera system. The two images were registered on stable facial surfaces, landmarks were placed, and measurements were recorded. Three-dimensional changes occurred in …
Service-Learning Programs Impact On Dental Students' Confidence In Treating Pediatric Population, Bushra Bhatti
Service-Learning Programs Impact On Dental Students' Confidence In Treating Pediatric Population, Bushra Bhatti
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: In 2011, Clinical Service-Learning (DENS 762) became a formal university-designated course required to all senior dental students at VCU School of Dentistry. The interest of this study was to measure students' experience in treating pediatric patients and to determine the effect the course had on students' self-perceived confidence in treating the pediatric population. Methods: This was an observational study of the VCU class of 2012 who were enrolled in the clinical service-learning class. Following their service-learning rotations, fourth-year dental students were surveyed about their experiences on their service-learning rotation. Out of 105 students, 76 completed the survey. Results: The …
Comparison Of Injection Discomfort And Anesthetic Duration Of Plain Polocaine Versus Epinephrine Containing Articaine And Lidocaine, Dana Doan
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: To determine possible differences in the pain level and soft tissue anesthesia duration of plain polocaine versus epinephrine-containing articaine and lidocaine during intraoral injections. Methods: Forty-eight subjects received plain polocaine and one epinephrine-containing anesthetic. Injections were randomized according to the first injection a)left or right buccal sulcus and b)epinephrine or not. The second injections were the opposite conditions. Subjects then recorded discomfort on a VAS and the time anesthesia wore off. Result: The second injection’s pain rating was influenced by the first. This carry-over effect makes it impossible to analyze all of the data. An analysis of the first …
Microbial Dna Receptor Expression In Chronic Periodontitis, Stephanie Voth
Microbial Dna Receptor Expression In Chronic Periodontitis, Stephanie Voth
Theses and Dissertations
AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the expression of microbial nucleic acid receptors including Toll like receptor 9 “TLR-9”, DNA-dependent activator of interferon-regulatory factors “DAI” and absent in melanoma “AIM-2” in chronic periodontitis (P) versus healthy (H) tissues. METHODS: 33 chronic periodontitis (P) and 27 periodontally-healthy (H) gingival biopsies were included. The gene and protein expression for each receptor was determined using real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Our results revealed statistically significant up-regulation of TLR-9 (p<0.006) and DAI (p<0.001) gene expression in P tissues compared to H sites. We were also able to demonstrate significant correlation among three DNA receptors (p<0.05). Immunohistochemistry further confirmed the expression of DNA sensors in gingival tissues. CONCLUSION: This study highlights a possible role for nucleic acid sensing in periodontal inflammation. Further investigations will determine whether cytoplasmic receptors and their ligands can be targeted to improve clinical outcomes in periodontitis.
Influence Of Facial Profile On Social Perceptions: A 3d Video Imaging Study., Lisa Babb
Influence Of Facial Profile On Social Perceptions: A 3d Video Imaging Study., Lisa Babb
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of facial convexity on the perception of social attributes in a young adult population. Nine models were asked to pose for a 3 dimensional photograph that was then modified to represent ideal, retrognathic, and prognathic facial convexity angles. Survey evaluators were shown digital videos of models with ideal and non-ideal profiles and asked to rate their perception of the following 4 social attributes: intelligence, athleticism, popularity, and leadership ability using a visual analog scale. Results gathered from 271 evaluators showed that the model images with ideal facial convexity angles were …
Attire And Appearance Of Orthodontists: A Survey Of Parent Preferences, Gillian Kelly
Attire And Appearance Of Orthodontists: A Survey Of Parent Preferences, Gillian Kelly
Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this study was to evaluate parents’ preferences of the appearance and attire of orthodontists. Six subjects were asked to pose for photographs wearing various combinations of attire (casual, scrubs, white coat, formal), hairstyle and nametag. Survey participants were presented with choice sets and asked to select the most and least preferred provider photographs. A total of 77 parents of orthodontic patients participated in the computer-based survey. The results indicated that there were significant differences due to provider sex (P = 0.0013), provider age (P < .0001), dress (P < .0001), nametag (P = 0.0065) and hair (P < .0001). The most preferred providers were the younger female and the older male. Formal attire or scrubs was the most preferred style of dress. There was also a preference for the use of a nametag and for the provider to have his/her hair in a controlled style.
The Influence Of Active Reminders On Oral Hygiene Compliance In Orthodontic Patients, Matthew Eppright
The Influence Of Active Reminders On Oral Hygiene Compliance In Orthodontic Patients, Matthew Eppright
Theses and Dissertations
Text message reminders have proven effective for positive behavioral changes in medicine, but their influence on oral hygiene compliance has never been tested. This study aimed to determine if text message reminders about oral hygiene have an influence on the level of compliance. In this prospective randomized controlled clinical trial, 42 orthodontic patients were assigned to a text message or control group. Parents of patients assigned to the text message group received a reminder text message one weekday each week. Oral hygiene compliance was measured using bleeding index, modified gingival index, plaque index, and visual examination of white spot lesion …
Periodontal Resident Self-Assessment Of Ergonomics Before And After Videotaped Surgeries, Corin Marantz
Periodontal Resident Self-Assessment Of Ergonomics Before And After Videotaped Surgeries, Corin Marantz
Theses and Dissertations
Objective: To examine whether self-assessment of videotaped surgeries helps improve periodontal residents’ ergonomics. Methods: Residents (n=8) provided self-assessments of their own ergonomics while performing periodontal surgery using a questionnaire with open and closed items. Results were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative means. Results: Comparison of responses resulted in a change between Pre-video Surgery 1 and PSV1 (p<0.05) and between the three occasions for flat foot and horizontal shoulder positions (p<0.05). Resident goals were most numerous for improving positions of shoulder, back and neck and most notable responses for failure to achieve goals were the need for surgical access and being too focused the procedure. Conclusions: Videotape review is a valid means of self-assessment. Intervention solely in the form of a questionnaire and videotape review was insufficient in its ability to change the residents’ ergonomics. Barriers to implementation of proper ergonomics were identified.
Comparison Of Root Canal Irrigation Systems In Reducing Intracanal Microorganisms Using Saline-An In Vitro Study, Pranav Desai
Comparison Of Root Canal Irrigation Systems In Reducing Intracanal Microorganisms Using Saline-An In Vitro Study, Pranav Desai
Theses and Dissertations
Mechanical and chemical debridement plays an important role in reducing intracanal microorganisms. Effective root canal irrigation depends on both the root canal irrigant and irrigation system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the debridement efficiency of four root canal irrigation systems, Endovac®, PiezoFlow™, EndoActivator® and traditional needle irrigation using saline as an irrigant. Seventy-five, single canal, extracted, mature teeth were selected. Teeth were standardized to canal lengths of 15 mm and instrumented to Master Apical File size #40 with 4% taper. Teeth were mounted in a centrifuge tube using PVS impression material. Teeth were randomly divided into four …
Perceived Social Attributes Of College Students With Ideal Versus Non-Ideal Dental Esthetics Judged By Peers., David Jones
Perceived Social Attributes Of College Students With Ideal Versus Non-Ideal Dental Esthetics Judged By Peers., David Jones
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of dentofacial appearance on perceived social attributes of college-aged adult males and females as judged by their peers. Specifically, the objective was to determine if ideal smile esthetics positively influenced this age group’s perception of opposite-sex peers based on ratings of the following psychosocial characteristics: attractiveness, desire to spend time with, desire to date, and desire for a long-term relationship. Evaluators were shown digital photographs of subjects with ideal and nonideal smiles and asked to rate those 4 attributes using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The subjects’ photographs with ideal …
Compliance-Free Class Ii Correction And Its Relationship To Vertical Facial Characteristics, Michael Shoff
Compliance-Free Class Ii Correction And Its Relationship To Vertical Facial Characteristics, Michael Shoff
Theses and Dissertations
Background: While efficacy of the Forsus appliance has been shown, there are disagreements on its mechanism for Class II correction. Class II studies have been criticized for ignoring potential differences in results based on differing vertical facial phenotypes. The purpose of this study was to better understand the effects of Class II correction using the Forsus appliance and relate changes during and at the completion of treatment to initial MP-SN angles. Materials and Methods: Records of 59 patients obtained at 4 different time points were examined retrospectively. ANOVA was used to describe the cephalometric changes and Pearson’s correlation tested for …
Mandibular Symphyseal Distraction Osteogenesis (Msdo): Association With Temporomandibular Dysfunction (Tmd) Symptoms, Sheldon Bates
Mandibular Symphyseal Distraction Osteogenesis (Msdo): Association With Temporomandibular Dysfunction (Tmd) Symptoms, Sheldon Bates
Theses and Dissertations
Background: Transverse mandibular discrepancies are often overlooked during orthodontic treatment. MSDO is a treatment to address this issue, but much debate exists over the long-term implications on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Few studies have sample sizes sufficient to draw clear conclusions about the impact of MSDO on TMJ health. Materials and Methods: This study evaluated private practice records including 49 MSDO patients and 57 traditionally-treated controls. The subjects were assessed by TMD exams that evaluated jaw pain and discomfort using visual analog scales, range of motion for opening, right and left lateral, and protrusive movements, and the presence of clenching, …
The Impact Of Maternal Influences On Early Childhood Dental Caries, Rana Graham-Montaque
The Impact Of Maternal Influences On Early Childhood Dental Caries, Rana Graham-Montaque
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the maternal influences on the development of infant oral biofilm and early childhood dental caries. Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional design to evaluate factors influencing biofilm colonization and the identification of bacterial strains present in mother and child by utilizing oral health literacy surveys, clinical examinations, and plaque samples. Participants were enrolled in the Children’s Health Involving Parents of Greater Richmond (CHIP). Plaque samples and dental disease levels were collected from mother and children ages six months to thirty-six months. Oral Health Literacy was compared to both mother and child’s …