Dentistry Commons^™

Nontraumatic Dental Condition-Related Visits To Emergency Departments On Weekdays, Weekends And Night Hours: Findings From The National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, Christopher Okunseri, Elaye Okunseri, Melissa Christine Fischer, Saba Noori Sadeghi, Qun Xiang, Aniko Szabo

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Objective: To determine whether the rates of nontraumatic dental condition (NTDC)-related emergency department (ED) visits are higher during the typical working hours of dental offices and lower during night hours, as well as the associated factors.

Methods: We analyzed data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for 1997 through 2007 using multivariate binary and polytomous logistic regression adjusted for survey design to determine the effect of predictors on specified outcome variables.

Results: Overall, 4,726 observations representing 16.4 million NTDC-related ED visits were identified. Significant differences in rates of NTDC-related ED visits were observed with 40%–50% higher rates during …

Practice Based Dental Research - Advancing And Improving Dental Practice, Gary L. Stafford

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

A Phase I Trial Of Aminolevulinic Acid-Photodynamic Therapy For Treatment Of Oral Leukoplakia, Stuart J. Wong, Bruce Campbell, Becky Massey, Denis P. Lynch, Ezra E.W. Cohen, Elizabeth M. Blair, Rebecca Selle, Julia Shklovskaya, Borko D. Jovanovic, Silvia Skripkauskas, Alexander Dew, Peter Kulesza, Vamsi Parimi, Raymond C. Bergan, Eva Szabo

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid (ALA PDT) for oral leukoplakia has shown promising effects in regression of oral leukoplakia. Although ALA has been extensively studied and is an ideal photosensitizer, the optimal light dose for treatment of oral leukoplakia has not been determined. We conducted a phase I study to determine MTD and DLT of PDT in patients treated with ALA for leukoplakia.

Methods

Patients with histologically confirmed oral leukoplakia received a single treatment of ALA PDT in cohorts with escalating doses of light (585 nm). Clinical, histologic, and biologic markers were assessed.

Results

Analysis of 11 participants is …

Racial And Ethnic Variations In Waiting Times For Emergency Department Visits Related To Nontraumatic Dental Conditions In The United States, Christopher Okunseri, Elaye Okunseri, Cesar A. Chilmaza, Shazeen Harunani, Qun Xiang, Aniko Szabo

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Researchers have documented an association between waiting times in emergency departments (EDs) and quality of care for medical conditions, but little is known about trends and factors associated with waiting times for ED visits related to nontraumatic dental conditions (NTDCs). The authors examined trends in waiting time and associated factors for NTDC-related ED visits in the United States.

Methods

The authors analyzed data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care survey for 1997 to 2007, excluding 2001 and 2002 owing to lack of information about waiting times. The authors used a survey-weighted linear regression of log-transformed waiting-time model to …

Oral Atypical Cellular Blue Nevus: An Infiltrative Melanocytic Proliferation, Brian S. Shumway, Yeshwant B. Rawal, Carl M. Allen, John R. Kalmar, Cynthia M. Magro

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

The atypical cellular blue nevus is an extremely rare nevomelanocytic lesion which lacks precise histologic characterization in the current literature. Given the potential for significant architectural and cytologic overlap with melanoma, further study, including molecular analysis, is needed. This is the first description of an atypical cellular blue nevus of the oral cavity.

Nontraumatic Oral Health Classification For Alternative Use Of Syndromic Data, Sherry Burrer, Howard Burkom, Christopher Okunseri, Laurie Barker, Valerie Robison

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

There is increasing demand for ways to use syndromic surveillance data for population health surveillance. The authors developed a nontraumatic oral health classification that could provide timely burden estimates of oral health-related visits to North Carolina (NC) emergency departments (EDs) using BioSense syndromic data. A combination of literature review, input by subject matter experts, and analysis of syndromic data was employed to create a classification that used select chief complaint text and ICD-9-CM codes for visit inclusion and exclusion criteria. Visit estimates created using this classification could contribute to policy decisions aimed at reducing this unnecessary burden on NC EDs.

Dimensional Changes Of Upper Airway After Rapid Maxillary Expansion: A Prospective Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study, Yoon Hwan Chang, Lisa J. Koenig, Jessica E. Pruszynski, T. Gerard Bradley, Jose A. Bosio, Dawei Liu

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Introduction: The aim of this prospective study was to use cone-beam computed tomography to assess the dimensional changes of the upper airway in orthodontic patients with maxillary constriction treated by rapid maxillary expansion.

Methods: Fourteen orthodontic patients (mean age, 12.9 years; range, 9.7-16 years) were recruited. The patients with posterior crossbite and constricted maxilla were treated with rapid maxillary expansion as the initial part of their comprehensive orthodontic treatments. Before and after rapid maxillary expansion conebeam computed tomography scans were taken to measure the retropalatal and retroglossal airway changes in terms of volume, and sagittal and cross-sectional areas. The transverse …

Changes In Orthodontic Treatment Modalities In The Past 20 Years: Exploring The Link Between Technology And Scientific Evidence, T. Gerard Bradley

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Statement of the issue: Is there a link between the many perceived advances in orthodontic techniques/therapy and science in the past 20 years? The purpose of this paper is to take five topics and match the perceptions with the scientific evidence. The variety of appliances and the swings in treatment philosophy have been dramatic, including the swing from extraction to non-extraction therapy, the introduction of space-age wires, appliances that grow mandibles, the introduction and extraordinary growth of Invisalign, and reduced friction brackets to reduce treatment time, all with claims by manufacturers of better results than ever before. The focus is …

Principles Of Periodontology, Andrew R. Dentino, Seokwoo Lee, Jason Mailhot, Arthur F. Hefti

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Periodontal diseases are among the most common diseases affecting humans. Dental biofilm is a contributor to the etiology of most periodontal diseases. It is also widely accepted that immunological and inflammatory responses to biofilm components are manifested by signs and symptoms of periodontal disease. The outcome of such interaction is modulated by risk factors (modifiers), either inherent (genetic) or acquired (environmental), significantly affecting the initiation and progression of different periodontal disease phenotypes. While definitive genetic determinants responsible for either susceptibility or resistance to periodontal disease have yet to be identified, many factors affecting the pathogenesis have been described, including smoking, …

Systematic Review Of Laser And Other Light Therapy For The Management Of Oral Mucositis In Cancer Patients, Cesar Migliorati, Ian Hewson, Rajesh V. Lalla, Heliton Spindola Antunes, Cherry L. Estilo, Brian D. Hodgson, Nilza Nelly Fontana Lopes, Mark M. Schubert, Joanne Bowen, Sharon Elad

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Background The aim of this study was to review the available literature and define clinical practice guidelines for the use of laser and other light therapies for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis.

Methods A systematic review was conducted by the Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology. The body of evidence for each intervention, in each cancer treatment setting, was assigned an evidence level. Based onthe evidence level, one of the following three guideline determinations was possible: recommendation, suggestion, and no guideline possible.

Results A new recommendation was made …

Different Loading Times For Dental Implants: No Clinically Important Differences?, Gary L. Stafford

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Data sources

The Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, and Embase databases were searched. Reference lists of identified articles were also scanned for relevant papers. There were no restrictions on language or date of publication.

Study selection

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of parallel group design and of split-mouth design including root-form osseointegrated dental implants having a follow-up of four months to one year after loading were included.

Data extraction and synthesis

Data were independently extracted, in duplicate, by at least two review authors. The outcome measures were prosthesis and implant failures …

Preserving Alveolar Bone Growth Following Cervical Root Fracture: A Case Report, Tülin İleri Keçeli, Burak Kutlu, H. Cem Güngör

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Root fracture injuries affect 0.5%–7% of permanent teeth. Although cervical root fractures are less frequent in children, their serious consequences and poor prognosis may lead to tooth loss. In this case presentation, we discuss a treatment approach chosen to preserve alveolar bone growth following a cervical root fracture in an 8-year-old boy.

Ethical Obligations And The Dental Office Team, Toni M. Roucka, Pamela Zarkowski, Evelyn Donate-Bartfield, Donald E. Patthoff

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

A hypothetical case of alleged sexual misconduct in a practice with high employee turnover and stress is analyzed by three experts. This case commentary examines the ethical role expectations of an office manager who is not directly involved but becomes aware of the activities. The commentators bring the perspectives of a dental hygienist. academic administrator. and attorney; a teacher of behavioral sciences in a dental school; and a general dentist with many years of practice experience.

Apoptosis In Temporomandibular Joint Disc With Internal Derangement Involves Mitochondrial-Dependent Pathways. An In Vivo Study, Rosario Caltabiano, Rosalia Leonardi, Giuseppe Musumeci, Giovani Bartoloni, Mugurel Constantin Rusu, Luis Eduardo Almeida, Carla Loreto

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Dental Student Indebtedness: Where Did It Come From And Where Will It Lead?, Gary L. Stafford

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Today’s dental school graduates are burdened by an ever-increasing amount of student loan debt from both their undergraduate and predoctoral educations. Although considered to be multifactorial in origin, this article explores the microeconomic theory of supply and demand as a source for rising tuition costs and subsequent educational debt. The historical context for the cost of a dental education is provided, and serious questions are posed about how this indebtedness might impact the future of the profession.

Intra- And Inter-Examiner Reliability Of Direct Facial Soft Tissue Measurements Using Digital Calipers, Nikolay Mollov, Jose A. Bosio, Jessica E. Pruszynski, Thomas S. Wirtz

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Background: The objective of this study is to determine if facial soft tissue measurements using digital calipers can be reliably taken by the same examiner and by a large group of examiners.

Materials and Methods: Ten examiners performed a set of 18 in-clinic measurements on 10 female and 10 male dental students using a digital caliper twice over a 3-week period. The intra-class correlation coefficient and the Shrout-Fleiss method were used for the statistical analysis.

Results: Anthropometric intra-examiner reliability was high for all measurements (none fell below R = 0.934). However, inter-examiner reliability exhibited a wide range of values, some …

Intraoral Phaeohyphomycosis, Yeshwant B. Rawal, John R. Kalmar

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Phaeohyphomycosis is an infection caused by pigment-producing saprophytic fungi. Systemic infections may occur in the immunocompromised patient. Infection in healthy individuals may result in subcutaneous abscess formation. Oral lesions appear to be rare. A case of intraoral phaeohyphomycosis presenting as a well-demarcated, painful nodule of the anterior hard palate in a 12-year-old healthy male is described. The mass was excised and the diagnosis was established following histopathologic examination of the tissue.

Expression And Localization Of Aquaporin‐1 In Temporomandibular Joint Disc With Internal Derangement, Carla Loreto, Concetta Galanti, Luis Eduardo Almeida, Rosalia Leonardi, Giuseppe Pannone, Giuseppe Musumeci, Maria Luisa Carnazza, Rosario Caltabiano

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Background: Internal derangement is the most frequent arthropathy affecting the temporomandibular joint, where its commonest form is anterior disc displacement with or without reduction. Despite the frequency of the disorder, the biochemical features of displaced discs are still unclear.

Methods: We investigated the expression pattern and localization of aquaporin‐1, an important channel protein involved in plasma membrane water permeability, in patients with anterior disc displacement (both with and without reduction), with a view to assessing the characteristics of local tissue responses to the microenvironmental changes induced by abnormal mechanical loading of the displaced disc. Protein expression was studied by immunohistochemistry …

Titanium Nitride And Nitrogen Ion Implanted Coated Dental Materials, Youssef S. Al Jabbari, Jennifer Fehrman, Ashley C. Barnes, Angela M. Zapf, David W. Berzins, Spiros Zinelis

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Titanium nitride and/or nitrogen ion implanted coated dental materials have been investigated since the mid-1980s and considered in various applications in dentistry such as implants, abutments, orthodontic wires, endodontic files, periodontal/oral hygiene instruments, and casting alloys for fixed restorations. Multiple methodologies have been employed to create the coatings, but detailed structural analysis of the coatings is generally lacking in the dental literature. Depending on application, the purpose of the coating is to provide increased surface hardness, abrasion/wear resistance, esthetics, and corrosion resistance, lower friction, as well as greater beneficial interaction with adjacent biological and material substrates. While many studies have …

Amelioration Of Oral Mucositis Pain By Nasa Near Infra Red Light Emitting Diodes In Bone Marrow Transplant Patients, Brian D. Hodgson, David Margolis, Donna E. Salzman, Dan C. Eastwood, Sergey Tarima, Lisa D. Williams, Jane E. Sande, William P. Vaughan, Harry T. Whelan

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

PURPOSE: To investigate the use of extra-orally applied near infra-red (NIR) phototherapy for the reduction of oral pain secondary to chemo- and radiation-therapy induced mucositis in adult and pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients.

METHODS: 80 HSCT were divided into regular (R) and low (L) risk groups, then to experimental (E) and placebo (P) groups, resulting in 4 groups (ER, EL, PR, PL). Experimental subjects received (670 (+/- 10) nm gallium-aluminum-arsinide light emitting diode (LED) device for 80 sec at an ~50mW/cm2 energy density and power exposure of 4J/cm2. Placebo patients received the same procedures, but with a placebo …

Effect Of Light-Cure Initiation Time On Polymerization Efficiency And Orthodontic Bond Strength With A Resin-Modified Glass-Ionomer, J. T. Thomas, H. W. Roberts, L. Diaz, Thomas Gerard Bradley, David W. Berzins

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Objectives –  The polymerization and acid–base reactions in resin-modified glass-ionomers (RMGI) are thought to compete with and inhibit one another. To examine the effect of visible light-cure (VLC) delay on the polymerization efficiency and orthodontic bond strength of a dual-cured RMGI.

Setting and Sample Population –  The Orthodontics Graduate Program at Marquette University. An in vitro study utilizing 72 freshly extracted human bicuspid teeth.

Materials and Methods –  A RMGI light-cured immediately, 2.5, 5, or 10 min after mixing comprised the experimental groups. Isothermal and dynamic temperature scan differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of the RMGI was performed to determine …

Bonding With Self-Etching Primers – Pumice Or Pre-Etch? An In Vitro Study, Ian J. Fitzgerald, Gerard T. Bradley, Jose A. Bosio, Arthur F. Hefti, David W. Berzins

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strengths (SBSs) of orthodontic brackets bonded with self-etching primer (SEP) using different enamel surface preparations. A two-by-two factorial study design was used. Sixty human premolars were harvested, cleaned, and randomly assigned to four groups (n = 15 per group). Teeth were bathed in saliva for 48 hours to form a pellicle. Treatments were assigned as follows: group 1 was pumiced for 10 seconds and pre-etched for 5 seconds with 37 per cent phosphoric acid before bonding with SEP (Transbond Plus). Group 2 was pumiced for 10 seconds before …

Analysis Of Abstracts Presented At The Prosthodontic Research Section Of Iadr General Sessions 2004–2005: Demographics, Publication Rates, And Factors Contributing To Publication, Damian J. Lee, Judy Chia-Chun Yuan, Soni Prasad, Valentim A. R. Barao, Nodesh Shyamsunder, Cortino Sukotjo

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to describe the demographics of abstracts presented at the prosthodontics section of IADR General Sessions from 2004 to 2005, evaluate the publication rate of abstracts, and analyze the relationship between variables in abstracts and publication.

Materials and Methods: Prosthodontics research section abstracts from the IADR General Session in 2004 and 2005 were evaluated for: number of authors, presentation type, origin, affiliation, topic, study design, statistics, study outcome, and funding. The publication rate was calculated following a PubMed search. The journal of publication, year of publication, and the length of time before publication were …

Slow-Growing Gingival Mass, Yeshwant B. Rawal, Denise Mustiful-Martin, Molly S. Rosebush, Kenneth M. Anderson, Harry H. Mincer

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Objectives

A 33-year-old woman presented with a slow growing palatal gingival mass. The clinical differential diagnosis included benign tumors and tumor-like lesions, including the pyogenic granuloma, peripheral giant cell granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, giant cell fibroma, peripheral odontogenic tumors, and oral focal mucinosis.

Study design

The lesion was excised and histopathological examination followed by immunohistochemical staining was carried out.

Results

The microscopic findings and the immunohistochemical reactivity was diagnostic for a nerve sheath myxoma.

Evidence Supporting Platform-Switching To Preserve Marginal Bone Levels Not Definitive, Gary L. Stafford

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Data sources

MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), UK National Research Register, Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness (DARE), ISI Proceedings for relevant conference abstracts. The search strategy used keywords but not subject heading terms. A number of relevant journals were hand searched (seven most recent years) and authors were contacted in the absence of complete data.

Study selection

Randomised controlled trials (RCT) or controlled clinical trials (CCT) reported in English only, that compared platform-switched to platform-matched implants were eligible. A …

A Snapshot Of Dental Adhesives, Gary L. Stafford

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Patient Characteristics And Trends In Nontraumatic Dental Condition Visits To Emergency Departments In The United States, Christopher Okunseri, Elaye Okunseri, Joshua M. Thorpe, Qun Xiang, Aniko Szabo

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Objective: We examined trends and patient characteristics for non-traumatic dental condition (NTDC) visits to emergency departments (EDs), and compared them to other ED visit types, specifically non-dental ambulatory care sensitive conditions (non-dental ACSCs) and non-ambulatory care sensitive conditions (non-ACSCs) in the United States.

Methods: We analyzed data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care survey (NHAMCS) for 1997 to 2007. We performed descriptive statistics and used a multivariate multinomial logistic regression to examine the odds of one of the three visit types occurring at an ED. All analyses were adjusted for the survey design.

Results: NTDC visits accounted for 1.4% …

Rural–Urban Differences In Dental Service Use Among Children Enrolled In A Private Dental Insurance Plan In Wisconsin: Analysis Of Administrative Data, Pradeep Bhagavatula, Qun Xiang, Aniko Szabo, Fredrick Eichmiller, Raymond A. Kuthy, Christopher Okunseri

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Studies on rural–urban differences in dental care have primarily focused on differences in utilization rates and preventive dental services. Little is known about rural–urban differences in the use of wider range of dental procedures. This study examined patterns of preventive, restorative, endodontic, and extraction procedures provided to children enrolled in Delta Dental of Wisconsin (DDWI).

Methods

We analyzed DDWI enrollment and claims data for children aged 0-18 years from 2002 to 2008. We modified and used a rural and urban classification based on ZIP codes developed by the Wisconsin Area Health Education Center (AHEC). We categorized the ZIP codes …

Discrepancies Between Abstracts Presented At International Association For Dental Research Annual Sessions From 2004 To 2005 And Full-Text Publication, Soni Prasad, Damian J. Lee, Judy Chia-Chun Yuan, Valentim A. R. Barao, Nodesh Shyamsunder, Cortino Sukotjo

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the discrepancies between abstracts presented at the IADR meeting (2004-2005) and their full-text publication. Material and Methods. Abstracts from the Prosthodontic Section of IADR meeting were obtained. The following information was collected: abstract title, number of authors, study design, statistical analysis, outcome, and funding source. PubMed was used to identify the full-text publication of the abstracts. The discrepancies between the abstract and the full-text publication were examined, categorized as major and minor discrepancies, and quantified. The data were collected and analyzed using descriptive analysis. Frequency and percentage of major …

Fluoride Varnish May Improve White Spot Lesions, Gary L. Stafford

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Design

A randomised, parallel-group, controlled clinical trial.

Intervention

The test group had fluoride varnish applied onto the tooth surfaces with WSLs using a miniature cotton swab or brush and advised not to brush for four hours. The control group had saline solution applied.

Outcome measure

Status of the WSLs were assessed using a DIAGNOdent pen (KaVo, Biberach, Germany).

Results

Of the 110 participants recruited, 14 dropped out between the debonding and the six-month recall visit. There were statistically significant differences between the mean DIAGNOdent readings of the two groups at the three-month (P

Conclusions

A greater decrease in DIAGNOdent pen …