Dentistry Commons^™

Impact Of Covid-19 On Dental Education In The United States, Parvati Iyer, Kalid Aziz, David M. Ojcius

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© 2020 American Dental Education Association Dental institutions in the United States are reeling from the consequences of the novel SARS-CoV2 coronavirus, the causative agent of CODIV-19. As oral health care providers, we have been trained on prevention of aerosol transmissible diseases, but we are still grappling with many unknown factors regarding COVID-19. While the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), American Dental Association (ADA), and local state agencies are releasing updates on guidelines for dentists and patients, no official information exists for dental institutions on how to effectively follow the recommended guidelines including “shelter in place” with social …

The Three-Dimensional Stable Mandibular Landmarks In Patients Between The Ages Of 12.5 And 17.1 Years, Gui Chen, Mona Al Awadi, David W. Chambers, Manuel O. Lagravère-Vich, Tianmin Xu, Heesoo Oh

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Background: With the aid of implants, Björk identified two-dimensional mandibular stable structures in cephalograms during facial growth. However, we do not know what the three-dimensional stable structures are with certainty. The purpose of this study was to identify the most stable mandibular landmarks in growing patients using three-dimensional images. Methods: The sample was comprised of two cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans taken about 4.6 years apart in 20 growing patients between the ages of 12.5 (T1) and 17.1 years (T2). After head orientation, landmarks were located on the chin (Pog), internal symphysis (Points C, D and E), and mandibular canals, …

S-Seco-Porphyrazine As A New Member Of The Seco-Porphyrazine Family – Synthesis, Characterization And Photocytotoxicity Against Cancer Cells, Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk, Jaroslaw Piskorz, Lukasz Popenda, Magdalena Stolarska, Wojciech Szczolko, Krystyna Konopka, Stefan Jurga, Lukasz Sobotta, Jadwiga Mielcarek, Nejat Düzgüneş, Tomasz Goslinski

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An important subgroup within the porphyrazine (Pz) family constitutes seco-porphyrazines, in the chemical structure of which one pyrrole unit is opened in the oxidative process. So far, there are only limited data on N-seco- and C-seco-Pzs. Here, the synthesis of a novel member of the Pzs seco-family, represented by an S-seco-tribenzoporphyrazine analogue, 22,23-bis(4-(3,5-dibutoxycarbonylphenoxy)butylsulfanyl)tribenzo[b,g,l]-22,23-dioxo-22,23-seco-porphyrazinato magnesium(II), is reported, with moderate 34% yield. The new derivative was characterized using NMR spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. In the photochemical study performed following the indirect chemical method with 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran, S-seco-Pz revealed a high singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.27 in DMF. Potential photocytotoxicity of …

The Role Of Glial Cell Derived Neurotrophic Factor In Head And Neck Cancer, Hongbin Cao, Qian He, Rie Von Eyben, Joshua Bloomstein, Dhanya K. Nambiar, Vignesh Viswanathan, Sonya Aggarwal, Shirley Kwok, Rachel Liang, Amanda J. Koong, James S. Lewis Jr., Christina Kong, Nan Xiao, Quynh-Thu Le

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Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is reported to promote the survival of neurons and salivary gland regeneration after radiation damage. This study investigated the effect of GDNF on cell migration, growth, and response to radiation in preclinical models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and correlated GDNF expression to treatment outcomes in HNSCC patients. Our ultimate goal is to determine whether systemic administration of GDNF at high dose is safe for the management of hyposalivation or xerostomia in HNSCC patients. Three HPV-positive and three HPV-negative cell lines were examined for cell migration, growth, and clonogenic survival in vitro …

Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Complex Regulates Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation And Predicts Patient Survival In Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, I. Che Chung, Lih Chyang Chen, Ngan Ming Tsang, Wen Yu Chuang, Tzu Chieh Liao, Sheng Ning Yuan, Chun Nan Ouyang, David M. Ojcius, Chih Ching Wu, Yu Sun Chang

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© 2020 Chung et al. We previously reported that tumor inflammasomes play a key role in tumor control and act as favorable prognostic markers in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Activated inflammasomes frequently form distinguishable specks and govern the cellular secretion of IL-1β. However, we know little about the biological and biochemical differences between cells with and without apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC) speck formation. In this study, we used proteomic iTRAQ analysis to analyze the proteomes of NPC cells that differ in their ASC speck formation upon cisplatin treatment. We identified proteins that were differentially over-expressed in cells …

Immune Response Against Chlamydia Trachomatis Via Toll-Like Receptors Is Negatively Regulated By Sigirr, Mufadhal Al-Kuhlani, Graham Lambert, Sukumar Pal, Luis De La Maza, David M. Ojcius

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Copyright: © 2020 Al-Kuhlani et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial sexually-transmitted infection and the major cause of preventable blindness worldwide. The asymptomatic nature of many infections along with uncontrolled inflammation leads to irreversible damage in the upper genital tract and the tarsal conjunctivae, with the major complications of infertility and chronic pelvic pain, and blindness, respectively. Inflammation must, therefore, be tightly regulated to …

Possible Role Of Tryptophan And Melatonin In Covid-19, Musthafa Mohamed Essa, Hamdan Hamdan, Saravana Babu Chidambaram, Buthainah Al-Balushi, Gilles J. Guillemin, David M. Ojcius, M. Walid Qoronfleh

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No abstract provided.

Sleep Deprivation And Neurological Disorders, Muhammed Bishir, Abid Bhat, Musthafa Mohamed Essa, Okobi Ekpo, Amadi O. Ihunwo, Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan, Surapaneni Krishna Mohan, Arehally M. Mahalakshmi, Bipul Ray, Sunanda Tuladhar, Sulie Chang, Saravana Babu Chidambaram, Meena Kishore Sakharkar, Gilles J. Guillemin, M. Walid Qoronfleh, David M. Ojcius

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Sleep plays an important role in maintaining neuronal circuitry, signalling and helps maintain overall health and wellbeing. Sleep deprivation (SD) disturbs the circadian physiology and exerts a negative impact on brain and behavioural functions. SD impairs the cellular clearance of misfolded neurotoxin proteins like α-synuclein, amyloid-β, and tau which are involved in major neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In addition, SD is also shown to affect the glymphatic system, a glial-dependent metabolic waste clearance pathway, causing accumulation of misfolded faulty proteins in synaptic compartments resulting in cognitive decline. Also, SD affects the immunological and redox system resulting …

Effects Of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Exposure On Oral And Systemic Health, Cássio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-Da-Silva, Harmony Matshik Dakafay, Kenji O'Brien, Dallin Montierth, Nan Xiao, David M. Ojcius

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Conventional cigarette smoke harms nearly every organ of the body and is the leading cause of death in the United States and in the world. Decades of research have associated conventional cigarette smoke with several diseases and death. Heavily marketed, electronic nicotine delivery systems such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are available in a variety of flavors and high nicotine concentrations. In 2019, a severe lung disease outbreak linked to e-cigarette use led to several deaths, which was called electronic-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI). Even though the trend of e-cigarette use among teens continues to increase, information on …

Orofacial Pain And Menstrually Related Migraine, Chisa Nishihara, Keisuke Hatori, Yung-Chu Hsu, Kana Ozasa, Andrew L. Young, Yoshiki Imamura, Noboru Noma

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PURPOSE: Migraine is a common, debilitating, primary headache disorder that can cause and be affected by odontalgia.

CASE REPORT: A 49-year-old woman(Patient 1) presented with pulsating pain in the left maxillary molar area, and a history of unsuccessful root canal treatment. She was ultimately diagnosed with menstrually related migraine without aura and zolmitriptan was prescribed, which reduced her headache and toothache together. A 45-year-old woman (Patient 2) presented with throbbing pain in the right maxillary molar and cheek area. Past repeated endodontic therapy had been unsuccessful. She was then diagnosed with menstrually related migraine without aura, and sumatriptan significantly reduced …

Hiv-1 Envelope Overcomes Nlrp3-Mediated Inhibition Of F-Actin Polymerization For Viral Entry, Audrey Paoletti, Awatef Allouch, Marina Caillet, Hela Saïdi, Frédéric Subra, Roberta Nardacci, Qiuji Wu, Zeinaf Muradova, Laurent Voisin, Syed Qasim Raza, Frédéric Law, Maxime Thoreau, Haithem Dakhli, Olivier Delelis, Béatrice Poirier-Beaudouin, Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet, Roger Le Grand, Olivier Lambotte, Asier Saez-Cirion, Gianfranco Pancino, David M. Ojcius, Eric Solary, Eric Deutsch, Mauro Piacentini, Marie Lise Gougeon, Guido Kroemer, Jean Luc Perfettini

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© 2019 The Author(s) Purinergic receptors and nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) proteins have been shown to control viral infection. Here, we show that the NLR family member NLRP3 and the purinergic receptor P2Y2 constitutively interact and regulate susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. We found that NLRP3 acts as an inhibitory factor of viral entry that represses F-actin remodeling. The binding of the HIV-1 envelope to its host cell receptors (CD4, CXCR4, and/or CCR5) overcomes this restriction by stimulating P2Y2. Once activated, P2Y2 enhances its interaction with NLRP3 and stimulates the recruitment of the E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL to NLRP3, …

In Vivo Effectiveness And Safety Of Probiotics On Prophylaxis And Treatment Of Oral Candidiasis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Lijun Hu, Mimi Zhou, Andrew L. Young, Weiwei Zhao, Zhimin Yan

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BACKGROUND: To systematically review and assess the in vivo effectiveness and safety of probiotics for prophylaxis and treating oral candidiasis.

METHODS: A literature search for studies published in English until August 1, 2018 was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Randomized controlled clinical trials and experimental mouse animal model studies comparing probiotics (at any dosage and in any form) with control groups (placebo, blank control or other agents) and reporting outcomes of the prophylactic and therapeutic effects were considered for inclusion. A descriptive study and, potentially, a meta-analysis were planned.

RESULTS: Six randomized …

Eradication Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 (Hiv-1)-Infected Cells, Nejat Düzgüneş, Krystyna Konopka

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Predictions made soon after the introduction of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitors about potentially eradicating the cellular reservoirs of HIV-1 in infected individuals were too optimistic. The ability of the HIV-1 genome to remain in the chromosomes of resting CD4+ T cells and macrophages without being expressed (HIV-1 latency) has prompted studies to activate the cells in the hopes that the immune system can recognize and clear these cells. The absence of natural clearance of latently infected cells has led to the recognition that additional interventions are necessary. Here, we review the potential of utilizing suicide gene therapy …

Antrodia Cinnamomea Induces Anti-Tumor Activity By Inhibiting The Stat3 Signaling Pathway In Lung Cancer Cells, Tsung-Teng Huang, Ying-Wei Lan, Chuan-Mu Chen, Yun-Fei Ko, David M. Ojcius, Jan Martel, John D. Young, Kowit-Yu Chong

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We examined the effects of an Antrodia cinnamomea ethanol extract (ACEE) on lung cancer cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. ACEE produced dose-dependent cytotoxic effects and induced apoptosis in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. ACEE treatment increased expression of p53 and Bax, as well as cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP, while reducing expression of survivin and Bcl-2. ACEE also reduced the levels of JAK2 and phosphorylated STAT3 in LLC cells. In a murine allograft tumor model, oral administration of ACEE significantly inhibited LLC tumor growth and metastasis without affecting serum biological parameters or body weight. ACEE increased cleavage …

Chlamydia Pneumoniae Is Present In The Dental Plaque Of Periodontitis Patients And Stimulates An Inflammatory Response In Gingival Epithelial Cells, Cássio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-Da-Silva, Tamer Alpagot, Ye Zhu, Sonho Sierra Lee, Brian P. Roberts, Shu-Chen Hung, Norina Tang, David M. Ojcius

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Chlamydia pneumoniae is an airborne, Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium which causes human respiratory infections and has been associated with atherosclerosis. Because individuals with periodontitis are at greater risk for atherosclerosis as well as respiratory infections, we in-vestigated the role of C. pneumoniae in inflammation and periodontal dis-ease. We found that C. pneumoniae was more frequently found in subgingival dental plaque obtained from periodontally diseased sites of the mouth versus healthy sites. The known periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, were also found in the plaque. In addition, C. pneumoniae could efficiently invade human gingival epithelial cells (GECs) in …

Introduction To The Field Actions Science Reports Special Issue 19 (2019): Reinventing Plastics, David M. Ojcius, Nicolas Renard

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No abstract provided.

Pretreatment With A Heat-Killed Probiotic Modulates The Nlrp3 Inflammasome And Attenuates Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer In Mice, I. Che Chung, Chun Nan Ouyang, Sheng Ning Yuan, Hsin Chung Lin, Kuo Yang Huang, Pao Shu Wu, Chia Yuan Liu, Kuen Jou Tsai, Lai Keng Loi, Yu Jen Chen, An Ko Chung, David M. Ojcius, Yu Sun Chang, Lih Chyang Chen

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© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Inflammation contributes to cancer development and inflammatory bowel disease is an important risk factor for CRC. The aim of this study is to assess whether a widely used probiotic Enterococcus faecalis can modulate the NLRP3 inflammasome and protect against colitis and colitis-associated CRC. We studied the effect of heat-killed cells of E. faecalis on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in THP-1-derived macrophages. Pretreatment of E. faecalis or NLRP3 siRNA can inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages in response to fecal content or …

Pretreatment With A Heat-Killed Probiotic Modulates The Nlrp3 Inflammasome And Attenuates Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer In Mice., I-Che Chung, Chun-Nan Ouyang, Sheng-Ning Yuan, Hsin-Chung Lin, Kuo-Yang Huang, Pao-Shu Wu, Chia-Yuan Liu, Kuen-Jou Tsai, Lai-Keng Loi, Yu-Jen Chen, An-Ko Chung, David M. Ojcius, Yu-Sun Chang, Lih-Chyang Chen

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Inflammation contributes to cancer development and inflammatory bowel disease is an important risk factor for CRC. The aim of this study is to assess whether a widely used probiotic Enterococcus faecalis can modulate the NLRP3 inflammasome and protect against colitis and colitis-associated CRC. We studied the effect of heat-killed cells of E. faecalis on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in THP-1-derived macrophages. Pretreatment of E. faecalis or NLRP3 siRNA can inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages in response to fecal content or commensal microbes, P. mirabilis or E. coli, according …

Association Between Periodontal Pathogens And Systemic Disease, Fiona Q. Bui, Cássio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-Da-Silva, Brandon Huynh, Alston Trinh, Jessica Liu, Jacob Woodward, Homer Asadi, David M. Ojcius

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A growing body of literature suggests that there is a link between periodontitis and systemic diseases. These diseases include cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal and colorectal cancer, diabetes and insulin resistance, and Alzheimer's disease, as well as respiratory tract infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The presence of periodontal pathogens and their metabolic by-products in the mouth may in fact modulate the immune response beyond the oral cavity, thus promoting the development of systemic conditions. A cause-and-effect relationship has not been established yet for most of the diseases, and the mediators of the association are still being identified. A better understanding of the …

Immunological Pathways Triggered By Porphyromonas Gingivalis And Fusobacterium Nucleatum: Therapeutic Possibilities?, Kívia Queiroz De Andrade, Cassio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-Da-Silva, Robson Coutinho-Silva

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Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) are Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria possessing several virulence factors that make them potential pathogens associated with periodontal disease. Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, including gingivitis and periodontitis. Periodontitis can lead to tooth loss and is considered one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum possess virulence factors that allow them to survive in hostile environments by selectively modulating the host's immune-inflammatory response, thereby creating major challenges to host cell survival. Studies have demonstrated that bacterial infection and the host immune responses are involved …

Dicer Regulates Activation Of The Nlrp3 Inflammasome, David M. Ojcius, Ardavan Jafari, Laxmi Yeruva, Christian W. Schindler, Ali A. Abdul-Sater

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Inflammation plays a critical role in initiation of adaptive immunity, pathogen clearance and tissue repair. Interleukin (IL)-1β is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine and therefore its production is tightly regulated: its secretion requires the assembly of a macromolecular protein complex, termed the inflammasome. Aberrant activation of the inflammasome has been linked to debilitating human diseases including chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Thus, there is a great interest in understanding how inflammasomes are regulated. Here we show that Dicer, an enzyme necessary for the production of mature micro-RNAs (miRNAs), is required for optimal activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in bone marrow macrophages. Our …

Vwa Proteins Of Leptospira Interrogans Induce Hemorrhage In Leptospirosis By Competitive Inhibition Of Vwf/Gpib-Mediated Platelet Aggregation., Jia-Qi Fang, Muhammad Imran, Wei-Lin Hu, David M. Ojcius, Yang Li, Yu-Mei Ge, Kai-Xuan Li, Xu'ai Lin, Jie Yan

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BACKGROUD: Leptospira interrogans is the major causative agent of leptospirosis, a worldwide zoonotic disease. Hemorrhage is a typical pathological feature of leptospirosis. Binding of von Willebrand factor (vWF) to platelet glycoprotein-Ibα (GPIbα) is a crucial step in initiation of platelet aggregation. The products of L. interrogans vwa-I and vwa-II genes contain vWF-A domains, but their ability to induce hemorrhage has not been determined.

METHODS: Human (Hu)-platelet- and Hu-GPIbα-binding abilities of the recombinant proteins expressed by L. interrogans strain Lai vwa-I and vwa-II genes (rLep-vWA-I and rLep-vWA-II) were detected by flowcytometry, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Hu-platelet …

Src-Family Kinase-Cbl Axis Negatively Regulates Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation., I-Che Chung, Sheng-Ning Yuan, Chun-Nan Ouyang, Hsin-Chung Lin, Kuo-Yang Huang, Yu-Jen Chen, An-Ko Chung, Ching-Liang Chu, David M. Ojcius, Yu-Sun Chang, Lih-Chyang Chen

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Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is crucial for immune defense, but improper and excessive activation causes inflammatory diseases. We previously reported that Pyk2 is essential for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Here we show that the Src-family kinases (SFKs)-Cbl axis plays a pivotal role in suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation in response to stimulation by nigericin or ATP, as assessed using gene knockout and gene knockdown cells, dominant active/negative mutants, and pharmacological inhibition. We reveal that the phosphorylation of Cbl is regulated by SFKs, and that phosphorylation of Cbl at Tyr371 suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Mechanistically, Cbl decreases the level of phosphorylated Pyk2 …

Nlrx1 Modulates Differentially Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation And Nf-Κb Signaling During Fusobacterium Nucleatum Infection, Shu Chen Hung, Pei Rong Huang, Cassio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-Da-Silva, Kalina R. Atanasova, Ozlem Yilmaz, David M. Ojcius

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NOD-like receptors (NLRs) play a large role in regulation of host innate immunity, yet their role in periodontitis remains to be defined. NLRX1, a member of the NLR family that localizes to mitochondria, enhances mitochondrial ROS (mROS) generation. mROS can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, yet the role of NLRX1 in NLRP3 inflammasome activation has not been examined. In this study, we revealed the mechanism by which NLRX1 positively regulates ATP-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation through mROS in gingival epithelial cells (GECs). We found that depletion of NLRX1 by shRNA attenuated ATP-induced mROS generation and redistribution of the NLRP3 inflammasome adaptor protein, …

A Novel Fas-Binding Outer Membrane Protein And Lipopolysaccharide Of Leptospira Interrogans Induce Macrophage Apoptosis Through The Fas/Fasl-Caspase-8/-3 Pathway., Peng Du, Shi-Jun Li, David M. Ojcius, Kai-Xuan Li, Wei-Lin Hu, Xu'ai Lin, Ai-Hua Sun, Jie Yan

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Leptospira interrogans is the major causative agent of leptospirosis, an emerging, globally spreading zoonotic infectious disease. The pathogen induces macrophage apoptosis, but the molecular basis and mechanism remain unknown. In the present study, we found that L. interrogans caused apoptosis of phagocytosis-inhibited macrophages, and the product of the L. interrogans LB047 gene (Lep-OMP047) was the unique protein captured by mouse and human Fas proteins. The recombinant expressed Lep-OMP047 (rLep-OMP047) strongly bound mouse and human Fas proteins with equilibrium association constant (K

Anticancer Chemotherapy And Radiotherapy Trigger Both Non-Cell-Autonomous And Cell-Autonomous Death., Isabelle Martins, Syed Qasim Raza, Laurent Voisin, Haithem Dakhli, Awatef Allouch, Frédéric Law, Dora Sabino, Dorine De Jong, Maxime Thoreau, Elodie Mintet, Delphine Dugué, Mauro Piacentini, Marie-Lise Gougeon, Fanny Jaulin, Pascale Bertrand, Catherine Brenner, David M. Ojcius, Guido Kroemer, Nazanine Modjtahedi, Eric Deutsch, Jean-Luc Perfettini

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Even though cell death modalities elicited by anticancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been extensively studied, the ability of anticancer treatments to induce non-cell-autonomous death has never been investigated. By means of multispectral imaging flow-cytometry-based technology, we analyzed the lethal fate of cancer cells that were treated with conventional anticancer agents and co-cultured with untreated cells, observing that anticancer agents can simultaneously trigger cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous death in treated and untreated cells. After ionizing radiation, oxaliplatin, or cisplatin treatment, fractions of treated cancer cell populations were eliminated through cell-autonomous death mechanisms, while other fractions of the treated cancer cells engulfed and …

Lipoxin A4 Attenuates The Inflammatory Response In Stem Cells Of The Apical Papilla Via Alx/Fpr2, A. Gaudin, Miroslav Tolar, Ove A. Peters

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Similar to the onset phase of inflammation, its resolution is a process that unfolds in a manner that is coordinated and regulated by a panel of mediators. Lipoxin A4 (LXA₄) has been implicated as an anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving mediator. We hypothesized that LXA₄ attenuates or prevents an inflammatory response via the immunosuppressive activity of Stem Cells of the Apical Papilla (SCAP). Here, we report for the first time in vitro that in a SCAP population, lipoxin receptor ALX/FPR2 was constitutively expressed and upregulated after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and/or TNF-α. Moreover, LXA₄ significantly enhanced proliferation, migration, and wound …

Salivary Biomarkers For The Diagnosis And Monitoring Of Neurological Diseases, R. Farah, H. Haraty, Z. Salame, Y. Fares, David M. Ojcius, N. Said Sadier

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Current research efforts on neurological diseases are focused on identifying novel disease biomarkers to aid in diagnosis, provide accurate prognostic information and monitor disease progression. With advances in detection and quantification methods in genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, saliva has emerged as a good source of samples for detection of disease biomarkers. Obtaining a sample of saliva offers multiple advantages over the currently tested biological fluids as it is a non-invasive, painless and simple procedure that does not require expert training or harbour undesirable side effects for the patients. Here, we review the existing literature on salivary biomarkers and examine their …

Demetallization Of Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilm: A Preliminary Study, Carlos Estrela, Rodrigo Costa E Silva, Roberta Cerasi Urban, Pablo Jose Gonçalves, Julio A. Silva, Jesus Djalma Pecora, Ove A. Peters

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Objectives: To determine the concentration of calcium, iron, manganese and zinc ions after the application of chelator to Enterococcus faecalis biofilms.

Material and Methods: Fifty bovine maxillary central incisors were prepared and inoculated with E. faecalis for 60 days. The following were used as irrigation solutions: 17% EDTA (pH 3, 7 and 10), 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) combined with 17% EDTA (pH 3, 7 and 10), distilled water (pH 3, 7 and 10), and 2.5% NaOCl. Each solution was kept in the root canal for five minutes. Fifteen uncontaminated root canals were irrigated with 17% EDTA (pH 3, 7 and …

Comparison Of Expression Of The Gdnf Family Neurotrophic Factors In Dental Pulp Stem Cells With Deciduous And Adult Teeth, Kamille Mercado, Nan (Tori) Xiao

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The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family has a role in neuron growth within the peripheral and central nervous systems. This makes it a potential therapeutic agent for neurological conditions like Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy. GDNF has also been implicated in murine odontogenesis. In permanent and deciduous human dental pulp stem cells, this study found that GDNF family members and receptors are expressed, indicating neurotrophic factors may play a role in dental pulp regeneration.