Dentistry Commons^™

Cbct Use In Orthodontic Residency Programs In Usa, Su Min Han

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background and Objectives: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans in dentistry have been up and coming forms of x-ray technology that allows cross-sectional images to form a comprehensive 3-dimensional representation of the mouth. While the typical use for CBCT imaging is reported to be for implant dentistry, there are many contexts in which it is indicated in orthodontics. There are various schools of thought regarding when CBCT is indicated for specific diagnosis of problems or general use in the collection of initial, progress and post-treatment orthodontic records. There are programs that follow the Radiology guidelines for taking CBCT scans10 and …

Zonulin As A Mediator Of Psychological Stress And Periodontal Disease, Casey D. Wright

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The prevalence of chronic inflammatory diseases is on the rise. Some have posited the permeability of tight junctions in gastrointestinal epithelium tissues as a potential mechanism for precipitating inflammatory processes throughout the body. Zonulin is the only known modulator of tight junction permeability and has been implicated in numerous chronic inflammatory processes (e.g., proinflammatory cytokine production) and diseases, more generally. The role of zonulin in oral inflammation, however, has yet to be explored. Periodontal disease is the most common oral inflammatory condition and primary perpetrator of tooth loss. Periodontal disease also is associated with a number of other health problems …

Cytotoxic Effects Of Potential Irrigants For Endodontic Surgery, Kaiying Haggard

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate if hypochlorous acid (Vashe and Endocyn), Ozone, sodium hypochlorite (0.5% NaOCl), chlorhexidine (0.12% CHX), and MTAD can be used as a disinfectant for endodontic surgery without causing bone tissue toxicity by comparing their cytotoxic effects to saline on osteoblasts in vitro.

Methods: Human Fetal Osteoblast Cells (hFOB 1.19, ATCC CRL-11372) were used. The cells viability after 10-minute exposure of Vashe, Endocyn, Ozone, NaOCl (0.5%), CHX (0.12%), MTAD, and saline at concentrations of 10, 30, 60, 90 % volume ratio were measured using CCK8 analysis and the absorbance were measured at 450 …

Evaluation Of Dental And Skeletal Changes With Sequential Distalization Of Maxillary Molars Using Clear Aligners: A Preliminary Study, Minh Phi Nguyen

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Introduction: Class II malocclusions can be treated with appliances such as the pendulum appliance or distal jets to distalize maxillary molars to achieve a Class I molar relationships. It is not clear in the literature whether these clear aligners can distalize maxillary molars, dental tipping, or translation. The objective was to evaluate the dental and skeletal changes in three planes spaces using CBCT scans and compare the treatment changes with a control group of subjects. Methods: Eight Class II division 1 malocclusions patients treated with maxillary molar distalization using clear aligners. Twelve molars were evaluated for tooth movement in three …

Accuracy Of Digital Impressions At Varying Implant Depths: An In-Vitro Study, Vivia Sequeira

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Introduction: Implants placed at variable depths may vary the amount of visible scannable surface of a scan body. Intraoral scanner technology uses advanced optical principles to record the surface of the scan body to accurately capture the implant position.

Purpose: To investigate the effect implant placement depth has on the accuracy of digital implant impressions using an intraoral scanner.

Materials & Methods: A partially edentulous gypsum master model was fabricated to allow the positioning of a single implant analog at different depths. Four groups based on the planned implant depths of 0, 3, 6 and 7mm and corresponding visibility of …

Accuracy Of Implant Placement Utilizing Stereolithographic Guides Printed With And Without Cross-Arch Stabilization Struts, Caitlin Libby Dds

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of implant placement using stereolithographic guides printed with and without stabilization struts by comparing the post-operative position to the planned implant position.

Methods: A pre-operative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of a drillable maxillary model was obtained and data was uploaded into coDiagnostiX for preoperative planning. The implant position was planned in an edentulous space of #5 using a 3.3x10mm Bone Level Tapered (BLT) implant (Straumann). Ten surgical guides were designed utilizing a stabilization strut (Group A), while ten guides were designed without the stabilization strut (Group B). Twenty guides …

An In Vitro Comparison Of Shear Bond Strength Between Two Orthodontic Light-Curable Adhesive Pastes, Stephanie Becker

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background and Objectives: A relatively new light-cure orthodontic adhesive BracePaste^® can fluoresce under UV light to assist in cleaning up excess flash after bonding. Complete removal of excess resins around the bonded brackets may minimize excessive loss of enamel upon debonding. The objective of this study was to determine the shear bond strength of BracePaste compared to that of the conventional “Transbond XT” adhesive. Additionally, enamel and bracket interfaces were examined to determine the location of bond failure and the tooth surfaces were visually examined to assess severity of enamel marks and the presence of remaining adhesives on the …

Effect Of Pad Design And Bracket Manufacturing Method On Bracket Bond Strength, Dustin Osborne

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Objective: The objective is to determine if there is a significant difference in shear bond strength and debonding characteristics between one-piece metal brackets made by metal injection molding (MIM) and multi-piece metal brackets made by machining then soldering/brazing with differing pad designs. Methods: A total of thirteen metal orthodontic brackets manufactured by 8 different companies were divided into two groups: one-piece MIM and multi-piece brackets. Each group consisted of 10 brackets for a total of 130 brackets. Brackets were bonded to stainless steel tubes with a universal bonding technique. Samples were tested on the universal Instron testing machine to measure …

Current Trends In The Management Of Endodontic Emergencies, Asmi Shah

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Introduction: The management of endodontic emergencies has changed over the last few decades and varies from practice to practice. This is due to the development of new materials, new irrigation techniques, and new evidence-based research which supports clinical success. An updated questionnaire is necessary to further advance the clinical knowledge in endodontic emergencies based on current practices. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the difference practice modalities between members who are board certified, who are not board certified, and endodontic graduate residents.

Materials and Methods: In 2021, every member of the American Association of Endodontics …

West Virginia Dentists' Perception Of The Knowledge And Skills Of Two Vs. Four Year Dental Hygiene Graduates, Kaitlyn M. Mcquain

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The entry level for the dental hygiene profession has, historically been an associate degree. In 2016 the American Dental Hygiene Association (ADHA) approved the Bachelor’s Degree level of education as the preferred for entry level degree. This study is to determine practicing West Virginia dentists preference for the education level of their entry-level dental hygiene employees. There were 1020 surveys electronically distributed to practicing WV dentists to obtain their opinions and preferences. WVU Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) was used to determine response percentages and Chi-square statistics were used to compare 2017 to 2019 response rates. Between 2016-2017 and 2018-2019, …

Retrospective Evaluation Of The Changes In The Nasal And Pharyngeal Airway Volume After Miniscrew Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (Marpe) Appliance, Joanna Song

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background and Objectives: A transverse deficiency of the maxilla is a pervasive skeletal problem that can affect almost a quarter of the primary dentition population. The interesting relationship between rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and its effects on the surrounding airway is not well described in the literature. For today’s contemporary orthodontist, there are a variety of rapid palatal expanders (RPE) and expansion protocols to prescribe for patient treatment. Of late, the miniscrew-assisted RPE (MARPE) has been receiving attention by clinicians because of its increased orthopedic effects when compared to conventional RPE while avoiding the surgical procedure needed with SARPE. …

Tobacco Cessation In A Dental School Setting, Kerri T. Simpson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Introduction

Tobacco use remains the single largest preventable cause of death in the United States. Currently, the prevalence of tobacco use is 20.7% in adults (≥18 years old) and 31.2% among high school students. According to various studies, over 60% of Americans want to quit tobacco, but it takes a person several attempts to quit before they are successful. There is limited data in the literature that discusses the effectiveness of tobacco cessation programs in US dental schools. Therefore, information on the effectiveness of a tobacco cessation program in a dental school setting could benefit this state and the problem …

Clear Aligner Therapy Vs. Traditional Brackets On Smile Arc, Sarah Elizabeth Larue

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background and Objectives: More so than ever, the public is becoming exceedingly aware of esthetics, and will evaluate their treatment outcome based upon the improvement to their smile and overall enhancement of their facial appearance. Smile arc is considered to be a key component of facial esthetics. Literature has demonstrated that orthodontic treatment mechanics utilizing traditional brackets and wires can cause flattening of the smile arc and that smiles with flatter arcs are judged to be less attractive. The aim of this study was to determine whether clear aligner therapy can help to preserve or improve the smile arc …

Wv Dental Hygienists' Knowledge And Educational Approach For Pregnant Women, Isabella Hope Mcdaniel

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background: Adverse pregnancy outcomes have become a concern for dental professionals caring for pregnant women with poor oral health. Pregnant women may not be aware of their increased risk of bacterial infections in their oral tissues and how it could relate to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as pre- term birth (PTB) and low birthweight babies (LBW). Dental healthcare professionals need to be well informed of risk related to poor oral health and have confidence to effectively educate pregnant women. PTB and LBW babies account for 1 million infant deaths annually. It is the responsibility of dental healthcare professionals to be …

Fracture Resistance Of Simulated External Cervical Resorption In Anterior Teeth Restored With And Without A Fiber Post., Michelle M. Romeo

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Introduction: External cervical resorption (ECR) is a destructive type of external resorption that can be difficult to treat. ECR usually begins subgingival at the cementoenamel junction of teeth and continues apically and circumferentially. This substantial loss of tooth structure may make these teeth more prone to fracture and should be addressed when treatment planning teeth with ECR. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of treated and non-treated teeth with simulated ECR using two different treatment modalities.

Materials and Methods: Forty-eight extracted human permanent mandibular central incisors were selected. Teeth were randomly divided into …

The Pattern Of Odontogenic Referred Pain, James J. Poulos

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background: Referred odontogenic pain (RP) is a phenomenon that is seen regularly in dentistry and it is not extensively understood. It can make formulating a proper diagnosis difficult and its presence can lead to inappropriate treatment.

Methods: 250 patients experiencing odontogenic pain within the dental clinics of West Virginia University were surveyed. The survey inquired about the patient’s biographical information, medical history, characteristics of the pain, the presence and location of RP, and the psychosocial effects of the pain. Additionally, the endodontic diagnosis of the offending tooth was determined by a member of the endodontic department. The collected …

Comparison Of Skeletal And Dentoalveolar Changes Between Two Bone-Borne Maxillary Expanders, Mohamad Sarraj

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Introduction: Bone-borne maxillary expander (BBME) are designed to provide additional anchorage to widen the maxillary arch for patients who exhibit maxillary transverse deficiency. One form of BBME is the hybrid BBME which uses mini-implants (bone-borne) and posterior teeth (tooth-borne) as anchorage for maxillary expansion. The other form of BBME is absolute BBME which only uses mini-implants as anchorage. It is not clear in the literature if there is a difference in skeletal and dental changes with these two types of expanders. The objective of this study was to compare the skeletal, dentoalveolar, and periodontal changes between the hybrid and the …

The Visual And Spectrophotometric Effect Of External Bleaching On Omnichroma Resin Composite And Natural Teeth, Michael Brian Evans

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Objective: To determine the visual and spectrophotometric effect external tooth bleaching has on natural tooth structure and OMNiCHROMA composite at various number of treatments. Variables were compared to determine if there is a detectable difference between the composite and the tooth before and after bleaching.

Methods: Preparation and restoration of 25 previously extracted teeth was completed. OMNiCHROMA composite was used. Each tooth was measured visually with a VITA shade guide and a colorimeter. Measurements were recorded before bleaching, after 5 and 10 treatments. Statistical analysis was completed and ΔE values between the composite and tooth were compared between the 3 …

Root Coverage Predictability In The Treatment Of Gingival Recessions On Mandibular And Anterior Teeth, Michele Agusto

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Introduction. Mandibular anterior teeth are most frequently affected by gingival recessions. However, data regarding mucogingival treatment aimed at root coverage in this specific location is limited.

Aim. To systematically review the literature addressing the focused question: “What is the effectiveness, efficacy and efficiency of different surgical approaches on clinical and patient-related outcomes in the treatment of buccal gingival recessions on mandibular anterior teeth?”

Material methods. Electronic (Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane databases) and hand literature searches were performed for studies including at least one arm involving the use of pedicle flaps and/or free soft tissue grafts in the …

Accuracy Of Blx And Blt Guided Implants In The Edentulous Maxilla: An In Vivo Study, Benjamin Andrew Kordusky

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Objectives: To determine the accuracy of dental implants placed using a dual scan CBCT protocol with a SLA 3D printed mucosa supported surgical guide using a flapless surgical approach with regard to sleeve position, type of implant, and regional location in the maxillary arch.

Methods: Nine patients received 4 dental implants utilizing a fully guided, flapless approach with a mucosa supported SLA surgical guide with 3 fixation pins. Implants were immediately loaded using an attachment placed in an existing Maxillary complete denture. Accuracy of implant positions were evaluated by the Treatment Evaluation module of coDiagnostiX (DentalWings, Montreal, Canada). Statistical analysis …

Dietary Quercetin And Kaempferol: Bioavailability And Potential Cardiovascular-Related Bioactivity In Humans, Wijdan M. Dabeek, Melissa Ventura Marra

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Fruit and vegetable intake has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Quercetin and kaempferol are among the most ubiquitous polyphenols in fruit and vegetables. Most of the quercetin and kaempferol in plants is attached to sugar moieties rather than in the free form. The types and attachments of sugars impact bioavailability, and thus bioactivity. This article aims to review the current literature on the bioavailability of quercetin and kaempferol from food sources and evaluate the potential cardiovascular effects in humans. Foods with the highest concentrations of quercetin and kaempferol in plants are not necessarily the most bioavailable …

Early Class Iii Treatment Decision-Making, Peter Ngan, David Musich

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Clinicians make decisions for their patients everyday. Ryan Hamilton, in his course guidebook, How You Decide: The Science of Human Decision Making, summarized the current research on the 4 R's of decision-making that matter: reference points, reasons, resources, and replacement. The authors will apply this principle in the decision- making necessary for the growing Class III patients. First, the decision on whether to treat or not to treat Class III patients in the mixed dentition rely on a thorough diagnosis and objectives for early treatment. For example, elimination of a functional shift of the mandible may be a good …

Clinical And Microbiologic Investigation Of An Expedited Peri-Implantitis Dog Model: An Animal Study, Wook Jin Seong, Georgios Kotsakis, Jong-Ki Huh, Soo Cheol Jeong, Ki Young Nam, Jong Ryul Kim, Young Cheul Heo, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Lei Zhang, Michael D. Evans, Heather Conrad, Robert J. Schumacher

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: Animal studies are pivotal in allowing experimentation to identify efficacious treatment protocols for resolution of peri-implantitis. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize an expedited dog peri-implantitis model clinically, radiographically, and microbiologically. Methods: Eight hound dogs underwent extractions (week 0) and implant (3.3 × 8.5 mm) placement with simultaneous surgical defect creation and ligature placement for induction of peri-implantitis (week 10). Ligatures were replaced at 6 weeks (week 16) and removed after 9 weeks (week 19) when supporting bone loss involved approximately 50% of the peri-implant bone. Microbial samples from the defects and healthy control implant sites collected …

Pilot Gwas Of Caries In African-Americans Shows Genetic Heterogeneity, E. Orlova, J. C. Carlson, M. K. Lee, E. Feingold, D. W. Mcneil, R. J. Crout, R. J. Weyant, M. L. Marazita, J. R. Shaffer

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

Dental caries is the most common chronic disease in the US and disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minorities. Caries is heritable, and though genetic heterogeneity exists between ancestries for a substantial portion of loci associated with complex disease, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of caries specifically in African Americans has not been performed previously.

Methods

We performed exploratory GWAS of dental caries in 109 African American adults (age > 18) and 96 children (age 3–12) from the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia (COHRA1 cohort). Caries phenotypes (DMFS, DMFT, dft, and dfs indices) assessed by dental exams were tested for association …

Effect Of Shear Bond Strength With Novel Apc™ Flash-Free Brackets And Different Bonding Protocol: An In Vitro Study, Carl Bernstein

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background and Objectives: In today’s time, there is an increasingly crowded field of competition vying over a small subset of the population. Now, more than ever it is imperative to compete with efficiency and esthetics. Each step for orthodontic bonding procedures increases the chance for error to occur. However, orthodontic bracket, etchant, sealant, and adhesive material has the ability to improve bond strength and final outcome for the patient and provider. The aim of this study was to determine effective bonding protocols for Advanced Clarity APC™ Flash-Free Brackets and to determine if adhesive remains on enamel or orthodontic bracket after …

Impact On The Pharyngeal Airway Space After Maxillomandibular Advancement Procedure For Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients, Ghaddy Alsaty

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background and Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder, characterized by disrupted snoring and repetitive upper airway obstructions. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is considered the therapeutic mainstay for OSA patients. However, CPAP therapy has compliance limitations. An alternative treatment options is maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) surgical procedure. Genial tubercle advancement (GTA) is often performed concomitant with MMA for esthetic purposes. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides the ability to visualize the upper airway and perform three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of MMA procedure with or without GTA on oropharyngeal …

Judged Facial Attractiveness Of Extraction And Non-Extraction Orthodontic Treatment In Repose And Smiling, Nicolette R. Chahin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background and Objectives: More so than ever, the public is becoming exceedingly aware of esthetics, and will evaluate their treatment outcome based upon the improvement to their smile and overall enhancement of their facial appearance. There exists a debate in orthodontics, as to whether or not extractions harm the profile. The aim of this study was to determine if facial attractiveness is harmed in subjects having completed orthodontic treatment involving the extraction of four premolars both in repose and smiling when viewed in lateral profile. Another objective is to identify any impact upper incisor retraction has on facial attractiveness. …

The Effect Of Occlusal Pressure On Vertical Force Generation On Dentate And Edentulous Subjects, Matthew Thomas Harper

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Objectives: To determine 1) the difference in lower extremity power obtained from a vertical jump in individuals who are dentate or edentulous (implants or dentures) and 2) the difference occlusal pressure makes on lower body force output. Variables included jump height, maximum kicking force, maximum push off force, take off velocity, flight time, jump impulse, and maximum velocity. Groups included dentate, implant overdenture, and conventional denture.

Methods: Counter movement jumping with force plate collection was utilized to test the three populations in this study. The three populations were dentate, mandibular implant overdenture opposing maxillary complete denture, and conventional maxillary and …

Pain Relief Knowledge, History, And Expectations Among Emergency Dental Patients, Daniel C. Brawley

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Introduction

Dentists frequently treat and manage patients with acute dental pain. Patients often seek care to treat their pain. As a part of that treatment, it is common for providers to use both prescription and non-prescription medications in the management of the patient’s dental pain. This study focused on understanding the patient’s knowledge, history and expectations regarding prescription and non-prescription medication in the management of their dental pain.

Methods

A self-report survey was developed, using Likert-type scales, consisting of 32 items, including standardized, psychometrically-tested instruments. The survey was administered to 108 adult outpatients who reported to the West Virginia University …

Assessment Of Fracture Resistance Of Maxillary First Molars After Root Canal Preparation Using Three Different Rotary Instruments (V-Taper, Protaper, Vortex Blue): Finite Element Analysis, Mehran Malakpour

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Introduction: Long term success of endodontically treated teeth has been one of the most challenging aspects of the field of endodontics due to reduced fracture resistance of these teeth. Recently, researchers have heightened focus on conservative endodontics in order to sustain the tooth integrity, and reduce factors impacting the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. As a result, rotary instrument manufacturers have developed files that have a minimal effect on original root canal anatomy. This study used Finite Element Analysis to investigate the dental biomechanical effect of rotary instrumentation during root canal therapy. The aim of this study is to …