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Articles 301 - 330 of 838
Full-Text Articles in Dentistry
Effectiveness Of Visual Aids On Preventive Dental Goals, Kristin Hodgson
Effectiveness Of Visual Aids On Preventive Dental Goals, Kristin Hodgson
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: To assess a caregiver’s oral health attitudes, habits, and behaviors pre and post intervention, and to determine whether a particular delivery-style (verbal-only or with visual supplementation) of a motivational interviewing session is more effective in improving oral health behaviors as well as improving success of a chosen preventive goal. Methods: N=140 caregivers of pediatric dental patients were given questionnaires to assess readiness to change and current preventive oral health behaviors. Oral health education was communicated in a MI style (verbal-only or with visual supplementation). One preventive oral health goal was selected to focus on. The home preventive behavior survey …
A Comparison Of Rectangular Vs. Circular Radiographic Collimation During Simulated Endodontic Therapy, Tareq Alali
A Comparison Of Rectangular Vs. Circular Radiographic Collimation During Simulated Endodontic Therapy, Tareq Alali
Theses and Dissertations
Rectangular collimation is used in dentistry to reduce radiation by restricting the x-ray beam to approximately the size of a number 2 intraoral film (3.2X4.1 cm). However, this restricted beam size can lead to exposure errors. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the number of radiographs exposed and the presence of technical errors by the use of traditional circular or rectangular collimators during endodontic therapy on simulated teeth in manikins. A total of 1475 digital radiographs of 84 teeth exposed by 60 dental students were evaluated. Evaluation was done by a board certified endodontist, an endodontic resident, …
Accuracy Of Limited Field Cone Beam Computed Tomography In The Detection Of Buccal Cortical Plate Perforations Due To Periapical Lesions, Dan-Linh Ha
Theses and Dissertations
Pre-surgical planning for endodontic microsurgery is facilitated by the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The purpose of this study was to determine whether limited field CBCT accurately predicts buccal cortical plate perforations due to endodontic lesions. Thirty-five roots that underwent microsurgical root end resection were included in this study. Prior to the surgery, 90 voxel CBCTs were taken with a Carestream 9300. The scans were analyzed by an endodontic resident and oral radiologist to determine the presence of a perforation in the buccal plate. These findings were compared to the clinical appearance of the bone. There was a …
Microbial Evaluation Of The Calamus Heated Gutta-Percha Delivery System, Christopher Smart Dds
Microbial Evaluation Of The Calamus Heated Gutta-Percha Delivery System, Christopher Smart Dds
Theses and Dissertations
If gutta-percha cartridges are contaminated with bacteria prior to obturation then contamination of the root canal system may result. Successful treatment not only depends on bacterial elimination but also depends on prevention of recontamination. This study was motivated by the observation that endodontists frequently use single use gutta-percha cartridges on multiple patients. The goal of this study was to determine if cross contamination occurred when a single gutta-percha cartridge in the Calamus™ Flow System was used on multiple patients. An effective recovery method was established during a pilot study using Enterococcus faecalis as a sample bacterium. Microbial recovery was obtained …
Comparative Analysis Of Waveone And Lightspeed Lsx For The Residual Dentin Thickness Of The Bifurcated Maxillary First Premolar Buccal Root Utilizing Limited Field Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Manpreet Singh Sarao
Comparative Analysis Of Waveone And Lightspeed Lsx For The Residual Dentin Thickness Of The Bifurcated Maxillary First Premolar Buccal Root Utilizing Limited Field Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Manpreet Singh Sarao
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to compare the thickness of dentin removed from the buccal root of bifurcated maxillary first premolars (BMFP) in the area of furcation groove after instrumentation with WaveOne and LightSpeed LSX files utilizing limited field cone beam computerized tomography. All data was analyzed using repeated-measured mixed-model ANOVA and differences were described using Tukey’s multiple comparison procedure. The thickness of dentin removed with LightSpeed LSX files (0.1 mm) was significantly less than the thickness of dentin removed with WaveOne files (0.2 mm). To conclude, LSX files remove a more predictable and consistent thickness of dentin from …
The Impact Of Medicaid Reform On Dental Practice Setting, Barrett W. R. Peters
The Impact Of Medicaid Reform On Dental Practice Setting, Barrett W. R. Peters
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: To assess the impact of dental Medicaid reform in Virginia on dental practice settings (private practice, corporate practice and safety net clinics). Methods: This retrospective cohort study of 16.2 million dental claims is from the Virginia Department of Medical Assistance Services, which included claims for providers participating in Virginia’s Medicaid program during a 10-year period (2002-2012). The dividing date for the reform was July 1, 2005. The outcome measure was mean claims per participating provider. A Poisson regression model was used to predict the mean number of claims per provider with the following predictors: reform period, practice setting, provider …
Comparison Of Oral Ketamine-Midazolam And Chloral Hydrate-Meperidine-Hydroxyzine Sedation Regimens In Pediatric Dentistry, David Merrell
Comparison Of Oral Ketamine-Midazolam And Chloral Hydrate-Meperidine-Hydroxyzine Sedation Regimens In Pediatric Dentistry, David Merrell
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to create an experimental design to compare the regimen of ketamine-midazolam to chloral hydrate-meperidine-hydroxyzine for moderate oral conscious sedation. Methods: Patients between 36 and 83 months of age have been randomly assigned to receive 1 of the 2 regimens. Dosages, times, and vital signs will be recorded. Procedures will be recorded on video for assessment of sedation level and behavior. Patients will be contacted to evaluate postoperative sleeping, discomfort, and amnesia. Data will be analyzed using two-group t-tests (TOST) of equivalence in means to compare the two groups across the study period. Results: …
Three-Dimensional Soft Tissue Changes Upon Smiling, Clayton Mcentire
Three-Dimensional Soft Tissue Changes Upon Smiling, Clayton Mcentire
Theses and Dissertations
As esthetic improvement continues to be a primary goal of orthodontic patients and practitioners, it is important to understand the soft tissue movements that occur during the transition from rest to smile. Advances in technology allow capture of 3-dimesional photographs. The purpose of this study was to quantify the soft tissue changes that occur upon smiling and to compare changes between males and females using 3-dimensional photography. Fifty-four participants had resting and smiling photographs taken with the 3dMDface camera system. The two images were registered on stable facial surfaces, landmarks were placed, and measurements were recorded. Three-dimensional changes occurred in …
Service-Learning Programs Impact On Dental Students' Confidence In Treating Pediatric Population, Bushra Bhatti
Service-Learning Programs Impact On Dental Students' Confidence In Treating Pediatric Population, Bushra Bhatti
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: In 2011, Clinical Service-Learning (DENS 762) became a formal university-designated course required to all senior dental students at VCU School of Dentistry. The interest of this study was to measure students' experience in treating pediatric patients and to determine the effect the course had on students' self-perceived confidence in treating the pediatric population. Methods: This was an observational study of the VCU class of 2012 who were enrolled in the clinical service-learning class. Following their service-learning rotations, fourth-year dental students were surveyed about their experiences on their service-learning rotation. Out of 105 students, 76 completed the survey. Results: The …
Comparison Of Injection Discomfort And Anesthetic Duration Of Plain Polocaine Versus Epinephrine Containing Articaine And Lidocaine, Dana Doan
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: To determine possible differences in the pain level and soft tissue anesthesia duration of plain polocaine versus epinephrine-containing articaine and lidocaine during intraoral injections. Methods: Forty-eight subjects received plain polocaine and one epinephrine-containing anesthetic. Injections were randomized according to the first injection a)left or right buccal sulcus and b)epinephrine or not. The second injections were the opposite conditions. Subjects then recorded discomfort on a VAS and the time anesthesia wore off. Result: The second injection’s pain rating was influenced by the first. This carry-over effect makes it impossible to analyze all of the data. An analysis of the first …
Microbial Dna Receptor Expression In Chronic Periodontitis, Stephanie Voth
Microbial Dna Receptor Expression In Chronic Periodontitis, Stephanie Voth
Theses and Dissertations
AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the expression of microbial nucleic acid receptors including Toll like receptor 9 “TLR-9”, DNA-dependent activator of interferon-regulatory factors “DAI” and absent in melanoma “AIM-2” in chronic periodontitis (P) versus healthy (H) tissues. METHODS: 33 chronic periodontitis (P) and 27 periodontally-healthy (H) gingival biopsies were included. The gene and protein expression for each receptor was determined using real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Our results revealed statistically significant up-regulation of TLR-9 (p<0.006) and DAI (p<0.001) gene expression in P tissues compared to H sites. We were also able to demonstrate significant correlation among three DNA receptors (p<0.05). Immunohistochemistry further confirmed the expression of DNA sensors in gingival tissues. CONCLUSION: This study highlights a possible role for nucleic acid sensing in periodontal inflammation. Further investigations will determine whether cytoplasmic receptors and their ligands can be targeted to improve clinical outcomes in periodontitis.
Influence Of Facial Profile On Social Perceptions: A 3d Video Imaging Study., Lisa Babb
Influence Of Facial Profile On Social Perceptions: A 3d Video Imaging Study., Lisa Babb
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of facial convexity on the perception of social attributes in a young adult population. Nine models were asked to pose for a 3 dimensional photograph that was then modified to represent ideal, retrognathic, and prognathic facial convexity angles. Survey evaluators were shown digital videos of models with ideal and non-ideal profiles and asked to rate their perception of the following 4 social attributes: intelligence, athleticism, popularity, and leadership ability using a visual analog scale. Results gathered from 271 evaluators showed that the model images with ideal facial convexity angles were …
Attire And Appearance Of Orthodontists: A Survey Of Parent Preferences, Gillian Kelly
Attire And Appearance Of Orthodontists: A Survey Of Parent Preferences, Gillian Kelly
Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this study was to evaluate parents’ preferences of the appearance and attire of orthodontists. Six subjects were asked to pose for photographs wearing various combinations of attire (casual, scrubs, white coat, formal), hairstyle and nametag. Survey participants were presented with choice sets and asked to select the most and least preferred provider photographs. A total of 77 parents of orthodontic patients participated in the computer-based survey. The results indicated that there were significant differences due to provider sex (P = 0.0013), provider age (P < .0001), dress (P < .0001), nametag (P = 0.0065) and hair (P < .0001). The most preferred providers were the younger female and the older male. Formal attire or scrubs was the most preferred style of dress. There was also a preference for the use of a nametag and for the provider to have his/her hair in a controlled style.
The Influence Of Active Reminders On Oral Hygiene Compliance In Orthodontic Patients, Matthew Eppright
The Influence Of Active Reminders On Oral Hygiene Compliance In Orthodontic Patients, Matthew Eppright
Theses and Dissertations
Text message reminders have proven effective for positive behavioral changes in medicine, but their influence on oral hygiene compliance has never been tested. This study aimed to determine if text message reminders about oral hygiene have an influence on the level of compliance. In this prospective randomized controlled clinical trial, 42 orthodontic patients were assigned to a text message or control group. Parents of patients assigned to the text message group received a reminder text message one weekday each week. Oral hygiene compliance was measured using bleeding index, modified gingival index, plaque index, and visual examination of white spot lesion …
Paclitaxel-Induced Apoptosis Is Bak-Dependent, But Bax And Bim-Independent In Breast Tumor, Anna V. Miller, Mark A. Hicks, Wataru Nakajima, Amanda C. Richardson, Jolene J. Windle, Hisashi Harada
Paclitaxel-Induced Apoptosis Is Bak-Dependent, But Bax And Bim-Independent In Breast Tumor, Anna V. Miller, Mark A. Hicks, Wataru Nakajima, Amanda C. Richardson, Jolene J. Windle, Hisashi Harada
Philips Institute for Oral Health Research Publications
Paclitaxel (Taxol)-induced cell death requires the intrinsic cell death pathway, but the specific participants and the precise mechanisms are poorly understood. Previous studies indicate that a BH3-only protein BIM (BCL-2 Interacting Mediator of cell death) plays a role in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. We show here that BIM is dispensable in apoptosis with paclitaxel treatment using bim−/− MEFs (mouse embryonic fibroblasts), the bim−/− mouse breast tumor model, and shRNA-mediated down-regulation of BIM in human breast cancer cells. In contrast, both bak−/− MEFs and human breast cancer cells in which BAK was down-regulated by shRNA were more resistant to paclitaxel. However, paclitaxel …
Two-Component System Response Regulators Involved In Virulence Of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Tigr4 In Infective Endocarditis, My Trihn, Xiuchun Ge, Alleson Dobson, Todd Kitten, Cindy Munro, Ping Xu
Two-Component System Response Regulators Involved In Virulence Of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Tigr4 In Infective Endocarditis, My Trihn, Xiuchun Ge, Alleson Dobson, Todd Kitten, Cindy Munro, Ping Xu
Philips Institute for Oral Health Research Publications
Streptococci resident in the oral cavity have been linked to infective endocarditis (IE). While other viridans streptococci are commonly studied in relation to IE, less research has been focused on Streptococcus pneumoniae. We established for the first time an animal model of S. pneumoniae IE, and examined the virulence of the TIGR4 strain in this model. We hypothesized that two-component systems (TCS) may mediate S. pneumoniae TIGR4 strain virulence in IE and examined TCS response regulator (RR) mutants of TIGR4 in vivo with the IE model. Thirteen of the 14 RR protein genes were mutagenized, excluding only the essential …
Development, Disease, And Regeneration Of Tissues In The Dental-Craniofacial Complex, Brian L. Foster, Yong-Hee P. Chun, Erica L. Scheller, Zhao Lin, Chad M. Novince, Avina Paranjpe
Development, Disease, And Regeneration Of Tissues In The Dental-Craniofacial Complex, Brian L. Foster, Yong-Hee P. Chun, Erica L. Scheller, Zhao Lin, Chad M. Novince, Avina Paranjpe
Periodontics Publications
This article has no abstract.
Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 90, No. 2, 2013)
Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 90, No. 2, 2013)
Virginia Dental Journal
No abstract provided.
Relationship Between Untreated Dental Caries And Weight And Height Of 6- To 12-Year-Old Primary School Children In Bangladesh, Masuma Pervin Mishu, Martin Hobdell, Mahfujul Haq Khan, Richard M. Hubbard, Wael Sabbah
Relationship Between Untreated Dental Caries And Weight And Height Of 6- To 12-Year-Old Primary School Children In Bangladesh, Masuma Pervin Mishu, Martin Hobdell, Mahfujul Haq Khan, Richard M. Hubbard, Wael Sabbah
Dental Public Health and Policy Publications
Background. Children in low-income developing countries are likely to suffer from undergrowth. Dental caries is another common problem in these countries. Aim. To examine the association between untreated dental caries in primary and permanent teeth with age-adjusted height and weight among 6–12-year-old children in Bangladesh. Design. Social, behavioural, and clinical data were collected from 1699 children in nine different randomly selected primary schools in socially deprived areas of Bangladesh. The associations of age-adjusted weight and height and being underweight with dental caries were examined adjusting for sex, area of residence, socioeconomic position, skipping meals, tooth cleaning, and …
Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 90, No. 3, 2013)
Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 90, No. 3, 2013)
Virginia Dental Journal
No abstract provided.
Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 90, No. 4, 2013)
Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 90, No. 4, 2013)
Virginia Dental Journal
No abstract provided.
Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 90, No. 1, 2013)
Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 90, No. 1, 2013)
Virginia Dental Journal
No abstract provided.
Periodontal Resident Self-Assessment Of Ergonomics Before And After Videotaped Surgeries, Corin Marantz
Periodontal Resident Self-Assessment Of Ergonomics Before And After Videotaped Surgeries, Corin Marantz
Theses and Dissertations
Objective: To examine whether self-assessment of videotaped surgeries helps improve periodontal residents’ ergonomics. Methods: Residents (n=8) provided self-assessments of their own ergonomics while performing periodontal surgery using a questionnaire with open and closed items. Results were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative means. Results: Comparison of responses resulted in a change between Pre-video Surgery 1 and PSV1 (p<0.05) and between the three occasions for flat foot and horizontal shoulder positions (p<0.05). Resident goals were most numerous for improving positions of shoulder, back and neck and most notable responses for failure to achieve goals were the need for surgical access and being too focused the procedure. Conclusions: Videotape review is a valid means of self-assessment. Intervention solely in the form of a questionnaire and videotape review was insufficient in its ability to change the residents’ ergonomics. Barriers to implementation of proper ergonomics were identified.
Comparison Of Root Canal Irrigation Systems In Reducing Intracanal Microorganisms Using Saline-An In Vitro Study, Pranav Desai
Comparison Of Root Canal Irrigation Systems In Reducing Intracanal Microorganisms Using Saline-An In Vitro Study, Pranav Desai
Theses and Dissertations
Mechanical and chemical debridement plays an important role in reducing intracanal microorganisms. Effective root canal irrigation depends on both the root canal irrigant and irrigation system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the debridement efficiency of four root canal irrigation systems, Endovac®, PiezoFlow™, EndoActivator® and traditional needle irrigation using saline as an irrigant. Seventy-five, single canal, extracted, mature teeth were selected. Teeth were standardized to canal lengths of 15 mm and instrumented to Master Apical File size #40 with 4% taper. Teeth were mounted in a centrifuge tube using PVS impression material. Teeth were randomly divided into four …
Perceived Social Attributes Of College Students With Ideal Versus Non-Ideal Dental Esthetics Judged By Peers., David Jones
Perceived Social Attributes Of College Students With Ideal Versus Non-Ideal Dental Esthetics Judged By Peers., David Jones
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of dentofacial appearance on perceived social attributes of college-aged adult males and females as judged by their peers. Specifically, the objective was to determine if ideal smile esthetics positively influenced this age group’s perception of opposite-sex peers based on ratings of the following psychosocial characteristics: attractiveness, desire to spend time with, desire to date, and desire for a long-term relationship. Evaluators were shown digital photographs of subjects with ideal and nonideal smiles and asked to rate those 4 attributes using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The subjects’ photographs with ideal …
Compliance-Free Class Ii Correction And Its Relationship To Vertical Facial Characteristics, Michael Shoff
Compliance-Free Class Ii Correction And Its Relationship To Vertical Facial Characteristics, Michael Shoff
Theses and Dissertations
Background: While efficacy of the Forsus appliance has been shown, there are disagreements on its mechanism for Class II correction. Class II studies have been criticized for ignoring potential differences in results based on differing vertical facial phenotypes. The purpose of this study was to better understand the effects of Class II correction using the Forsus appliance and relate changes during and at the completion of treatment to initial MP-SN angles. Materials and Methods: Records of 59 patients obtained at 4 different time points were examined retrospectively. ANOVA was used to describe the cephalometric changes and Pearson’s correlation tested for …
Mandibular Symphyseal Distraction Osteogenesis (Msdo): Association With Temporomandibular Dysfunction (Tmd) Symptoms, Sheldon Bates
Mandibular Symphyseal Distraction Osteogenesis (Msdo): Association With Temporomandibular Dysfunction (Tmd) Symptoms, Sheldon Bates
Theses and Dissertations
Background: Transverse mandibular discrepancies are often overlooked during orthodontic treatment. MSDO is a treatment to address this issue, but much debate exists over the long-term implications on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Few studies have sample sizes sufficient to draw clear conclusions about the impact of MSDO on TMJ health. Materials and Methods: This study evaluated private practice records including 49 MSDO patients and 57 traditionally-treated controls. The subjects were assessed by TMD exams that evaluated jaw pain and discomfort using visual analog scales, range of motion for opening, right and left lateral, and protrusive movements, and the presence of clenching, …
The Impact Of Maternal Influences On Early Childhood Dental Caries, Rana Graham-Montaque
The Impact Of Maternal Influences On Early Childhood Dental Caries, Rana Graham-Montaque
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the maternal influences on the development of infant oral biofilm and early childhood dental caries. Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional design to evaluate factors influencing biofilm colonization and the identification of bacterial strains present in mother and child by utilizing oral health literacy surveys, clinical examinations, and plaque samples. Participants were enrolled in the Children’s Health Involving Parents of Greater Richmond (CHIP). Plaque samples and dental disease levels were collected from mother and children ages six months to thirty-six months. Oral Health Literacy was compared to both mother and child’s …
Parental Understanding Of Anesthesia Risk For Dental Treatment, Andrew Zale
Parental Understanding Of Anesthesia Risk For Dental Treatment, Andrew Zale
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: To determine which method of anesthesia risk presentation parents understand and prefer across their demographic variables Methods: As a cross-sectional study, questionnaires were distributed to 50 parents of patients (<7 years of age) in the VCU Pediatric Dental Clinic. Parents were asked of their own and their children’s demographics, previous dental and anesthesia experiences, and anesthesia understanding. Parents were then asked to rate the level of risk of several risk presentations and finally asked which method of risk presentation they most understood or preferred. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, likelihood chi square tests, and repeated measures logistic regression. Results: There was no evidence of a differential preference due to gender (P = 0.28), age (P > .9), education (P = 0.39) or whether they incorrectly answered any risk question (P > 0.7). There was some evidence that the three types were not equally preferred (likelihood ratio chi- square = 5.31, df =2, P-value = 0.0703). The best estimate is that 60% prefer charts, 34% prefer numbers, and 36% prefer activity comparisons. There was a relationship between the average relative risk of general anesthesia and age (r …
The Effectiveness Of Visual Aids In Motivational Counseling On Oral Health Literacy, Christian Peck
The Effectiveness Of Visual Aids In Motivational Counseling On Oral Health Literacy, Christian Peck
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine if motivational interviewing with written/illustrated infant oral health education provided to caregivers of pediatric dental patients increases caregivers’ oral health literacy compared to verbal only motivational instruction. Methods: This is a cohort study of caregivers and their child receiving oral health anticipatory guidance utilizing motivational interviewing with and without visual aids. Caregivers (N=20) of pediatric dental patients age 0-4 that presented to the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry for a new patient exam were recruited for the study. Caregivers were randomly assigned into 2 groups: the intervention group (IG), and …