Dentistry Commons^™

Analysis Of Wind Instruments On Orofacial Anatomy: A Review Of Literature, Regina M. Dixon, Samantha Chavez

Dental Hygiene Student Scholarship

The focus of this review of literature is on orofacial anatomy and their association with the longevity of wind instrument use. The importance of how playing wind instruments creates a disadvantage for the oral cavity and therapeutic approaches to decrease the adverse effects. Using the university’s library database and PubMed, the authors performed a thorough search on the literature of our topic. Specific key terms such as wind instrumentalists, oral health, orofacial anatomy, and therapy were used to conduct our search. The searched was limited to the English language and within five years of publications. The findings acknowledged pathologically infectious …

The Effect Of Artificial Sweeteners In Chewing Gum, Helpful Or Harmful?, Taylor Rue, Emily Liebe

Dental Hygiene Student Scholarship

Objective/Aims: This review of literature was designed to analyze the effects of artificial sweeteners in chewing gum in the oral cavity. The intent was to recognize which formulations of artificial sweeteners in chewing gum lead to beneficial outcomes in the oral cavity and which formulations lead to harmful effects.

Methods: The review of literature analyzed the conclusions of primary and secondary resources accumulated from PubMed. Multiple scholarly studies were filtered based upon meta-analysis, cross-sectional, and cohort studies. The following key terms were used: artificial sweetener, chewing gum, plaque, saliva, microbes, and oral health. A summative report was created based upon …

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 96, No. 2, 2019)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 96, No. 4, 2019)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Use Of Emoji In Pain Level Assessment In Pediatric Dental Patients, Manpreet K. Dhillon

Theses and Dissertations

USE OF EMOJI IN PAIN LEVEL ASSESSMENT IN PEDIATRIC DENTAL PATIENTS

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of a pain scale with Emoji images in comparison to the commonly used Wong-Baker FACES® pain scale. Methods: Healthy, English-speaking patients aged 4-17 presenting to the VCU Pediatric Dental clinic and the operating room and presenting to the MCV Pediatric Emergency Room were asked to rate their pain using the Wong-Baker FACES® and Emoji scales. These patients were then asked to select which pain scale they preferred. Results: A total of 151 children were enrolled in the study. …

Comparison Of Triple Combination Oral Sedation Regimens For Pediatric Dental Treatment, Brett H. Henderson

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: Compare the efficacy of two benzodiazepines (diazepam or midazolam) in combination with meperidine and hydroxyzine for pediatric dental sedation. Methods: A randomized, double blind observation study of behaviors and outcomes related to two sedation groups. Frankl and Houpt behavior scores were recorded at three time points: injection time, initiation of treatment and at the end of treatment. Postoperative phone call surveys were conducted within eight hours of discharge to assess sleep, activity, and behavior. Results: A total of 40 sedation subjects were included in the study, of which 20 were treated with diazepam triple Combination (Di+M+H) and 20 with …

Antibiotics And Antimicrobial Resistance: An Evaluation Of The Knowledge, Attitude And Perception Among Dental Students And Academic Deans And Department Chairs Within U.S. Dental Schools, Magdalena S. Holz

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: This study aimed to survey current 3^rd and 4^th year dental students, academic deans, and department chairs within U.S. dental schools to analyze the level of understanding; education; guidelines; and overall awareness regarding antibiotic use within dentistry and antimicrobial resistance.

Methods: A 25-question survey intended for 3^rd and 4^th year dental students and a 20-question survey intended for academic deans and various department chairs of U.S dental schools were each developed utilizing REDCap. The survey invitations were sent via e-mail to the current academic dean of each U.S. dental school for distribution.

Results: There were …

Designing Biomimetic Implant Surfaces To Promote Osseointegration Under Osteoporotic Conditions By Revitalizing Mechanisms Coupling Bone Resorption To Formation, Ethan M. Lotz

Theses and Dissertations

In cases of compromised bone remodeling like osteoporosis, insufficient osseointegration occurs and results in implant failure. Implant retention relies on proper secondary fixation, which is developed during bone remodeling. This process is disrupted in metastatic bone diseases like osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is characterized low bone mass and bone strength resulting from either accelerated osteoclast-mediated bone resorption or impaired osteoblast-mediated bone formation. These two processes are not independent phenomena. In fact, osteoporosis can be viewed as a breakdown of the cellular communication connecting bone resorption to bone formation. Because bone remodeling occurs at temporally generated specific anatomical sites and at different times, …

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 96, No. 1, 2019)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Management Of The Open Apex Using A Bioceramic Apical Barrier: Success And Survival Rates At Virginia Commonwealth University, Adam Sarnowski

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of treatment of teeth with open apices managed by the orthograde placement of a bioceramic apical barrier as well as to identify potential outcome factors for this type of treatment. Methods: Patient records were pooled from graduate resident cases completed at Virginia Commonwealth University between January 1, 2010 and May 31, 2018. A total of 515 patients were identified using relevant ADA codes and a key word search within the patient record database. A total of 104 patients (119 teeth) had an open apex that had NSRCT utilizing a …

Perception Of Patient Cooperation Among Dentist, Guardian, And Child, Cole A. Staines Dds

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: Evaluate behavior assessment and agreement among dentist, guardian, and child. Evaluate child behavior by appointment type.

Methods: Patients recruited from the pediatric dental department at Virginia Commonwealth University for this convenience sample. Inclusion criteria: patients presenting for clinical exams and/or restorative treatment without the use of advanced behavior guidance between August 29, 2018, and March 7, 2019; ages 4-12-years-old; and scheduled with a single clinician. Appointments were stratified by difficulty. Behavior was assessed by dentist and caregiver using the Frankl Scale. Patient self-assessed cooperation using an age-appropriate modified Frankl Scale, developed for this study. Agreement assessed among the 3 …

Examination Of Strain-Dependent Differences In S. Sanguinis Virulence And Growth, Shannon Baker

Theses and Dissertations

Streptococcus sanguinis, an abundant and benign inhabitant of the oral cavity, is an important etiologic agent of infective endocarditis, particularly in people with pre-disposing cardiac valvular damage. Although commonly isolated from patients with IE, little is known about the factors that make any particular S. sanguinis isolate more virulent than another or, indeed, whether significant differences in virulence exist among isolates. To investigate the virulence of multiple isolates, a variation of the Bar-seq (barcode sequencing) method was employed. A conserved chromosomal site was identified for subsequent insertion of a barcode identifier, unique for each strain. Barcode insertion did not …

Impact On Bacterial Micro-Leakage In Exposed Root Canal Obturation Material In Teeth Irrigated With Different Solutions, Khalifa W. Alhaddad

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: Determine the timeframe of bacterial penetration that occurs to the apex when obturation material (gutta percha) is exposed to bacteria for a set period of time (45 days) and to determine if bacterial penetration of the obturated root is influenced by the type of irrigant used during the final rinse (17% EDTA vs 2% Chlorhexidine vs full strength 5.25% NaOCl). Methods: Thirty-six extracted teeth, including six controls, were instrumented and irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl followed by a final rinse of either: 17% EDTA, 2% Chlorhexidine, or 5.25% NaOCl, and then obturated. Each root was suspended between two chambers: the …

Comparison Of Patient Factors Influencing The Selection Of An Orthodontist, General Dentist, Or Direct-To-Consumer Aligners For Orthodontic Treatment, Jeffrey C. Olson

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: To evaluate the factors that influence potential orthodontic patients choosing between an orthodontist, general dentist, and direct-to-consumer (DTC) aligners for their treatment, and to determine the demand for each provider type.

Methods: An electronic survey was administered to 250 individuals among the general population of adults in the United States. Questions were designed to determine the respondent’s level of interest in pursuing orthodontic treatment with each provider type, evaluate their current level of knowledge concerning provider options, and identify factors influencing their selection. Pearson’s chi-squared test and ANOVA were used to evaluate the factors influencing patients in …

Evaluation And Comparison Of Periapical Healing Using Periapical Films And Cone Beam Computed Tomography: Post-Treatment Follow Up, Adam S. Polinsky

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the radiographic changes in periapical status and analysis of healing determined using periapical radiographs (PA) versus cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) pre-operatively and at 3-64 months following endodontic treatment.

Methods: Pre/post treatment radiograph and CBCT scans of patients who had NSRCT, NSReTx, or SRCT from July 2011-December 2018 at VCU Graduate Endodontic clinic were included in this study. Volumetric and linear measurements of periapical lesions on initial and recall PA and CBCT images were performed using three calibrated examiners. Changes and differences in the estimated area from PA to CBCT were …

Frictional Properties Of Novel Bracket Systems: An In-Vitro Study, Stephen M. Haverkos

Theses and Dissertations

Orthodontic brackets undergo resistance during sliding that includes classical friction, binding, and notching. Current bracket systems are hampered by these challenging forces. As a result, the clinician usually needs to apply additional forces to overcome the resistance which increases the risk of root resorption and discomfort for the patient. This study evaluated frictional properties of a novel bracket that had polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon™) coated rollers in its design. Five types of brackets (n = 10, each), including a passive self-ligating bracket, a traditional ligated bracket, a three-dimensionally printed direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) bracket with and without Teflon™ rollers, and computer …

Let’S Face It: The Effect Of Orthognathic Surgery On Facial Recognition Algorithm Analysis, Carolyn Bradford Dragon

Theses and Dissertations

Aim: To evaluate the ability of a publicly available facial recognition application program interface (API) to calculate similarity scores for pre- and post-surgical photographs of patients undergoing orthognathic surgeries. Our primary objective was to identify which surgical procedure(s) had the greatest effect(s) on similarity score.

Methods: Standard treatment progress photographs for 25 retrospectively identified, orthodontic-orthognathic patients were analyzed using the API to calculate similarity scores between the pre- and post-surgical photographs. Photographs from two pre-surgical timepoints were compared as controls. Both relaxed and smiling photographs were included in the study to assess for the added impact of facial pose on …

The Efficacy Of A Fluoride-Containing Orthodontic Primer In Preventing Demineralization, Alyssa G. Ricci

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a fluoride-containing orthodontic primer in preventing demineralization adjacent to brackets and compare the quality of enamel on tooth surfaces that received interproximal reduction (IPR).

Methods: Patients at the VCU Orthodontic clinic who consented to orthodontic treatment involving extraction of at least 2 premolars were recruited to this pilot clinical study. Brackets were bonded to premolars using one of two primers, fluoride-containing experimental or control. IPR was also performed, and the experimental primer was applied to randomly selected teeth. Extracted teeth were analyzed visually for the presence of white spot lesions (WSLs). Micro-CT analyses were …

The Effect Of Change In Medi-Cal Dental Coverage On Dental Care Utilization Among Medi-Cal Beneficiaries, Min H. Zhang

Theses and Dissertations

One of the most important factors in accessing dental care is having dental insurance. For people with low incomes, Medicaid is the main source of health insurance. Medi-Cal is California’s Medicaid program. Adult dental services were mostly eliminated in Medi-Cal in 2009 due to the economic downturn and partially restored in 2014. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of change in Medi-Cal dental coverage, specifically the partial restoration of adult dental coverage in 2014, on dental care utilization among Medi-Cal beneficiaries. The partial restoration significantly increased the utilization rates in dental clinics from 2014 to 2017 …

The Effect Of Quercetin In Periodontal Inflammation, Sara Holden

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: To determine the effect of Quercetin, a plant based over the counter flavonoid, on periodontal inflammation in a murine model of periodontitis.

Methods: Periodontitis was induced in age and gender matched mice (C57BL/6) using ligatures on the left side of the maxilla and right side was left un-ligated as baseline control. The animals received daily Quercetin gavage or Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) starting 5 days prior to ligation which continued throughout the experimental protocol. Micro-computed tomography (micro CT) imaging was used to determine alveolar bone loss. Real Time quantitative (qRT) PCR was used to determine level of gingival tissue …

Aloe Vera: A Multipurpose Healer And Bacterial Eradicator, Mary X. Tran, Leira N. Jimenez, Linda K. Blackburn

Dental Hygiene Student Scholarship

The Aloe vera plant is a succulent known for its rich content in vitamins and minerals, thus gaining popularity over the years in healthcare products. With advancements in alternative medicine, it has been recently found useful in dentistry due to properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial actions that contribute to wound healing. The purpose of this study was to examine and discover how Aloe vera can be used as an alternative therapy in the dental field. The PubMed, Google Scholar and Dentistry & Oral Sciences (DOSS) databases were utilized to find current scientific evidence on the effects of Aloe …

Consideration For Care For Your Patient With Cerebral Palsy, Katlin R. Cannon, Melissa Stowe, Brooke Ryan

Dental Hygiene Student Scholarship

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common developmental neurological disorder affecting about 2-3 children out of 1,000. CP is the result of infant brain damage or abnormal development resulting in impaired muscle control, coordination, tone, reflex, posture, and balance. These patients are unable to control motor movements of their muscles of mastication and facial expression, causing excessive drooling, clenching, bruxism, and other oral health-related issues. This lack of motor control affects their ability to swallow and often limits these patients to a liquid diet. This can lead to vitamin deficiencies and result in further developmental problems. As an example, a deficiency …

Got Caries? Breast Milk And Early Childhood Caries?, Megan L. Dean, Rebecca Fields, Hannah Fritz

Dental Hygiene Student Scholarship

Objective: To provide an analysis of the association between the longevity of breastfeeding and development of ECC. Determine the optimal time frame in which mothers should cease breastfeeding to reduce ECC development. Methods: Dr. Brickhouse, PubMed, Google Scholar and other scholarly databases were utilized to find current scientific evidence on the effects of breast milk on ECC. Relevant articles were summarized to write a review of literature. 16 articles published from 2015 to the present date were reviewed and cited. Results: From the studies, there is strong evidence to support breastfeeding beyond 12 months of age increases the prevalence …

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 95, No. 2, 2018)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Oral Cancer Has A New Risk Factor: Hpv, Tira Hanrahan, Shillpa Naavaal

Dental Public Health and Policy Publications

No abstract provided.

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 95, No. 1, 2018)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 95, No. 3, 2018)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Would You Recognize Lupus?, Sydney C. Smith, Maegan Simms, Barbara Brown

Dental Hygiene Student Scholarship

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, or SLE, is a chronic autoimmune disease which significantly affects various organs of the body and the oral cavity. According to various studies, SLE can cause an increased risk of periodontitis, fungal infections, and dental caries within the oral cavity. Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition mediated by an infectious etiology which affects the supporting tissues of the periodontium and alveolar bone. With SLE being an inflammatory condition as well, recent studies have emerged hypothesizing the possible association between SLE and periodontitis. Other effects on the oral cavity such as fungal infections including lichen planus and angular cheilitis …

Hours Lost To Planned And Unplanned Dental Visits Among Us Adults, Uma Kelekar, Shillpa Naavaal

Dental Public Health and Policy Publications

Introduction

Poor oral health is associated with lost hours at work or school, which may affect a person’s productivity. The objective of our study was to estimate work or school hours lost to dental visits among adults aged 18 and older by the types of visits (emergency or unplanned; routine, planned, or orthodontic; or cosmetic) and to determine the factors associated with hours lost.

Methods

We used the most recent Oral Health Supplement data, from the 2008 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), to estimate the total hours lost at work or school for dental visits among adults in the United …

Estimating The Cost Of School Sealant Programs With Minimal Data, Susan O. Griffin, Kari Jones, Shillpa Naavaal, Joan M. O'Connell, Christina Demopoulos, Dawn Arlotta

Dental Public Health and Policy Publications

Objective: Develop methodology to estimate the annual cost of resources used by school sealant programs (SSPs) and demonstrate its use.

Methods: We used existing literature and expert opinion to identify SSP cost components and the most appropriate units for their measurement (e.g., per operator) and collection frequency (e.g., per day). For equipment and reusable instruments, costs were sufficiently homogenous across SSPs that we could provide default per unit cost estimates (2016 US$) that SSPs can use in lieu of collecting their own data. We also provide default costs for supply items such that SSPs can estimate total supply costs with …