Dentistry Commons^™

The Influence Of Cbct-Derived 3d-Printed Models On Endodontic Microsurgical Treatment Planning And Confidence Of The Operator, Shreyas Oza, Johnah C. Galicia

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Aims Use of 3D printed models in Endodontics has been gaining popularity since the technology to create them became more affordable. Currently, there are no studies that evaluate the influence of 3D models on endodontic surgical treatment planning and on operator confidence. Therefore, aims of this study were to: (i) Determine whether the availability of a 3D printed analogue can influence treatment-planning and operator confidence; and, (ii) Assess which factors of operator confidence are influenced, if any.

Materials and Methods Endodontists were asked to analyze a pre-selected CBCT scan of an endodontic surgical case and to answer a questionnaire that …

Variants Of Facial Shape Genes In Patients With Class Ii Or Class I Malocclusion, Mahsa Mortazavi, Marie M. Tolarová Md, Phd, Drsc, Mirek Tolar

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Background and purpose: In recent years, questions regarding the genetic and environmental factors affecting variation in human craniofacial morphology have received increasing attention. Medical and clinical genetic research using family studies has proven foundational for our understanding of which genes affect craniofacial variation. On the other hand, cephalometricbased studies showed a relationship between the cranial base and midface characteristics among individuals with different skeletal pattern of malocclusion. The purpose of our pilot study was to analyze specific variants of facial genes that were suggested to be associated with cranial base width and depth in Class II and Class I malocclusions. …

Variants Of Pax Gene Family In Patients With Class Ii Or Class I Malocclusion, Mana Naeim, Marie M. Tolarová Md, Phd, Drsc, Mirek Tolar

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Background and Purpose. Orthodontic treatment helps to ensure proper function of teeth and to create healthy smiles. To this aim, the orthodontist’s goal is establishment of an esthetic harmony between soft and hard tissues of the face. Dimensions of facial width and height are crucial for accurate diagnosis and formulation of an efficient treatment plan. A knowledge of genetic determinants of these dimensions in Class II patients will deepen our understanding of etiology of skeletal Class II malocclusions and would make it possible to personalize a patient’s treatment plan. The purpose of our pilot study was to analyze, if specific …

Removable Appliance Therapy For Interceptive Orthodontic Treatment, Vikas Gupta, James Chen

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: Socioeconomically disadvantaged children have limited access to orthodontic services not only because of their families’ competing needs for limited resources, but also because of the limited availability of orthodontists in their communities and a shortage of orthodontists who are willing to treat patients enrolled in Medicaid. We will systematically explore the hypothesis that an early interceptive treatment protocol using removable appliances provides the same treatment outcome but better cost-effectiveness than a traditional fixed-appliance protocol. Methods: Interim data on a prospective study with patients being treated either in private practice with rational fixed Phase I orthodontic treatment (n=11) or in …

Complications Reported In Maxillary Skeletal Expansion, Jacqueline Payne, Audrey Yoon, Heeyeon Suh, Joorok Park, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the types and prevalence of complications following MARPE protocol at University of the Pacific and to investigate the complication of asymmetry using CBCT analysis. Methods: In the first portion of this study, 97 patients who started treatment prior to July 2020 and who had MARPE expander treatment at the University of the Pacific were included. Chart review and evaluation of progress clinical photographs were used to report the following complications: inflammation, pain, appliance malfunction, broken microscrew, and pulpitis. In the second portion of this study, 77 patients from a private practice …

1 Long Term Impact Of Microimplant Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion On Soft Tissue Nasal Morphology, Laura Chew, Heeyeon Suh, Joorok Park, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: When skeletal transverse discrepancies exist between the maxilla and mandible, they commonly manifest in dental malocclusion. If left uncorrected, the malocclusion can lead to periodontal issues, tooth fractures, tooth loss, or other significant dental problems. Utilization of microimplants in palatal expansion aims to correct transverse discrepancies between the maxilla and mandible by separating the palatal suture in a parallel manner aimed at maximizing skeletal changes and minimizing dental side effects. Overlying soft tissue changes can be affected by the induced skeletal changes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate skeletal expansion and the overlying soft tissue change that …

Accuracy And Reliability Of A Fully Automated Landmark Identification System On Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Ali Ghowsi, David Hatcher, Heeyeon Suh, Joorok Park, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

ABSTRACT Introduction: Medical imaging continues to play an increasing role in health care and is an integral part of medicine and dentistry. Recent technological advancements have led to the development of fully automated landmark identification (ALI) systems capable of tracing Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of an ALI system as a tool for automatic landmark location compared to human judges. Methods: One hundred subjects’ CBCT volumes from multiple imaging centers were traced by two human judges who were calibrated and had an ICC close to 1. Fifty-three landmarks were …

Utilization Of A New Web-Based Application For Case Difficulty Assessment As A Predictor For Procedural Errors In Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment, Watraat Unmona Hasanat

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: There are currently no established guidelines to determine which cases general practitioners should refer to an endodontist for root canal treatment. The American Association of Endodontists (AAE) has developed the EndoCase mobile application (ECA), which utilizes either a full or abridged rubric to assign case difficulty level and provide referral guidelines to general practitioners and dental students. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether the abridged criteria of the EndoCase application can help predict the incidence of procedural errors in nonsurgical root canal treatment of mandibular molars in an undergraduate dental clinic based on the difficulty …

An In Vitro Evaluation Of The Wirele-X Electronic Apex Locator, Lucas M. Brand Dds, Craig A. Dunlap Dds, Ray Scott Dds Msd, Ove A. Peters Dmd Ms Phd

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Wirele-X (Forum Tec, Ashkelon, Israel), a new Bluetooth-enabled electronic apex locator (EAL). The accuracy of the Wirele-X and the Root ZX II (J. Morita, Tokyo, Japan) was compared in vitro using an alginate model. Materials/Methods: Thirty-one extracted single-rooted human teeth with mature apices were decoronated at the CEJ. Under 10X magnification, actual canal lengths (ACL) were determined. The teeth were embedded in alginate and electronic canal length measurements were obtained using the Root ZX II and Wirele-X EALs. Each tooth was measured three times with both EALs. …

Comparison Of Maxillary Expansion Between Clear Aligners And Removable Expansion Appliance In The Mixed Dentition, Micaela Zaverdinos, Paul Kasrovi, James Chen, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: Orthodontic and orthopedic expansion is necessary to create space to resolve crowding due to arch deficiency or tooth size discrepancy. The Invisalign First clear aligner appliance as a modality for early interceptive orthodontic treatment has become incorporated into orthodontic practices in very recent years. The present study aims to investigate the magnitude of expansion of the Invisalign First clear aligner appliance compared to a Schwartz removable expander in patients with mixed dentition. Additionally, the study aims to compare the efficacy and predictability of Invisalign First clear aligners in this population. Materials & Methods: In this retrospective study, a sample …

Oropharyngeal Airway Changes Following Orthodontic Treatment Of Anterior Open Bite In Growing Vs Non-Growing Patients, Mona Awadi, Heeyeon Suh, Joorok Park, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment of anterior open bite can result in a counter-clockwise rotation of the mandible and a more ideal forward position of the tongue. Usually this movement is thought to increase the oropharyngeal airway. The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in vertical dimension and airway in AOB patients following orthodontic treatment. Methods: 52 subjects were included in this retrospective study of anterior open bite malocclusion treated in the graduate orthodontics clinic at the University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry between 2006 – 2019. Cephalometric and airway measurements were done by …

Association Of Type And Severity Of Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts With Combined Genotypes Of Rfc1 80 Ga, Mthfr 677 Ct, Irf6 (Rs642961) And Irf6 (Rs2235371) Gene Polymorphisms In An Indian Population, Chantal Hakim Dds, Msd, Marie M. Tolarová Md, Phd, Drsc, Miroslav Tolar Md, Phd

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Association of type and severity of nonsyndromic OROFACIAL CLEFTS with combined genotypes of RFC1 80 GA, MTHFR 677 CT, IRF6 rs642961 and rs2235371 gene polymorphisms in an Indian population Abstract By Chantal Hakim University of the Pacific. Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry 2020 Introduction. Genetic etiology of nonsyndromic orofacial clefts comprises many genes acting together. However, little is known about their interactions. The purpose of our study was to analyze associations of phenotypic subtypes of nonsyndromic orofacial clefts with combinations of four genotypes involving candidate gene polymorphisms. Materials and Methods. We analyzed a large dataset of cases and controls collected …

Comparison Of Skeletal And Dental Differences Between Class I And Class Ii Sides And Their Relationship With Asymmetric Molar Relationships In Class Ii Subdivision Malocclusions – A Cbct Study, Ivan Lo, Heeyeon Suh, Joorok Park, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to compare dental and skeletal differences between Class I and Class II sides and their contributions to the degree of asymmetric molar relationship in Class II subdivision malocclusions using CBCT.

Methods: One hundred and eight patients presenting with Angle Class II subdivision malocclusions (mean age =21.05 years) were assessed with 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography scans. Paired t-tests were used to compare linear skeletal, angular and dental measurement differences between Class I and Class II sides. Correlations of linear skeletal, angular and dental measurement differences between Class I and Class II sides were made …

Invisalign First: A Qualitative Study On The Perceived Benefits And Drawbacks Of Invisalign First As A Treatment Modality For Mixed Dentition Patients, Erin Walker, James Chen

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Given the recent implementation of Invisalign First for early interceptive orthodontic treatment, a limited number of orthodontists have had experience with this treatment modality and there currently are no published studies on the topic. The present study aims to use a qualitative survey to identify common themes in providers’ perceptions of Invisalign First as a new treatment option for early interceptive orthodontics. Twenty-three orthodontists in the private practice sector voluntarily participated in an open-ended survey via email. The results of the survey indicate the following common themes in regards to benefits of Invisalign First: fewer emergencies, patient comfort, patient experience, …

Prediction Of Class Iii Treatment Need And Success, Andrew Levin, James Chen

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Objective: The purpose of the present study is to develop prognostic models for surgical need and treatment success for class III malocclusions. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that evaluated treatment outcomes of consecutively treated patients at UCSF from Jan 1st 2007-Jan 1st 2012 and UoP from May 1st, 2014 – May 1st 2019. Receiver operator curves were used to develop prognostic models for surgical need and treatment success for class III malocclusions. Predictor variables were selected a priori (Class III-WITS, U1-PP, IMPA). The prognostic models were validated first using a UCSF validation cohort to show consistency …

Patient And Parent Perceptions On Outcomes In Early Orthodontic Treatment, Joseph Phillips, James Chen

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: Orthodontics has clinical benefits, however, the psychosocial outcomes are not well understood. These soft benefits are often classified as aesthetic, functional, and psychosocial, however, there is limited work understanding these outcomes as reported directly from the patient. By better understanding the patient’s perspectives, we can continually refine our clinical model to be patient-centric and more appropriately manage the patient’s expectations and experiences. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional qualitative study of 20 parents of 24 children ages 8-11 years. Participants were remotely interviewed using a semi-structured chronologically based line of questioning to elucidate their perceived outcomes of early …

Prevalence Of Short Root Anomaly In Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment, Tim Howarth, James Chen, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate variance in prevalence and severity of short root anomaly (SRA) in patients seeking orthodontic treatment, stratified by ethnicity and sex. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we evaluated 896 patients who had initial cone-beam computed tomographies (CBCTs) taken from July 1, 2014 to May 30, 2019. Panoramic radiographs and images from the CBCTs of each patient were extracted and placed in a database. The crown-to-root ratio of maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, canines, and all pre-molars were evaluated to determine the presence, severity and associations of SRA. A Chi-square …

Soft Tissue Effects From Maxillomandibular Advancement With Counterclockwise Rotation, Timothy Yu, Audrey Yoon, Stanley Yung Chuan Liu, Heeyeon Suh, Joorok Park, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) surgery with counterclockwise rotation on soft tissue oral and nasal structures. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 34 subjects diagnosed with OSA who underwent MMA at the Stanford Sleep Clinic. Initial (T1) and Final (T2) CBCTs were evaluated and compared for 10 hard tissue and 15 soft tissue measurements. Additionally, the external nasal valve surface area was measured and compared between the two time points. A 3D superimposition was performed and used to evaluate the relative hard and soft tissue movements. Results: There was …

Efficiency And Effectiveness Of Arch Expansion With Corticotomy-Assisted Clear Aligner Therapy, Thomas Roblee, Robert R. Boyd, James Chen, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: Surgically Facilitated Orthodontic Therapy (SFOT) has been utilized for years to overcome the limitations encountered with traditional orthodontic treatment of dentoalveolar and alveoloskeletal malocclusions. The procedure, which consists of full flap corticotomies and bone grafting, has many proposed benefits including increased speed and range of tooth movement. The purpose of this study is to evaluate arch expansion in patients treated with SFOT and clear aligners. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study design was used to evaluate 51 consecutive adult patients that were treatment planned for significant arch expansion with corticotomies, bone grafting, and clear aligners. 17 of the …

Epidemiology, Outcome, And Prognostic Factors Of Oropharyngeal Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma: A Population-Based Analysis Using The Seer Database, Serena Lee

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) in the oropharynx is rare. Current understanding of the disease is derived mainly from case reports and small case series, prompting further elucidation of its epidemiology and prognostic factors that affect outcome. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to examine demographic characteristics, clinicopathologic features, and prognostic factors in patients with oropharyngeal LEC. Methods: The U.S. National Cancer Institute’s SEER registry was queried to obtain data on patients with primary oropharyngeal LEC from 1975 to 2016. Variables examined include age at diagnosis, sex, race, year of diagnosis, primary site of tumor origin, tumor size, extent, …

Impact Of Access Cavity Design On Peri-Cervical Dentin Removal In 3d Printed Tooth Models, James A. Mcintosh, Ove A. Peters, Christine Peters, Craig Dunlap

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Aims Preservation of peri-cervical dentin during the preparation of endodontic access is important to prevent fractures and improve the long-term prognosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of rotary file instrumentation (TruNatomy and XP-Endo Shaper) on peri-cervical dentin removal, depending on access size. Materials and Methods Forty 3D printed mandibular first molars, with either a small or large access design, were instrumented using TruNatomy or XP-endo Shaper file systems. Canal volumes were calculated based on micro-computed tomography data obtained pre- and post-operatively. Digital sectioning of each reconstructed volume was performed 90-degrees to the long axis at …

Comparison Of Calcium Hydroxide Extrusion With Syringe Vs Spiral Filler Delivery: A Pilot Study, Gordon San Lai

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and amount of Ca(OH)2 extrusion in relation to the intracanal delivery technique, apical foramen size, and depth of placement. Methods: Standardized training blocks with j-shaped canals were used (n=64); half of the simulated canals were shaped to apical size #35(.06 taper) and the remaining 32 to #45(.06). The frequency and extent of Ca(OH)2 extrusion were measured relative to apical taper, the depth of insertion, and whether syringe or spiral filler was used. Blocks were immersed in pH-sensitive gel and observed for color change. The visible extent of extrusion, indicated …

Facial Tissue Changes With Microimplant Assisted Rapid Palatal Expanders, Kevin Shimizu

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: Skeletal expansion has been a treatment modality in orthodontics and orthopedics to correct skeletal transverse discrepancies with maxillary constriction. The utilization of microimplants in conjunction with these palatal expanders offers a higher degree of pure skeletal expansion and minimizes the dental side effects. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes of the hard and soft tissues of the face after skeletal expansion for orthodontics. Methods: 36 patients who had received successful expansion with a microimplant assisted rapid palatal expander were compared to their pre-expansion records. All patients received CBCTs from which a 3-D analysis configuration was …

Saudi Arabian Students In Postgraduate Dental Programs: Investigating Factors Associated With Burnout, Asiri Amal

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Burnout related to emotional and physical study or work demands affects an individual’s performance and well being. This study focused on Saudi Arabian dental residents studying in the United States and the United Kingdom who are faced with many challenges in pursuit of a higher education degree. A survey including demographic and MBI questions was distributed to assess this population’s level of burnout. The Maslach Burnout inventory (MBI) was has been widely used in the literature to assess three components of burnout: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DEP), and (diminished) personal accomplishment (PA). Potential predictors of burnout level, tested for statistical …

Oral Health Care: An Autoethnography Reflecting On Dentistry's Collective Neglect And Changes In Professional Education Resulting In The Dental Hygienist Being The Prevention-Focused Primary Oral Health Care Provider, Maureen Patricia Mcweeney Harrington

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Many factors influence poor oral health among disadvantaged populations including socioeconomic circumstances, knowledge of disease prevention strategies and ability to implement those strategies, public policies, insurance status, insurance policies, dental providers and other challenges to accessing dental care. Often these issues converge and result in early disadvantages to achieving good oral health (Horton & Barker, 2010). Addressing even some of the factors that contribute to poor oral health may provide ways to change the dental health status of historically underserved populations. The purpose of this research is to explore my role as a practitioner and researcher in the creation of …