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National Children's Dental Health Month Activity Book (2011), American Dental Association Foundation

National Children's Dental Health Month

No abstract provided.

Oral Hygiene Kap Assessment And Dmft Scoring Among Children Aged 11-12 Years In An Urban School Of Karachi, Farhan Vakani, Nadia Basaria, Shahjahan Katpar

Department of Continuing Professional Education

Objective:To assess the oral hygiene knowledge, attitude and practices among school children and evaluate their DMFT (Decayed/Missing/Filled Teeth) scores.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study:

A private school of Karachi from March to April 2008.

Methodology:

Convenient sample comprising 300 students of grade 6 within the age group of 11-12 years was selected. A knowledge, attitude and practices survey questionnaire based on quantitative indicators was filled by the students. Clinical examination was done for DMFT. Data analysis was done by using SPSS version 11. Associations were assessed using chi-square test and a p-value of < 0.001 was considered significant.

Results:

There …

A Survey Of The Usage Of Topical Anesthesia Among Dentist, Lawrence Shults

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purposes of this study were four-fold: 1) to determine the types and effectiveness of various topical anesthetics being used among dentists currently treating children, 2) to determine the types of procedures for which topical anesthetics are being used among children, 3) to understand the awareness and use of a relatively newer compounded topical gel Oraqix (Dentsply Caulk) among children, 4) to understand the adverse reactions to topical anesthesia that are seen among children. Methods: A cross sectional survey was designed, regarding the type, procedural use, effectiveness, and adverse reactions noted among children to various topical anesthetics. The survey …

Oral Health Status Of Children In The Child Health Investment Partnership (Chip) Program, Latrice Foster

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe children’s dental disease status and functional health literacy of families enrolled in the Child Health Investment Partnership program in Roanoke Valley. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of children (n=166) enrolled in the Child Health Investment Partnership of Roanoke Valley, Virginia (CHIP). The parents of the 166 children completed the Life Skills Progression (LSP) survey at enrollment between September 2004 and September 2008 to assess their functional health literacy levels. Their LSP scores were used to determine their subsequent health care literacy (HCL), personal health literacy (PHL), and dental-child utilization …

Genetic Variations Of Cyp2b6 Enzyme And The Response To Meperidine In Oral Sedation, Heath Whitfield

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of the CYP2B6 genotype to the clinical response to meperidine in pediatric dental patients. Methods: Forty-nine patients, ASA I/ II, 41–101 months old, received an oral sedative regimen containing meperidine for dental treatment. The North Carolina Behavior Rating Scale (NCBRS) and Overall Effectiveness of Sedation Scale (OESS) were used to assess their behavior and sedation outcome. Saliva DNA samples were genotyped by PCR-RFLP. Results: We found the following genotype distributions: homozygous wild-type 1*1 (n = 19, 39%), heterozygous 1*6 (n = 25, 51%), and homozygous variant 6*6 (n = …

The Effects Of Motivational Interviewing In Pregnancy On Knowledge And Retention Of Infant Oral Health Information, Andrew Zima

Theses and Dissertations

THE EFFECTS OF MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING IN PREGNANCY ON KNOWLEDGE AND RETENTION OF INFANT ORAL HEALTH INFORMATION By Andrew D. Zima, Jr., B.S., M.S., D.D.S. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Dentistry at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2010 Major Director: Tegwyn H. Brickhouse, D.D.S., Ph.D Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry Purpose: The purpose was to examine the effect of motivational counseling in pregnancy with readiness and acceptance of infant oral health information. Methods: The study used a prospective cohort design to examine the effect of prenatal education …

The Evaluation Of Pain Experienced By Children Undergoing Simple Extraction Using 2% Lidocaine Versus Oraqix Topical Anesthetic Gel, John Haffner

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the pain response experienced by children undergoing simple tooth extractions using 2% Lidocaine injection versus Oraqix topical anesthetic gel. Methods: This study is being conducted at VCU pediatric dentistry clinic. The sample size will consist of 15 children ages 7-12 undergoing a simple extraction procedure. Each participant is randomly assigned to one of two groups, the lidocaine injection group or the Oraqix topical group. The pain level will be measured at four key events during the procedure. The first event will evaluate the pain at baseline. The second event will measure …

Functional Health Literacy And The Use Of Dental Services In Young Children, Melissa Fries

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine parental Functional Health Literacy and their child’s subsequent utilization of dental services. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of children (n=1175) enrolled in the Child Health Investment Partnership of Virginia (CHIP). Descriptive statistics and separate multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine the relationship between functional health literacy measures; 1) Health Care Literacy (HCL), 2) Personal Health Literacy (PHL), and 3) LSP 22 scale, with utilization as measured as number of dental visit/s. Results: Descriptive analysis of the cohort reveals: 45% black, 40% white, 10% Hispanic, 5% other, 41% of …

The Effects Of Motivational Interviewing In Pregnancy On Infant Oral Health Knowledge And Behavior, Patricia Arteaga

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine infant oral health knowledge and readiness of expectant mothers to incorporate preventive oral health behaviors for their infants. Methods: The study used a prospective cohort design to examine the effect of prenatal education and motivational counseling with expectant mothers about infant oral health care readiness. Participants were all enrolled in a prenatal care program called Centering Pregnancy offered by VCU’s Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. They all completed a pre-survey questionnaire, followed by a motivational counseling intervention, and then completed a post-survey questionnaire. Results: A sample of 30 pregnant women completed …

Preventive Dental Services For Infants And Subsequent Utilization Of Dental Services, Elizabeth Berry

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of dental services for young children following a preventive oral health intervention in a pediatric medical clinic. Over a 3 year period (2005-2008), children 0-36 months of age, enrolled in Medicaid, were provided preventive oral health services in a medical setting. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine the effect receiving the preventive oral health services in a medical setting with the outcomes of dental utilization. 15% were determined to have dental caries at the intervention and 42% found to have a dental visit post-intervention. Children determined …

The Comparative Radiopacity Between Primary And Permanent Teeth, Robert C. Lee

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Purpose: This in vitro study compared the radiopacity between human primary and permanent enamel and dentin. It also compared the radiopacity between human anterior and posterior teeth.

Methods: Extracted primary and permanent teeth were used in this study. One mm enamel and one mm dentin slices were cut from each extracted tooth. Radiographs were taken of each enamel and dentin specimen 1 mm in thickness along with an aluminum step-wedge using procedures specified in International Standards Organization (ISO) 4049:2000. A densitometer was used to measure the Optical Density (OD) of the radiographs of the specimen and the accompanying aluminum step-wedge. …

Comparison Of Microleakage In Three Sealant Placement Protocols Vs. The Enamel Loc System, Audrey T. Sheu

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

PURPOSE: To evaluate sealant microleakage using four different application techniques.

METHODS: The four application techniques evaluated were acid etch only, Adper L-Pop bonding, Optibond bonding, and Enamel Loc One-Step Sealant. Sixty-four extracted third molar teeth were assigned on one of four application techniques (n=16) and Clinpro sealants applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. The teeth were thermocycled for 500 cycles, dyed, and embedded in resin. The samples were then sectioned and evaluated for microleakage on the buccal and lingual surfaces. Statistical methods employed to analyze the data were the Kruskal-Willis rank test and the Mann-Whitney U test.

RESULTS: No significant …

Veneer Failure On Preveneered Primary Posterior Stainless Steel Crowns, Matthew H. Gustafsson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of force required to fracture or dislodge the veneered facings from three veneered lower primary molar stainless steel crowns (SSC) and to characterize the veneer failures.

METHODS: The following veneered crowns were used in this study: NuSmile crowns, Kinder Krowns, and EC crowns. Twenty lower right primary first molar crowns were used from each manufacturer, for a total of 60 crowns. All crowns were cemented with glass ionomer cement to a custom fabricated die. Twenty-four hours following cementation, each die with the cemented crown was placed into a custom …

Quantifiying The Depth Of Oral Sedation Using Bispectral Index Monitoring, John Flowers

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: To determine whether Bispectral Index Monitoring is an effective tool for quantifying sedation depth after the administration of oral drug regimens in children.Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the charts of 75 children who received oral conscious sedation for dental treatment. Data collected from the chart included; 1) BIS values at 5 minute intervals and at five critical events: pre-operative, local anesthesia delivery, rubber dam placement (if utilized), during operative treatment, and postoperatively, 2) behavior ratings at the five critical events and an overall behavior assessment, 3) treatment data, and 4) demographic data. Results: The mean BIS value for orally …

Esthetic Posterior Stainless Steel Crowns And Their Relative Shear Strengths, Lonny Dale Carmichael

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate esthetic posterior stainless steel crowns (EP-SSC) and compare their relative shear strengths.Methods: Sixty EP-SSC were compared. 15 crowns from NuSmile® Primary Crowns, Kinder Krowns, and Dental Innovators 1UP and EC Crowns were studied. The crowns were cemented to a typodont tooth then thermally cycled in water baths to simulate oral conditions. Shear strengths were evaluated by subjecting these crowns to simulated forces of occlusion.Results: The force required to cause shearing of the esthetic facings was statistically significant. With the 1UP crown being significantly weaker than the other crowns tested. Conclusion: The …

Virginia Emergency Department Physician Knowledge Of The Emergent Treatment Of Avulsed Teeth, Joy Leatrice Barnes Phelps

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge and treatment protocols for physicians in Virginia emergency departments in regards to the emergent treatment of avulsed teeth.Methods: Using a cross sectional survey design, an 8-item questionnaire regarding the treatment of avulsed teeth was emailed to 75 emergency department chairpersons in Virginia. After 30 days, a reminder paper copy of the questionnaire was mailed and an email reminder with the on-line link was sent. After 60 days the study was closed. Comparisons were made using chi-square analysis based on percentages to test for significance. Results: The response rate was …

Comparison Of Emergence Behavior In Pediatric Dental Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia With Sevoflurane Versus Desflurane, Carla Lalande

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: To determine which maintenance gas (sevoflurane versus desflurane) resulted in a faster emergence from general anesthesia and investigate the patient's emergence agitation. Methods: One group was maintained during general anesthesia with sevoflurane and the other with desflurane. Upon emergence the patient's behavior was evaluated.Results: The average emergence time for desflurane was 9.8; while the average for sevoflurane was 13.98 minutes. Patients who received premedication had an emergence time of 15.43 minutes, while patients who received no premedication emerged after 8.34 minutes.Zofran® was a significant predictor of purposeful actions. Patients were more aware of their surroundings when they received Zofran® …

Fluoride Varnish Use Among Dentists In Virginia, Amanda Bowen Kuhn

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to asses fluoride varnish use by dental practitioners in Virginia. Methods: Using a cross sectional survey design, all dentists in Virginia who are members of the Virginia Dental Association (VDA) were sent an online survey about usage and knowledge of fluoride varnish. Results: The majority of the respondents were general dentists (79%) followed by pediatric dentists (12%). Fluoride varnish use increased with year of graduation from dental school. Dentists who thought fluoride varnish was more effective and less time consuming use it more than other topical fluorides. Dentists who thought their patients prefer …

Congenital Diseases And A New York State Regulation. Help Is Here., Preeti Gupta Dds, Stuart L. Segelnick Dds, Milton Palat Dds

Individual Scholarship

Knowledge of a little known New York State regulation and its insurance implications can be used to provide dental benefits to people who have congenital diseases or anomalies. An explanation of the regulation is provided, and some of the more common congenital diseases that may affect the dentition, such as amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, ectodermal dysplasia, cleft lip/palate and trisomy 21, are reviewed.

Salivary Characteristics In 3 And 4 Year-Old Children With And Without Visible Caries, Gloria Yañez

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

PURPOSE: To compare salivary characteristics in 3 and 4 year-old Head Start children with and without visible caries.

METHODS: This case-control study was performed on 84 healthy 3 and 4 year-old Head Start children. After consent and inclusion criteria were met, each child was screened and assigned to one of two test groups based on their caries status. Group 1 consisted of children with no visible evidence of caries, although non-visible caries may have been present. Group II consisted of children with visible evidence demonstrating three or more carious lesions. Each child's unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva samples were collected …

Comparison Of Laser And Phosphoric Acid Etching On Sealant Shear Bond Strength, Seth David Latimer

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of traditional phosphoric acid etching with Er,Cr:YSGG laser enamel etching on the shear bond strength of sealant material.

METHODS: Extracted healthy third molars were mounted in acrylic exposing the flattest surface available. Three groups of twenty teeth were used to evaluate traditional acid etching with 37% phosphoric acid as a control group as well as two different laser settings. The sealant material was attached using specialized jigs and then subjected to shear bond strength testing utilizing the ultradent method (MTS machine). Statistical methods employed were the Kruskal-Wallis rank test and the Mann-Whitney U test.

RESULTS: …

A Microleakage Study Of Cements With Stainless Steel Crowns, Heidi Joy Apuy

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

PURPOSE: To compare the ability of newer adhesive resin cements and traditional glass ionomer cements to prevent microleakage under stainless steel crowns on extracted permanent third molars.

METHODS: All teeth were hand prepared and stainless steel crowns were cemented according to manufacturers' instructions. The specimens were thermocycled for 500 cycles and immersed in 2% methylene blue dye solution for 8 hours. Each tooth was imbedded in resin and cut into I mm thick sections by a slow speed diamond saw. The amount of microleakage was measured in microns under a traveling microscope. The measurements of each section of a tooth …

Effect Of Polishing Brushes On Dental Composite Resins, Robert Shun-I Wang

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

PURPOSE: The effectiveness of many commercially available composite finishing and polishing devices have been studied and compared. However, no studies have directly compared the effectiveness among the polishing brushes. This study set out to (1) investigate the surface roughness reduction and gloss value increase of two universal dental composites polished by three polishing brushes and two well-studied finishing and polishing systems, and (2) to evaluate resulting surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

METHODS: 10 specimens were fabricated for each of five polishing groups for both composite resins, one microhybrid (Herculite XRV) and one nanofilled composite (Filtek Supreme Plus). Each …

A Survey On The Usage Of Articaine Among General And Pediatric Dentists, Robert Louis Hollowell Iii

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the impact that the introduction of articaine has had on local anesthetic selection by general and pediatric dentists for use in three different age groups of children.Methods: Using a cross sectional survey design, a questionnaire regarding the use of local anesthetics in children was mailed to a random sample of 500 general dentists from North Carolina, 500 general dentists from Virginia, and all 230 pediatric dentists from North Carolina and Virginia. The 16-item questionnaire included questions regarding the preferred local anesthetic to use in three different age groups, 2-3 years of …

The Effect Of A Nominal Fee On Treatment Choices For Children Needing Dental Rehabilitation, D'Audra M. Cole

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine if a co-payment resulted in a differential preference for general anesthesia (GA) or oral sedation (OS) and, if so, to examine whether age, the number of appointments, perceived risks of treatment, child's awareness during treatment, or insurance type appeared to play a role in this preference.Methods: Using a cross-sectional survey design, questionnaires were distributed to caregivers of patients in the waiting room of the Virginia Commonwealth University Pediatric Dental Clinic. Two different questionnaires were distributed randomly. Both surveys described a scenario with the need for dental treatment under general anesthesia (GA) …

Developmental Variations In Plasma Leptin, Leptin Soluble Receptor And Their Molar Ratio In Healthy Infants, Winston Wk Koo, Mouhanad Hammami, Elaine M. Hockman

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Leptin and its soluble receptor (sOB-R) are important to regulation of body composition but there are no data on the developmental variations in these plasma variables and their relationship with body composition measurements,

Methods

Weight, length, and body composition (bone, fat and lean mass) by dual energy absorptiometry, and plasma variables were measured in healthy infants at 2, 4, 8 and 12 months.

Results

15 whites and 29 African Americans (21 males and 23 females) with mean birth weight 3357 +/- 45 (SEM) g and gestation of 39.3 +/- 0.17 weeks were studied. The overall Z score for …

Adverse Anesthesia Outcomes: A Retrospective Study Of An Ambulatory Surgical Center Versus A Dental Office Setting, Gaurav Agarwal

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the adverse events that occur with general anesthesia for dental rehabilitation between a hospital setting and dental clinic setting. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed examining patients who had received dental rehabilitation with general anesthesia at the Virginia Commonwealth University Department of Pediatric Dentistry. Subjects were either treated in the Pediatric Dental Clinic or the Hospital Ambulatory Surgery Center (ASC) from July 2005 to December 2006. Anesthesia records of induction, intubation, maintenance, emergence and recovery were compared between the two settings.Results: There were a total of 422 charts reviewed with …

Children With Special Needs Oral Health Quality Of Life Survey, Kristin Elizabeth Nelson

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to asses the oral health quality of life of children with special health care needs. This study examined the effects of oral health conditions on general well-being and family life of these children. A secondary aim of the study was to investigate correlations between specific health care conditions, gender, and age of these children and their global ratings of oral health and well-being.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional design with subjects who are members of the Virginia Care Connection for Children program, based at Virginia Commonwealth University. The oral health quality of life …

Oral Health Services In A Medical Setting, Robert William Mansman Ii

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the baseline oral health status of infants and the level of their caregiver's oral health knowledge for families who received preventive oral health services in a medical setting. Methods: Using a prospective cohort study, children 0-3 years of age received an oral health screening, risk assessment, caregiver education, and a fluoride varnish treatment in an ambulatory pediatric medical clinic. A 16-item oral health knowledge and socio-demographic questionnaire was delivered to the caregiver of child. This questionnaire included knowledge, behavior and opinion items on risk factors for dental diseases, care of child's …

In Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy Of Calcium Hydroxides In Root Dentin, Josef W. Lubisich

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Enterococcus faecalis is the most commonly isolated bacteria in failed root canal treatment. Endodontic intracanal medicaments are commonly tested using standardized bovine cylinders infected with bacteria. The literature is not clear on whether calcium hydroxides are able to remove E. faecalis from the dentinal tubules. One reason for this is that there are several varying forms of calcium hydroxide commonly used. The purpose of the present experiment was to determine whether four commonly used calcium hydroxide products were able to reduce E. faecalis from four incremental samples of dentin and to determine if there was a statistically significant difference between …