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Articles 121 - 150 of 335
Full-Text Articles in Communication Sciences and Disorders
Examining The Reversal Of Vocal Fold Dehydration Using Aerosolized Saline In An Excised Larynx Model, Maya Elena Stevens
Examining The Reversal Of Vocal Fold Dehydration Using Aerosolized Saline In An Excised Larynx Model, Maya Elena Stevens
Theses and Dissertations
Previous studies have found vocal fold hydration to be crucial for healthy function of the vocal mechanism. Surface tissue hydration facilitates efficient vocal fold oscillation. The composition of vocal fold surface fluid includes protective water and mucus layers, similar to the fluid that covers the mucosa and epithelia of the upper airway. Laryngeal dehydration has been linked to several factors such as mouth breathing, obstructive sleep apnea, dry air exposure, upper airway hypersensitivity, and certain diseases or behavioral voice use factors. Laryngeal dehydration affects phonation threshold pressure (PTP) and phonation threshold flow (PTF), defined as the pressure and flow observed …
Development Of Psychometrically Equivalent Speech Recognition Threshold Materials For Native Cebuano Speakers, Melissa Dawn Anderson
Development Of Psychometrically Equivalent Speech Recognition Threshold Materials For Native Cebuano Speakers, Melissa Dawn Anderson
Theses and Dissertations
While there is a clear and immediate need for reliable speech audiometry materials to evaluate the speech recognition threshold (SRT), these recorded materials are not available in Cebuano, a language of the Philippines with 15.8 million speakers. The purpose of this study was to develop, digitally record, evaluate, and psychometrically equate a set of Cebuano trisyllabic words for use in measuring the SRT. To create the SRT materials, common Cebuano trisyllabic words were digitally recorded by a male talker of Cebuano and presented for evaluation to 20 native speakers of Cebuano with normal hearing. Based on psychometric performance, a set …
The Ability Of Six Children With Language Impairment To Generate Stories From Pictured Stimuli: A Pilot Study, Molly Roxanne Alldredge
The Ability Of Six Children With Language Impairment To Generate Stories From Pictured Stimuli: A Pilot Study, Molly Roxanne Alldredge
Theses and Dissertations
Narrative production and comprehension is a difficult task for children with language impairment (LI). Their stories are typically shorter and contain more grammatical errors than the stories of typically developing age-matched peers. This pilot study describes the abilities of six children with LI to produce stories from pictured stimuli. Stories were elicited from each child during a 10-week period. Stimulus pictures and coding procedures from the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument were employed to analyze the participants' story grammar (SG). Eight SG elements were assessed including character introduction, setting, initiating event (IE), internal response (IR), internal plan (IP), attempt, and outcome. …
Topic Manipulation In Five Children With Language Impairment In Response To Topic Probes, Kimberly Kasey Baker
Topic Manipulation In Five Children With Language Impairment In Response To Topic Probes, Kimberly Kasey Baker
Theses and Dissertations
This study describes a series of case studies on topic management patterns of five children (ages 5 to 10 years) with language impairment. The children participated in semi-structured topic tasks that assessed conversational abilities on topics that were verbally introduced and topics that were introduced both verbally and with an object. Although there was considerable variability among participants, the children generally responded to most introductions by acknowledging and maintaining the topic. With the exception of one child, however, the children in this study demonstrated immature topic manipulation patterns that could be expected to have negative social ramifications.
Preventing Vocal Fold Dehydration Using Aerosolized Salinein An Excised Porcine Model, Mallory Lynn Hansen
Preventing Vocal Fold Dehydration Using Aerosolized Salinein An Excised Porcine Model, Mallory Lynn Hansen
Theses and Dissertations
Vocal fold hydration is important for efficient oscillation during voice production. Dehydration of the vocal fold surface is believed to produce adverse effects on the voice. Specifically, low environmental humidity, mouth breathing, and certain medical conditions may contribute to laryngeal and vocal fold dehydration. This dehydration effect may be quantified using the observed pressure and flow at the onset of phonation, operationally defined as phonation threshold pressure (PTP) and phonation threshold flow (PTF), respectively. Previous research has documented that nebulized isotonic saline (0.9% Na+Cl-) can reduce PTP. Additionally, the topical application of liquid saline increases vocal fold hydration in excised …
Interprofessional Collaboration: Aac, Michelle Bird, Anna Kusior
Interprofessional Collaboration: Aac, Michelle Bird, Anna Kusior
Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Story Retell Narratives In Five School-Aged Children With Language Impairment, Megan Bradshaw Deere
Story Retell Narratives In Five School-Aged Children With Language Impairment, Megan Bradshaw Deere
Theses and Dissertations
Many children identified with Language Impairment (LI) demonstrate difficulty comprehending and producing narratives. Their narratives are often structurally less complex and of overall poorer quality than those produced by their typically developing peers. These difficulties may negatively impact the academic and social success of children with LI. This thesis evaluates the performance of five school-aged children with LI on a story retell probe embedded within an intervention designed to address their social and emotional language abilities. During the 10-week intervention, participants completed a series of story retell probes using wordless picture books. The story stimuli were taken from the Edmonton …
The Effects Of A Social Communication Intervention On The Production Of Emotion Words For Children With Language Impairment, Emilee Anne Longmore
The Effects Of A Social Communication Intervention On The Production Of Emotion Words For Children With Language Impairment, Emilee Anne Longmore
Theses and Dissertations
Many school-age children with a diagnosis of Language Impairment (LI) also have social communication difficulties. Some of these difficulties are related to deficits in emotion understanding. This thesis evaluates the effects of a social communication intervention designed to increase the production of emotion-based words as an indicator of emotional competence. For five elementary school-aged children with LI, the production of emotion-based words was analyzed by first determining the frequency of words produced in preintervention sessions for the following categories: happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust. Following these measures, the participants received 20 intervention sessions over the course of treatment. …
Bidirectional Interference Between Simulated Driving And Speaking, Kelsey Lynn Simmons
Bidirectional Interference Between Simulated Driving And Speaking, Kelsey Lynn Simmons
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine interference between concurrently performed speaking and driving tasks. Participants included 60 adults, 30 males and 30 females, with no history of communication disorders. They were divided into three different age groups of 20 participants each: younger (20s), middle-aged (40s), and older (60s). The participants were given a list of topics to consider and were instructed to select eight topics that they could talk about; they completed five practice trials of the driving simulator prior to the experimental recording to eliminate practice effects. Each participant completed the speaking task and driving task both …
Mean Length Of Utterance And Developmental Sentence Scoring In The Analysis Of Children's Language Samples, Laurie Lynne Chamberlain
Mean Length Of Utterance And Developmental Sentence Scoring In The Analysis Of Children's Language Samples, Laurie Lynne Chamberlain
Theses and Dissertations
Developmental Sentence Scoring (DSS) is a standardized language sample analysis procedure that uses complete sentences to evaluate and score a child’s use of standard American-English grammatical rules. Automated DSS software can potentially increase efficiency and decrease the time needed for DSS analysis. This study examines the accuracy of one automated DSS software program, DSSA Version 2.0, compared to manual DSS scoring on previously collected language samples from 30 children between the ages of 2;5 and 7;11 (years;months). The overall accuracy of DSSA 2.0 was 86%. Additionally, the present study sought to determine the relationship between DSS, DSSA Version 2.0, the …
The Association Between Articulator Movement And Formant Trajectories In Diphthongs, Katherine Morris Mckell
The Association Between Articulator Movement And Formant Trajectories In Diphthongs, Katherine Morris Mckell
Theses and Dissertations
The current study examined the association between formant trajectories and tongue and lip movements in the American English diphthongs /aɪ/, /aʊ/, and /ɔɪ/. Seventeen native speakers of American English had electromagnetic sensors placed on their tongues and lips to record movement data along with corresponding acoustic data during productions of the diphthongs in isolation. F1 and F2 trajectories were extracted from the middle 50% of the diphthongs and compared with time-aligned kinematic data from tongue and lip movements. The movement and formant tracks were converted to z-scores and plotted together on a common time scale. Absolute difference scores between kinematic …
Psychometrically Equivalent Bisyllabic Word Lists For Spanish Pediatric Word Recognition Testing, Brenda Karina Peterson
Psychometrically Equivalent Bisyllabic Word Lists For Spanish Pediatric Word Recognition Testing, Brenda Karina Peterson
Theses and Dissertations
While recorded speech audiometry materials have been developed in Spanish for adults, currently there are no speech audiometry materials available in Spanish that are suitable for a pediatric population. Thus, the purposes of this study were (a) to analyze Spanish bisyllabic words previously developed for adults to determine the words' appropriateness when testing word recognition scores in native Spanish-speaking children and (b) to compare the logistic regressions results from the Spanish adult data obtained in a previous study with the logistic regressions from Spanish pediatric data obtained in the present study. Using common-use children's dictionaries in the Spanish language, a …
The Efficacy Of A Literature-Based Social Communication Intervention On Teacher Report Of Sociability For Children With Language Impairment, Mnisa Lyn Harlow
The Efficacy Of A Literature-Based Social Communication Intervention On Teacher Report Of Sociability For Children With Language Impairment, Mnisa Lyn Harlow
Theses and Dissertations
Recent research indicates that children with language impairment (LI) often experience difficulties with social communication. Although the empirical basis for general social communication intervention is growing, information documenting the efficacy of these interventions for children with LI remains limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a social communication intervention on teacher perceptions of sociability in five elementary-aged children with LI. The intervention focused on the presentation and use of children's stories to target aspects of emotion understanding. The two sociability subscales of the Teacher Behavior Rating Scale (TBRS), impulse control/likeability and prosocial behavior, were used …
A Comparison Of Manual And Automated Grammatical Precoding On The Accuracy Of Automated Developmental Sentence Scoring, Sarah Elizabeth Janis
A Comparison Of Manual And Automated Grammatical Precoding On The Accuracy Of Automated Developmental Sentence Scoring, Sarah Elizabeth Janis
Theses and Dissertations
Developmental Sentence Scoring (DSS) is a standardized language sample analysis procedure that evaluates and scores a child's use of standard American-English grammatical rules within complete sentences. Automated DSS programs have the potential to increase the efficiency and reduce the amount of time required for DSS analysis. The present study examines the accuracy of one automated DSS software program, DSSA 2.0, compared to manual DSS scoring on previously collected language samples from 30 children between the ages of 2-5 and 7-11. Additionally, this study seeks to determine the source of error in the automated score by comparing DSSA 2.0 analysis given …
The Formal Approaches And Multicultural Considerations Of Assessing Aphasia For The Neurogenic Population From The Perspective Of A Monolingual Clinician, Lauren C. Carter
The Formal Approaches And Multicultural Considerations Of Assessing Aphasia For The Neurogenic Population From The Perspective Of A Monolingual Clinician, Lauren C. Carter
Theses and Dissertations
Aphasia is a neurogenic disorder, most commonly caused by stroke, which affects speaking, listening, reading, and/or writing skills. Persons with aphasia are typically left with communication limitations despite unaffected cognition. Many of the standardized assessments available for aphasia examination are not realistic instruments. Formal assessments are time consuming and rarely include multicultural or multilingual materials. The clinician must allow every opportunity for the PWA to demonstrate their communicative abilities during an aphasia assessment. This requires providing stimuli materials relevant to the PWA’s culture, assessing in the PWA’s primary language, and conducting the exam quickly to prevent fatigue. The ECLS-B is …
The Influence Of A Social Communication Intervention On The Syntactic Complexity Of Three Children With Language Impairment, Alyse Wheeler
The Influence Of A Social Communication Intervention On The Syntactic Complexity Of Three Children With Language Impairment, Alyse Wheeler
Theses and Dissertations
Research has shown that children with language impairment (LI) exhibit difficulties with both social communication and syntax. This study analyzed the effect of a social communication intervention on syntactic development, focusing on grammatical complexity in three children with LI when enacting stories. The intervention included reading and enacting stories, playing games with picture emotion cards and journaling. Each child's mean length of terminal unit (t-unit), the number and type of subordinate clauses they produced per t-unit, and the grammaticality of their complex sentences was analyzed. While none of the children increased their mean length of t-unit or the grammaticality of …
Modeling Children's Organization Of Utterances Using Statistical Information From Adult Language Input, Katie Lynn Walker
Modeling Children's Organization Of Utterances Using Statistical Information From Adult Language Input, Katie Lynn Walker
Theses and Dissertations
Previous computerized models of child language acquisition have sought to determine how children acquire grammatical word categories (GWCs). The current study seeks to determine if statistical structure can be corroborated as a factor in GWC acquisition. Previous studies examining statistical structure have dealt with word order rather than GWC order and only examined an overall success rate. The present study examines how well a computer model of child acquisition of GWCs was able to reorganize scrambled sentences back into the correct GWC order using transitional probabilities extracted from adult language input. Overall, a 50% success rate was obtained, but when …
Speech Adaptation To Kinematic Recording Sensors, Elise Hansen Hunter
Speech Adaptation To Kinematic Recording Sensors, Elise Hansen Hunter
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis examined the time course of speech adaptation prior to data collection when using an electromagnetic articulograph to measure speech articulator movements. The stimulus sentence and electromagnetic sensor placement were designed to be sensitive to changes in the fricatives /s/ and /ʃ/. Twenty native English speakers read aloud stimulus sentences before the attachment of six electromagnetic sensors, immediately after attachment, and again at 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after attachment. Participants read aloud continuously between recordings to encourage adaptation to the presence of the sensors. Audio recordings were rated by 20 native English listeners who were not part …
Psychometrically Equivalent Trisyllabic Words For Testing Spanish Pediatric Speech Recognition Thresholds, Jessica Lee Graham
Psychometrically Equivalent Trisyllabic Words For Testing Spanish Pediatric Speech Recognition Thresholds, Jessica Lee Graham
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to use previously recorded Spanish trisyllabic words tested on adults in the measurement of the speech recognition threshold of Spanish-speaking children in order to (a) determine the words' appropriateness when testing children and (b) compare psychometric functions between adults and children. A selection of 28 frequently used trisyllabic words was chosen from previously recorded samples of male and female adult native speakers of Spanish. These words were then presented to 20 native Spanish-speaking children with normal hearing between the ages of 4 and 8 years. The words were presented starting at -5 dB HL …
Effects Of Two Gait Tasks On Language Complexity In Parkinson's Disease, Betty Ann Marquardt
Effects Of Two Gait Tasks On Language Complexity In Parkinson's Disease, Betty Ann Marquardt
Theses and Dissertations
The effects of dual tasking in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been studied for a number of years. Previous research has generally focused on changes in gait patterns while another task has been performed concurrently. Very few studies have focused on the impact of a concurrent task on speech or language. Language is key for communication: to express wants and needs, to maintain familial relationships, and for social interaction. Thirty-seven individuals participated in the study: 10 with PD, 14 neurologically healthy older (HO) adults, and 13 healthy younger (HY) adults. The participants were given a list of topics to consider and …
Semantic And Syntactic Processing In A Patient With Left Temporal Lobe Damage Secondary To Traumatic Brain Injury: An Fmri Study, Caitlin Moizer
Semantic And Syntactic Processing In A Patient With Left Temporal Lobe Damage Secondary To Traumatic Brain Injury: An Fmri Study, Caitlin Moizer
Theses and Dissertations
The ability of the brain to change and form new neuropathways after brain injury is remarkable. The current study investigates the brains ability to form new pathways for language processing following traumatic brain injury (TBI), specifically a left temporal lobectomy. Two subjects participated in this study; one participant with TBI and one age-matched control. Sentence stimuli consisted of four types: semantically correct, semantically incorrect, syntactically correct, and syntactically incorrect. Participants underwent a fMRI scan while the auditory stimuli were presented in four blocks. Participants were asked to record if the sentence was correct or incorrect by pressing the corresponding button. …
Effects Of Subglottic Stenosis And Cricotracheal Resection On Voice Production In Women, Lisa Marie Mattei
Effects Of Subglottic Stenosis And Cricotracheal Resection On Voice Production In Women, Lisa Marie Mattei
Theses and Dissertations
Subglottic stenosis (SGS) is a narrowing of the airway in the region of the cricoid cartilage below the vocal folds and above the tracheal rings. Individuals with SGS experience difficulty breathing at rest and during exertion both of which become increasingly difficult with the level of stenosis severity. Some individuals also experience negative voice changes. Individuals whose stenoses significantly impact breathing generally require medical procedures or surgery, either balloon dilation or cricotracheal resection (CTR). CTR has been shown to improve patients' ability to breathe, but it can also result in permanent vocal changes. Alternatively, balloon dilation results in similar breathing …
Collaboration Occurring Between Professionals In Today's Schools, Kara Lynn Doglio
Collaboration Occurring Between Professionals In Today's Schools, Kara Lynn Doglio
Theses and Dissertations
The collaborative service delivery model is beneficial in its approach as it allows educators and SLPs to work together to address communication impairments in naturalistic settings in order to maximize the functional potential of all students. The current utilization of collaboration as a viable service delivery option is unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify whether collaboration was occurring and with whom it was occurring. This study also sought to identify similarities and differences across four participant groups regarding perceived beliefs and reported practices in professional collaboration. While administrators took a separate survey than educators (general and special …
A Model Of Children's Acquisition Of Grammatical Word Categories From Adult Language Input Using An Adaption And Selection Algorithm, Emily Marie Berardi
A Model Of Children's Acquisition Of Grammatical Word Categories From Adult Language Input Using An Adaption And Selection Algorithm, Emily Marie Berardi
Theses and Dissertations
Previous models of language acquisition have had partial success describing the processes that children use to acquire knowledge of the grammatical categories of their native language. The present study used a computer model based on the evolutionary principles of adaptation and selection to gain further insight into children's acquisition of grammatical categories. Transcribed language samples of eight parents or caregivers each conversing with their own child served as the input corpora for the model. The model was tested on each child's language corpus three times: two fixed mutation rates as well as a progressively decreasing mutation rate, which allowed less …
The Effect Of Age, Noise Level, And Frequency On Loudness Matching Functions Of Normal Hearing Listeners With Noise Masking, Linda Titera Parrish
The Effect Of Age, Noise Level, And Frequency On Loudness Matching Functions Of Normal Hearing Listeners With Noise Masking, Linda Titera Parrish
Theses and Dissertations
Loudness recruitment is an abnormally rapid growth of perceived loudness above the hearing threshold that slows to normal growth as the intensity of the signal increases. Recruitment is common in sensorineural hearing loss and in simulated hearing loss with noise masking. This study looked at possible differences in loudness recruitment with age, noise level, and frequency. Participants from two age groups were tested. Group A included participants aged 18 to 30 years and Group B included participants aged 50 to 75 years. Participants practiced the Alternate Binaural Loudness Balance (ABLB) test without noise present. They then repeated the tests with …
Determining The Validity Of A Web-Based, Self-Rating Checklist Assessment Of Vocabulary Knowledge, Sheida Abdi
Determining The Validity Of A Web-Based, Self-Rating Checklist Assessment Of Vocabulary Knowledge, Sheida Abdi
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study is to examine the validity of a web-based, self-rating checklist of vocabulary knowledge. One hundred fifty-nine participants took two norm-referenced assessments in addition to one of three conditions of a developed self-rating checklist. Each condition employed a different combination of follow-up questions (synonym generation to verify participants’ self-ratings) and feedback for student responses (whether or not synonyms are correct). Condition 1 did not provide any follow-up questions or feedback, Condition 2 included follow-up questions and feedback, and Condition 3 presented follow-up questions but no feedback. Results show that participants moderately overestimated vocabulary knowledge. Moderate-to-high statistically …
Towards Improving The Evaluation Of Speech Production Deficits In Chronic Stroke, Artemis Alexandra Basilakos
Towards Improving The Evaluation Of Speech Production Deficits In Chronic Stroke, Artemis Alexandra Basilakos
Theses and Dissertations
One of the most devastating consequences of stroke is aphasia - a disorder that impairs communication across the domains of expressive and receptive language. In addition to language difficulties, stroke survivors may struggle with disruptions in speech motor planning and/or execution processes (i.e., a motor speech disorder, MSD). The clinical management of MSDs has been challenged by debates regarding their theoretical nature and clinical manifestations. This is especially true for differentiating speech production errors that can be attributed to aphasia (i.e., phonemic paraphasias) from lower-level motor planning/programming impairments (i.e., articulation errors that occur in apraxia of speech; AOS). Therefore, the …
Neural And Behavioral Correlates Of Planning During Vocal Motor Control, Stacey Jean Sangtian
Neural And Behavioral Correlates Of Planning During Vocal Motor Control, Stacey Jean Sangtian
Theses and Dissertations
Speech is a goal-directed movement developed to serve the purpose of human communication. During speech, the brain simultaneously coordinates complex motor behavior and sensory information for planning, execution and online monitoring for error correction in order to ensure accurate delivery of the vocal messages. Models of speech production and voice motor control have adapted the principles of the internal forward model to explain that speech sound production is controlled by comparison of internal predictions with sensory feedback. Growing evidence from studies conducted in speech and limb motor movement indicate that these sensory predictions and responsive commands are loaded in anticipation …
The Right Ear Advantage In Response To Levels Of Linguistic Complexity: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study, Elizabeth Hyatt
The Right Ear Advantage In Response To Levels Of Linguistic Complexity: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study, Elizabeth Hyatt
Theses and Dissertations
The right ear advantage (REA) phenomenon has been utilized in clinical and research settings to study auditory processing disorders and linguistic lateralization. Previous research has established that the REA is not reliable in its measures within or between individuals. This is likely due to the influence of other variables, such as neuromaturation and attention. One variable that has not been studied in depth in this context is linguistic complexity. It was hypothesized that stimulus conditions with levels of linguistic complexity would elicit corresponding levels of temporal lobe activity. Understanding and controlling the variables that affect the REA will increase the …
Story Generation In Five School-Aged Children With Language Impairment, Suzanne Tutt Jones
Story Generation In Five School-Aged Children With Language Impairment, Suzanne Tutt Jones
Theses and Dissertations
This project examined the story generations of five children with language impairment (LI) between the ages of 5;11 and 10;1 across the treatment sessions of a narrative-based intervention program designed to improve social communication. These stories were analyzed to find whether the participants would approach the task by describing the stimulus pictures or if their stories would reflect an episodic structure containing cause and effect relationships. Additionally, the stories were analyzed for inclusion of emotion words to discern the participants' awareness of the characters' emotions. There was a high degree of variability in the participants' performance; however, the majority of …