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Communication Sciences and Disorders Commons™

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Faculty Publications

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Articles 241 - 258 of 258

Full-Text Articles in Communication Sciences and Disorders

The Influence Of Pitch And Loudness Changes On The Acoustics Of Vocal Tremor, Christopher Dromey, Paul Warrick, Jonathan Irish Jan 2002

The Influence Of Pitch And Loudness Changes On The Acoustics Of Vocal Tremor, Christopher Dromey, Paul Warrick, Jonathan Irish

Faculty Publications

The effect of tremor on phonation is to modulate an otherwise steady sound source in its amplitude, fundamental frequency, or both. The severity of untreated vocal tremor has been reported to change under certain conditions that may be related to muscle tension. In order to better understand the phenomenon of vocal tremor, its acoustic properties were examined as individuals volitionally altered their pitch and loudness. These voice conditions were anticipated to alter the tension of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. The voices of 10 individuals with a diagnosis of vocal tremor were recorded before participating in a longitudinal treatment study. They …

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Vibrato Rate Adjustment, Christopher Dromey, Neisha Carter, Arden Hopkin Jan 2002

Vibrato Rate Adjustment, Christopher Dromey, Neisha Carter, Arden Hopkin

Faculty Publications

Summary: The goal of the present study was to document the acoustic changes that occur as singers attempt to increase or decrease their vibrato rate to match target stimuli. Eight advanced singing students produced vowels with vibrato in three registers, both naturally and while attempting to match faster or slower rate stimuli. Slower rates were associated with lower intensity and less steady vibrato. Faster rates involved increased vibrato extent in the chest register and increased intensity in the head register. Singers whose spontaneous vibrato rates were naturally either slower or faster tended to also be relatively slower or faster when …

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The Treatment Of Essential Voice Tremor With Botulinum Toxin A: A Longitudinal Case Report, Christopher Dromey, Paul Warrick, Jonathan Irish, Lisa Durkin Jan 2000

The Treatment Of Essential Voice Tremor With Botulinum Toxin A: A Longitudinal Case Report, Christopher Dromey, Paul Warrick, Jonathan Irish, Lisa Durkin

Faculty Publications

Summary: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of bilateral botulinum toxin injection into the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscles of a patient with essential voice tremor. Acoustic and aerodynamic data were collected weekly over a 16-week period. Flexible nasolaryngoscopy was performed prior to injection and 2, 6, 10, and 16 weeks post injection. Perceptual analyses of the acoustic and nasolaryngoscopic data were performed. A reduction in frequency tremor and, to a lesser extent, amplitude tremor was observed during the 1-10 week period. Estimated laryngeal resistance decreased after injection and was accompanied in perceptual measures by a reduction in …

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An Investigation Of The Effects Of Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation On Acoustic Measures Of Voice, Christopher Dromey, Rajeev Kumar, Anthony E. Lang, Andres M. Lozano Jan 2000

An Investigation Of The Effects Of Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation On Acoustic Measures Of Voice, Christopher Dromey, Rajeev Kumar, Anthony E. Lang, Andres M. Lozano

Faculty Publications

Summary: Seven patients with Parkinson’s disease were implanted with deep brain stimulators to provide chronic electrical stimulation to the subthalamic nucleus bilaterally. Acoustic recordings and neurologic assessments were undertaken before surgery in the medication-off and medication-on conditions and after surgery with and without electrical stimulation in the medication off and medication-on conditions. The data showed significant improvements in limb motor performance in response to medication before surgery and when the subthalamic nucleus was stimulated after surgery. Six months after surgery, there were small but statistically significant increases in sound pressure level and fundamental frequency variability in response to stimulation in …

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Botulinum Toxin For Essential Tremor Of The Voice With Multiple Anatomical Sites Of Tremor: A Crossover Design Study Of Unilateral Versus Bilateral Injection, Christopher Dromey, Paul Warrick, Jonathan C. Irish, Lisa Durkin, Anthony Parkiam, Anthony Lang Jan 2000

Botulinum Toxin For Essential Tremor Of The Voice With Multiple Anatomical Sites Of Tremor: A Crossover Design Study Of Unilateral Versus Bilateral Injection, Christopher Dromey, Paul Warrick, Jonathan C. Irish, Lisa Durkin, Anthony Parkiam, Anthony Lang

Faculty Publications

Objectives/Hypothesis: To evaluate the relative efficacy of unilateral and bilateral injections of botulinum toxin injection (BOTOX) in the treatment of essential tremor of the voice (ETV). Study Design: Prospective open-label crossover study. Methods: Patients referred to the Neurolaryngology Clinic at Toronto General Hospital with a diagnosis of ETV were eligible for the study. Patients were sequentially as-signed to receive BOTOX as either a bilateral 2.5-U or a unilateral 15-U electromyography-guided injection, followed by the alternative injection 16 to 18 weeks later. Acoustic, aerodynamic, and nasopharyngoscopic data were collected approximately 2, 6, 10, and16 weeks after each injection. Patients were asked …

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Acoustic And Perceptual Improvements In Tracheoesophageal Voice Using A Neck Strap, Christopher Dromey, Carol Kapusta-Shemie Jan 1999

Acoustic And Perceptual Improvements In Tracheoesophageal Voice Using A Neck Strap, Christopher Dromey, Carol Kapusta-Shemie

Faculty Publications

Tracheoesophageal (TE) speech, which relies on pulmonary air directed through a one-way valve from the trachea to the esophagus, has become an effective means of voice restoration for many alaryngeal speakers. Whereas the success rate for TE speech has been reported to reach 80% to 90%, complications are not uncommon. In a few cases, pouching of the neck at the level of the neoglottis has been observed. This has previously been reported to negatively affect functional communication, and has been associated with a flaccid or hypnotic vibratory segment. The application of pressure, either manually or by way of a neck …

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Approximations Of Open Quotient And Speed Quotient From Glottal Airflow And Egg Waveforms: Effects Of Measurement Criteria And Sound Pressure Level, Christopher Dromey, Christine M. Sapienza, Elaine T. Stathopoulos Jan 1998

Approximations Of Open Quotient And Speed Quotient From Glottal Airflow And Egg Waveforms: Effects Of Measurement Criteria And Sound Pressure Level, Christopher Dromey, Christine M. Sapienza, Elaine T. Stathopoulos

Faculty Publications

Summary: Noninvasive measures of vocal fold activity are useful for describing normal and disordered voice production. Measures of open and speed quotient from glottal airflow and electroglottographic (EGG) waveforms have been used to describe timing events associated with vocal fold vibration. To date, there has been little consistency in the measurement criteria used to calculate quotient values. In this study, criteria of 20% and 50% were applied to the AC amplitude of glottal airflow and inverted EGG waveforms for measurement of open quotient. Criteria of 20%, 50%, and 80%, and a midslope criterion that segmented the waveform between 20% and …

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Intentional Changes In Sound Pressure Level And Rate: Their Impact On Measures Of Respiration, Phonation, And Articulation, Christopher Dromey, Lorraine Olson Ramig Jan 1998

Intentional Changes In Sound Pressure Level And Rate: Their Impact On Measures Of Respiration, Phonation, And Articulation, Christopher Dromey, Lorraine Olson Ramig

Faculty Publications

The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of changing sound pressure level (SPL) and rate on respiratory, phonatory, and articulatory behavior during sentence production. Ten subjects, 5 men and 5 women, repeated the sentence, "I sell a sapapple again," under 5 SPL and 5 rate conditions. From a multi-channel recording, measures were made of lung volume (LV), SPL, fundamental frequency (F0), semitone standard deviation (STSD), and upper and lower lip displacements and peak velocities. Loud speech led to increases in LV initiation, LV termination, F0, STSD, and articulatory displacements and peak velocities for both lips. Token-to-token variability …

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The Ability Of Children With Specific Language Impairment To Participate In A Group Decision Task, Lee Robinson, Martin Fujiki, Bonnie Brinton, Valyne J. Watson Jan 1997

The Ability Of Children With Specific Language Impairment To Participate In A Group Decision Task, Lee Robinson, Martin Fujiki, Bonnie Brinton, Valyne J. Watson

Faculty Publications

This study examined the ability of 6 children with specific language impairment (SLI), ages 8:10 to 12:5 (years; months), to participate in a group negotiation task. Each child interacted with two peers to select toys that children their age would enjoy. Performance was compared to both chronological age-similar (CS) peers and language similar (LS) peers performing the same task. Analyses of the resulting interactions indicated that subjects with SLI produced significantly fewer utterances than the other children in the triad. Similar differences were not observed in the CS or LS triads. Additionally, significantly fewer utterances were addressed to the children …

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The Ability Of Children With Specific Language Impairment To Access And Participate In An Ongoing Interaction, Lee Robinson, Martin Fujiki, Julie Campbell Spencer Jan 1997

The Ability Of Children With Specific Language Impairment To Access And Participate In An Ongoing Interaction, Lee Robinson, Martin Fujiki, Julie Campbell Spencer

Faculty Publications

This study investigated the ability of 6 children with specific language impairment (SLI), ages 8;10 to 12;5 (years;months), to enter and participate in an ongoing dyadic interaction. Performance was compared to that of 6 chronological age-matched (CA) peers and 6 language-similar (LS) peers. All children in the LS and CA groups successfully accessed the interaction, and most did so quickly. Two children from the SLI group did not access, and the 4 remaining subjects required varying amounts of time to access. Following successful access, the triadic interactions of subjects were examined. The accessing children with SU talked significantly less, were …

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The Parkinson Larynx: Tremor And Videostroboscopic Findings, Christopher Dromey, Kathe S. Perez, Lorraine Olson Ramig, Marshall E. Smith Jan 1996

The Parkinson Larynx: Tremor And Videostroboscopic Findings, Christopher Dromey, Kathe S. Perez, Lorraine Olson Ramig, Marshall E. Smith

Faculty Publications

Summary: Patients with Parkinson's disease have a high incidence of speech, voice, and laryngeal abnormalities. To characterize laryngeal abnormalities, visual-perceptual ratings of endoscopic and stroboscopic examinations of 22 patients diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and 7 patients with Parkinson's-plus syndromes were carried out by four trained viewers. Incidence of tremor, tremor location, phase closure, phase symmetry, amplitude, and mucosal waveform were scored. Tremor was observed in one or more of these conditions--rest, normal pitch and loudness, or loud phonation--for most of the 29 patients. Fifty-five percent of the idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients had tremor, with the primary location being vertical …

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Methazolamide For Essential Voice Tremor, Christopher Dromey, Karen Busenbark, L Ramig, William C. Koller Jan 1996

Methazolamide For Essential Voice Tremor, Christopher Dromey, Karen Busenbark, L Ramig, William C. Koller

Faculty Publications

We studied the safety and efficacy of methazolamide (average dose 168 mg/day) in a placebo-controlled blinded investigation in nine patients with essential voice tremor. There were no significant differences for physician or patient clinical rating scores. Digital audio tape recordings showed no difference for amplitude modulation, but frequency modulation was significantly altered by methazolamide. Side effects were common with the drug. We conclude that methazolamide has limited usefulness in the treatment of essential voice tremor.

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Aerodynamic Mechanisms Underlying Treatment-Related Changes In Vocal Intensity In Patients With Parkinson Disease, Christopher Dromey, Lorraine Olson Ramig Jan 1996

Aerodynamic Mechanisms Underlying Treatment-Related Changes In Vocal Intensity In Patients With Parkinson Disease, Christopher Dromey, Lorraine Olson Ramig

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to document changes in aerodynamic and glottographic aspects of vocal function in patients with Parkinson disease who received two forms of high effort treatment. Previous reports (Ramig, Countryman, Thompson, & Horii, 1995) have documented increased sound pressure level (SPL) following treatment that trained phonation and respiration (Lee Silverman Voice Treatment: LSVT), but not for treatment that trained respiration only (R). In order to examine the mechanisms underlying these differences, measures of maximum flow declination rate (MFDR) and estimated subglottal pressure (Psub)were made before and after treatment. A measure of relative vocal fold adduction (EGGW) …

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Phonatory And Articulatory Changes Associated With Increased Vocal Intensity In Parkinson Disease: A Case Study, Christopher Dromey, Lorraine Olson Ramig, Antonia B. Johnson Jan 1995

Phonatory And Articulatory Changes Associated With Increased Vocal Intensity In Parkinson Disease: A Case Study, Christopher Dromey, Lorraine Olson Ramig, Antonia B. Johnson

Faculty Publications

This study examined changes in voice and speech production in a patient with Parkinson disease as he increased vocal intensity following 1 month of intensive voice treatment. Phonatory function and articulatory acoustic measures were made before and after treatment as well as 6 and 12 months later. Pre- to post-treatment increases were documented in sound pressure level in sustained phonation, syllable repetition, reading, and monologue. Consistent with mechanisms of intensity change reported in normal speakers, corresponding improvements were measured in estimated subglottal pressure, maximum flow declination rate, laryngeal airway resistance, open quotient, EGGW-25, harmonic-spectral slope, and maximum vowel duration. Measures …

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Intensive Voice Treatment In Parkinson Disease: Laryngostroboscopic Findings, Christopher Dromey, Marshall E. Smith, Lorraine Olson Ramig, Kathe S. Perez, Raz Samandari Jan 1995

Intensive Voice Treatment In Parkinson Disease: Laryngostroboscopic Findings, Christopher Dromey, Marshall E. Smith, Lorraine Olson Ramig, Kathe S. Perez, Raz Samandari

Faculty Publications

Summary: As part of ongoing research to investigate and document the efficacy of intensive voice therapy to improve functional communication in patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease, 45 patients were enrolled in a controlled, randomized, prospective study. Pre- to posttreatment comparisons are presented here on 22 of those patients who underwent laryngeal imaging examination. Of the 22 patients, 13 patients received intensive therapy aimed at increasing vocal and respiratory effort (VR), whereas nine received intensive therapy aimed at increasing respiratory effort (R) only. All patients had a pretreatment evaluation that included two (but sometimes only one) voice recordings and an otolaryngologic …

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Measurement Accuracy Of The Glottal Enterprises Pneumotachograph System, Christopher Dromey, Ronald C. Scherer, Chen-Geng Guo Jan 1993

Measurement Accuracy Of The Glottal Enterprises Pneumotachograph System, Christopher Dromey, Ronald C. Scherer, Chen-Geng Guo

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Aerodynamic And Acoustic Changes Following Intensive Voice Therapy For Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Case Study, Christopher Dromey, Lorraine O. Ramig, Ronald Scherer Jan 1993

Aerodynamic And Acoustic Changes Following Intensive Voice Therapy For Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Case Study, Christopher Dromey, Lorraine O. Ramig, Ronald Scherer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Glottal Airflow And Electroglottographic Measures Of Vocal Function At Multiple Intensities, Christopher Dromey, Elaine T. Stathopouloss, Christine M. Sapienza Jan 1992

Glottal Airflow And Electroglottographic Measures Of Vocal Function At Multiple Intensities, Christopher Dromey, Elaine T. Stathopouloss, Christine M. Sapienza

Faculty Publications

Summary: Ten normal female subjects produced syllables at 5 dB increments from soft to loud. The differentiated electroglottogram (dEGG) open and speed quotients were compared to similar quotients from the inverse-filtered airflow waveform. The latter were measured according to objective and subjective criteria. The data indicate that the open quotient from the airflow waveform decreased as the intensity increased. The dEGG open quotient did not demonstrate this trend. The speed quotient from airflow increased initially with vocal intensity and decreased again as the intensity ceiling was approached. The ratio of closing to opening slopes calculated from peaks in the dEGG …

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