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Communication Sciences and Disorders Commons

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Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

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Articles 31 - 47 of 47

Full-Text Articles in Communication Sciences and Disorders

The Production And Transcription Of Syllabic Stress In Young Children, Diane Marie Brammer Jan 1988

The Production And Transcription Of Syllabic Stress In Young Children, Diane Marie Brammer

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The reliability of listeners' transcription of young children's syllable stress has not been the focus of any experimental study. Goffman (1985) reported poor reliability between listeners' judgments of syllable stress productions by two-year-old children. Two possible reasons for the poor reliability were hypothesized. First, the children may not have been consistently altering the acoustic parameters which signal stress (fundamental frequency, intensity, and duration). Second, listeners may have focused upon different acoustic parameters when making their judgments. The purpose of the present two-part study was to initiate the study of adult transcription of children's production of stress in words. Experiment I …


Locus Of Control And Self-Perceptions Of Stuttering Severity In Adult Stutterers Versus Nonstuttering Peers, Rebecca Lynn Hansen Jan 1987

Locus Of Control And Self-Perceptions Of Stuttering Severity In Adult Stutterers Versus Nonstuttering Peers, Rebecca Lynn Hansen

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

One purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between locus of control and stuttering severity among adult stutterers. A second purpose was to determine if locus of controI orientation was different for stutterers compared to their nonstuttering peers. Six teen stutterers and sixteen nonstutterers from across the United States participated. They were matched according to age, sex, and educational level. The two groups of subjects completed two locus of control scales: The Rotter Internal-External Locus of Control Scale (Rotter, 1966) and the Locus of Control of Behaviour Scale (LCB : Craig, Franklin, & Andrews, 1984) . The stuttering …


Vocal Stress Patterns And Stuttering: A Study Of Predictive Value, Julie Anne Christy Jan 1986

Vocal Stress Patterns And Stuttering: A Study Of Predictive Value, Julie Anne Christy

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The relationship between stuttering and linguistic stress was observed within four adult stutterers. A specially designed test passage was read by each of the subjects five successive times. The passage contained 18 test syllables, nine were stressed and nine were non-stressed as indicated by dictionary diacritical markings. Six measurements of acoustic indicators of stress, including fundamental frequency, intensity, and duration, were obtained for each subject for the fluent adapted productions of the test syllables and the immediately preceding syllables. Correlated t-tests were computed to determine if significant differences existed between stressed and non-stressed phonetically matched syllables for each of the …


Speech-Language Clinicians’ Responses To Client Progress, Cheryl Lynn Ferguson Jan 1986

Speech-Language Clinicians’ Responses To Client Progress, Cheryl Lynn Ferguson

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Training institutions for speech-language pathologists endeavor to provide student clinicians with a wide variety of academic and clinical experiences. To that end, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) also requires that students receive sufficient exposure to a wide variety of speech-language disorders in order to meet certification requirements. However, the notion that student clinicians should experience successful dismissal is not addressed by training institutions or the literature. The purpose of this investigation was to determine under what conditions students at the University of Northern Iowa (UNI) Speech and Hearing Clinic dismiss clients and to find out how many of them experience …


The Effects Of Artistic Three Dimensionality On Preschoolers’ Perception Of Line Drawings, Barbara Lynn Froyen Jan 1985

The Effects Of Artistic Three Dimensionality On Preschoolers’ Perception Of Line Drawings, Barbara Lynn Froyen

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of the study was to compare different forms of stimuli for eliciting children's knowledge of their language. The study compared black-and-white drawings employing cues to depth, movement, and form. Pictures from various commercially available receptive and expressive language tests were selected. Three-dimensional representations of the same linguistic concepts were developed by the investigator. Selected test stimuli and their three-dimensional counterparts were administered to 30 preschool-age children. Responses to both stimuli were judged as correct or incorrect by the scoring conventions of the test from which the items were selected. Study results indicated that within each dimension tested, pictures …


Response Latency In Fluent And Disfluent Preschoolers, Sue Ann Kenlee Hook Jan 1985

Response Latency In Fluent And Disfluent Preschoolers, Sue Ann Kenlee Hook

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of the study was to investigate the possibility that disfluent preschoolers manifest a more impulsive cognitive tempo as compared to a language-matched control group of subjects. Nine disfluent and nine control subjects responded to two tasks designed to measure response latency from which a measure of impulsiveness could be determined. One was a classic match-to-sample figures task and the other involved verbal descriptions of ·irregularities represented in a set of pictures. Response latencies (in ms) and the number of errors made were tallied for the first task and response latencies were measured in 1/100 second for the second …


Performance Of Aphasic Listeners On An Expanded Rtt Subtest Presented Verbally And Non-Verbally, Ann Elizabeth Folkestad Jan 1984

Performance Of Aphasic Listeners On An Expanded Rtt Subtest Presented Verbally And Non-Verbally, Ann Elizabeth Folkestad

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

A controversy exists in the literature concerning the nature of aphasia. Some authorities believe that aphasia involves a loss of the linguistic elements of language. Other investigators maintain that aphasia is a performance deficit founded in a reduced ability to use essentially-preserved linguistic competence. This study addressed aspects of the above controversy. Asked specifically was the question of whether the mechanism underlying aphasia involves a neurolinguistic loss and thus, is specific to language, or alternately, involves a non-language specific interference with the accessing of retained capacity. This investigation examined the following issues: whether there are one or several patterns of …


The Generalization Of The Reduction Of Stopping To Untrained Phonemes Following Syllable Practice, Lynn K. Grimes Jan 1982

The Generalization Of The Reduction Of Stopping To Untrained Phonemes Following Syllable Practice, Lynn K. Grimes

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

This investigation was concerned with the generalization which occurred from trained to untrained phonemes in which the process of stopping was operating. Two male subjects aged 5-3 and 4-0, who used the process of stopping, were chosen for this study on the basis of an examination of their articulation errors and the results of ten 15- word deep tests. A 48-item probe test, to assess the frequency of stopping for selected phonemes, was administered three times to establish baseline. Syllable practice was then conducted with four phonemes for each subject alternating between practice on a single phoneme and practice on …


A Perceptual Study Of Emotion In Esophageal Speech, Charles Carlisle Ellis Jan 1978

A Perceptual Study Of Emotion In Esophageal Speech, Charles Carlisle Ellis

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

This study was designed to investigate the perceivability of emotion in esophageal speech. Specifically, the questions under study were: (1) Are naive listeners able to accurately perceive emotional intention from auditory samples of esophageal speech? (2) Are the listeners' judgments of emotion from esophageal speech made with as much confidence as similar judgments made on normal laryngeal speech? A perceptual paradigm was utilized in which listeners made emotion judgments from speech samples of one laryngeal and one esophageal speaker. Two master audiotape recordings were constructed. Each contained a listening corpus of 75 randomly distributed grammatically complete, content-constant sentences. Each audiotape …


Perception And Production Of /R/ In Four-Year-Old Children: A Comparison Of Two Points In Time, Mary Pamela Hauser Jan 1975

Perception And Production Of /R/ In Four-Year-Old Children: A Comparison Of Two Points In Time, Mary Pamela Hauser

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The literature suggests a relationship between the perception and production of speech sounds. Data has been gathered from normal and sound-defective children who were three years, five years, and older. No comparative research has been done with four-year-old children. Furthermore, no longitudinal data has been gathered on a single group of children. This study was essentially a replication of the Bronsema (1974) research. Specifically, it compared the self-perception and other-perception performances of Bronsema's research population, in 1975, the year following the Bronsema study. The examiner tested the children, who were now four years old, and compared the 1975 inter-group results, …


The Immediate Recall Performance Of Language Deviant Children For Three Kinds Of Verbal Materials, Donna L. De Shaw Jan 1974

The Immediate Recall Performance Of Language Deviant Children For Three Kinds Of Verbal Materials, Donna L. De Shaw

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Current research on language deviant children has included studies of two facets of short term memory-span and accuracy. Investigators have found the language deviant have shorter spans, and that they reproduce material with errors. Menyuk (1969) hypothesized that the difficulty lay either "in their short term memory capacity or the perceptual devices used" (p. 155). Weiner (1972) listed a number of possible sources of difficulty in repeating material including the manipulation of verbal symbols. Such manipulation may fit the encoding process of Aaronson's (1967) model of short term memory which includes an "encoding" stage where items are readied for retention …


A Study Of Latency Of Response In A Speech Sound Discrimination Task, Constance R. Heaton Jan 1973

A Study Of Latency Of Response In A Speech Sound Discrimination Task, Constance R. Heaton

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The results of many traditional speech sound discrimination studies have been inconclusive as to the relationship between articulation skill and discrimination ability . Further , these results have allowed researchers to only speculate as to the nature of the cognitive processing involved in making a choice decision . Recently some investigators in speech pathology have measured reaction time in speech sound discrimination studies . The results suggest that reaction time can be useful in the analysis of item difficulty as related to errors in discrimination. The purpose of the present study was to compare on a "same" - "different" sound …


Warble Tone As An Audiometric Stimulus, Gary Dean Dockum Jan 1973

Warble Tone As An Audiometric Stimulus, Gary Dean Dockum

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The warble tone, as an auditory stimulus, is apparently being used in a number of clinical settings. However, it is being used without knowledge of possible threshold differences which may exist between it and the pure tone stimulus. Recent studies comparing the two stimuli have been limited to extremely small samples and to only trained listeners. Also, they provide mostly theoretical information based on the effect of various warble parameters on warble tone thresholds. The purpose of the present study was to compare obtained pure tone and warble tone thresholds for a large group of normal-hearing inexperienced listeners while using …


A Study Of The Effects Of The Concepts “Same” And “Different” Upon The Speech Sound Discrimination Test Performances Of Children Of Various Ages, Barbara Beving Jan 1971

A Study Of The Effects Of The Concepts “Same” And “Different” Upon The Speech Sound Discrimination Test Performances Of Children Of Various Ages, Barbara Beving

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Training in speech sound discrimination may be an important part of some speech therapy and language development programs. In order to determine the nature of the training required, it is necessary to evaluate an individual's ability to discriminate between speech sounds. A variety of tests have been designed for this purpose. A review of the tests indicates that in one type of test the responses are based on the concepts "same" and "different". Recent studies suggest that the ability of an individual to perform at these tests may be affected by the use of the concepts. This study explored the …


A Study Of Personality Problems And Vocal Nodules In Children, William Lee Glassell Jan 1971

A Study Of Personality Problems And Vocal Nodules In Children, William Lee Glassell

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The investigator found several children with vocal nodules in the schools he served. A review of the literature revealed that vocal abuse is the commonly considered etiology of vocal nodules. Vocal abuse did not fit several of the children who tended to be quiet and withdrawn. A further review of the literature was instituted in an attempt to find some feature of commonality between quiet children and noisy children which could explain why quiet children develop vocal nodules. Several authors discussed functional voice disorders as the result of personality problems. Few, however, related their conclusions directly to vocal nodules. The …


The Performance Of Trained And Untrained Listeners In Rating Defective /R/ Along A Continuum, Mary Ann Dostal Jan 1967

The Performance Of Trained And Untrained Listeners In Rating Defective /R/ Along A Continuum, Mary Ann Dostal

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Modification of deviant speech patterns begins with identification of the factors responsible for the deviancy. Agreement between speech clinicians (trained listeners) and parents and teachers (untrained listeners) on the nature of errors may be important in a successful clinical services program. Previous studies investigated differences between trained and untrained listeners in the number of "correct-incorrect" decisions they made about speech sounds. This study dealt with the ability of listeners to rate defective /r/ sounds along a r--w continuum. Two groups of listeners were used; a trained group made up of twelve graduate speech clinicians enrolled in a summer session at …


Critical Analyses Of Selected One-Act Plays For Use In Junior High School, Alice Margaret Hayes Jan 1961

Critical Analyses Of Selected One-Act Plays For Use In Junior High School, Alice Margaret Hayes

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Production of plays and participation in plays should be integral parts of the junior high school program today, and there is a need for a critical analysis of plays of value and worth to the age-group that comprises the enrollment in a junior high school (ages 12-14). Lists of plays are available for the senior high school and for the elementary school but few studies have been made of plays suitable for the junior high school. There is no known analysis of such plays; hence, the need for this study. To know what is meant by plays of value and …