Communication Sciences and Disorders Commons^™

The Application Of Automated Programmed Instruction To The Modification Of Auditory Processing In The Aphasic Patient, Cara Anderson

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

A review of the literature suggests that treatment of the aphasic patient, particularly in the area of auditory input has been and is inadequate at this time. Improved methods of diagnosing and evaluating the levels of communicative ability of aphasic patients, indicate that newly developed techniques would seem to be appropriate for the treatment of auditory input deficits.

The present study, therefore, was designed to investigate two questions: (1) is operant conditioned, programmed instruction as designed and instrumented in this study, a useful and mechanically feasible approach to the treatment of aphasia and (2) are operant conditioned programmed instruction methods …

Ear Lateralization For Time Compressed Rhymed Word Sequences: Primacy And Recency Effects, Janet Lee Patterson

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

Primacy and recency effects for lateralized time compressed rhyme sequences were investigated. Subjects were forty normal hearing, right handed, young adult listeners. Stimuli were 0% and 60% time compressed five word rhyme sequences presented with no masking and contralateral multitalker masking. Item errors and order errors were counted for each position in the rhyme word sequences. A series of analyses of variance were computed for paired differences of positions in the sequences for each ear and error type to assess differential primacy and recency effects.

Mercury Strain Gauge Assessment Of Lung Volume Partitions During Speech, Michael Susca

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

The primary purpose of this study was to see if the mercury strain gauge could be used to assess lung volume partitions from chest wall motions. The air supply within any given lung volume provides the basic foundation upon which speech respiratory events rest. By assessing lung volumes in speech, the speech clinician is aided in the diagnosis and treatment of inappropriate uses of speech respiration. Although lung volumes have been assessed by a variety of instrumentation, only the respirometer has been widely used in speech physiology research. The major disadvantages of the respirometer over the mercury strain gauge are: …

An Examination Of The Clinical Efficiency Of Three Indexes Of Functional Hearing Loss, Debra Jane Giomi

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

In an investigation of the efficiency of typical Type V criteria (Rintelmann and Harford, 1967), atypical Type V criteria (Rotondi, 1976), and LOT-Bekesy audiometry (Rattler, 1970), Rotondi (1976) found atypical Type V Bekesy criteria to be the most efficient in the detection of functionality. Increasing the attenuation rate and sweep speed, and reducing the sweep frequency range em­ployed by Rotondi (1976) reduces total bilateral Bekesy testing time from 24 to eight minutes, still allowing for application of atypical and typical Type V criteria. It was one objective of this study to determine if a clinical­ly significant change was effected on …

A Comparison Between Modality Acquisition In Children And Modality Reacquisition In Adult Aphasic Patients, Marina Kartas

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

A review of the literature reveals speculation as to whether the communicative behaviors of adult aphasic patients bear some relationship to the communicative performances displayed by children. It has been purported that adult aphasic patients may regress to earlier levels of language behavior. These earlier levels have been likened to the communicative abilities of children. Although a variety of methods of assessing language abilities exist, this information is confined either to the description of adult language ability or to children's language ability but not to both. The present study, therefore, was designed:

1. to investigate the relationships between overall ability …

Processing Demands During Auditory Learning Under Degraded Listening Conditions, David Wayne Downs

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

Recent research has demonstrated that auditory learning can be adversely affected when performed under degraded listening conditions. Perhaps the most common of these degraded listening conditions are environments of moderate intensity noise, such as found in the class­room or in the home. A second degraded listening condition occurs when the speech signal is heard at a reduced intensity. This situation is experienced by the hearing impaired individual. That reduced speech intensity and/or noise can have detrimental effects upon learning has been almost exclusively attributed, by audiologists, to impaired signal intelligibility. The present study (which controlled for high speech intelligibility) investigated …

Inter- And Intra-Judge Reliability Of Four Articulation Tests, Lydia Pearl Evans

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

Assessment of articulatory productions is usually accomplished with picture stimuli to elicit responses from young subjects. The levels of scoring phonemes on articulation tests are two-way (correct/incorrect), four-way (correct, distortion, substitution and omission) or by narrow phonetic transcription. The stimuli presented range from scoring one phoneme in a one word response (Templin Darley Test of Articulation, 1960) to scoring one phoneme in different contexts across word boundaries (McDonald Deep Test of Articulation, 1964) to scoring several phonemes in a one word response (Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation, 1969) to scoring several phonemes as the subject repeats a story to the examiner …

Bekesy Audiometry In The Detection Of Nonorganic Hearing Loss, Paula Elizabeth Rotondi

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

Numerous investigators have utilized Bekesy audiometry in the detection of nonorganic hearing loss. The efficiency with which Bekesy audiometry detects nonorganicity has varied according to the method of Bekesy test administration and the definition of the Type V nonorganic pattern. Rintelmann and Harford’s Type V definition and the LOT- (Lengthened Off-Time) Bekesy test have emerged as valuable nonorganicity detectors. However, more recent research (Citron & Reddell, 1976; Sedge, 1974) has found these methods to be considerably less worthwhile than originally reported, The first purpose of this study was to devise an efficient means for utilizing Bekesy audiometry in the detection …

Shared Perceptions Between College Teacher And Student, Mary West Otero

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

The Problem. Previous research concerned with teacher-student relationships indicates that teacher accuracy of perception about students facilitates effective teaching; however, most studies focused exclusively on teacher perceptions of students' affective dimension. Given college professors' interest in students' cognitive dimension, the purpose of this investigation was to compare the accuracy of perceptions between professors and students at the University of New Mexico about students' cognitive and affective dimensions. Procedure. Twenty-one male professors and 180 students at the University of New Mexico completed a questionnaire based on the Interpersonal Perception Method (IPM) adapted from Laing, Phillipson, and Lee (1966). The 21 professors, …

Oral Sensation And Related Vocal Parameters As A Function Of Age, Jayne P. Merrill

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

Previous research has established relationships between chronological age and performance on an oral stereognostic task and between chronological age and perceived age estimates. Based on these findings, it is plausible that a relationship may exist between perceived age estimates and performance on an oral stereognostic task. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship, if any, between perceived age estimates and oral stereognostic performance. In addition, as all previous research in these two areas had utilized male subjects only, male vs. female performance on oral stereognosis was also examined. To substantiate previous findings, the relationship between perceived age estimates …

A Comparison Of Language Delayed And Non-Language Delayed Children On A Dichotic Cv Syllable Listening Task, Mary Sharon Nilson

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

Numerous investigations have reported that normal listeners show a right ear preference for dichotically presented speech stimuli. This preference depends on the fact that the left hemisphere is dominant for speech. Performances of non-language delayed children tend to reveal the expected right-ear advantage, even though inter-subject variability is observed. Language delayed subjects exhibit rather unpredictable performances ranging from a lack of ear preference to a left-ear advantage. The primary purpose of this investigation was to compare the performance of a group of language delayed children with a group of non-language delayed children, on a dichotic CV syllable listening task. The …

Test-Retest Performance Of Males And Females On A Verbal Dichotic Listening Task, Linda Kay Johnson

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

Previous research has established that when two speech signals are presented dichotically, normal listeners tend to report those stimuli presented to the right ear more accurately than those presented to the left. This has generally been interpreted as reflecting the primacy of contralateral auditory pathways and left hemisphere dominance for language function. Although many dimensions of the dichotic listening procedure have been subjected to experimental manipulation, little attention has been directed toward the investigation of performance differences between males and females or the reliability with which listeners perform. The present study was designed to examine these two areas more closely, …

The Effect Of Favorable Video Feedback On A Person's Self Concept, Antonio B. Rey

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

Previous research concerned with the relationship between video feedback and self concept indicates that video feedback can affect a person’s perception of self. Based on self concept theories which suggest that positive or negative evaluations from others tend to become self-evaluations, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of video feedback, self-appraised as favorable, on o person's self concept.

Right-Left Visual Field Performances Of Congenitally Deaf And Normal Hearing Subjects, Merle Applebaum-Rosenberg

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

The notion of cerebral dominance has been explored since the time of Broca. Two non-invasive techniques designed to assess hemispheric dominance have subsequently been developed. These two methods are commonly referred to as dichotic listening (simultaneous auditory stimulation) and rapid visual field stimulation (tachistoscopic viewing).

It has been found in dichotic listening studies that when verbal material is presented simultaneously to both ears, the stimuli are correctly identified most often in the right ear. Similar results have been found in tachistoscopic studies, with verbal material eliciting a right visual field advantage. Collectively, these findings have been used to support a …

A Comparison Of Aphasic And Non-Brain Injured Adults On A Dichotic Cv-Syllable Listening Task, Janet E. Shanks

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

Normal listeners traditionally show a right ear preference for dichotically presented speech stimuli, and a left ear preference for dichotically presented non-speech stimuli. Although some inter-subject variability is observed within and between groups of non-brain damaged subjects, the performance of the group as a whole is rather predictable and homogeneous. However, results from experiments in which brain damaged subjects have been studied have been less straightforward. Although left brain damaged subjects have consistently shown a bilateral deficit in reporting dichotic speech stimuli, a great deal of variability in performance is observed within the groups. Further study of brain damaged individuals, …

A Comparison Of Two Methods Of Speech Reception Threshold Measurement, Richard Allen Oge

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

In an attempt to discover the current methods being utilized in clinical audiology, Martin and Pennington (1971) surveyed a large number of audiologists concerning their administration of the hearing tests available to them. One of the findings of this survey indicates that a number of different procedures are being used to obtain the speech

reception threshold (SRT). This fact strongly suggest that the SRT estimate obtained on a given subject may vary between clinics, not because of the subject's hearing sensitivity but because of the audiologist and his procedure of acquiring this measure.

Alternate Monaural Loudness Balance For Tones With Different Duty Cycles, Sharon Ann Dixon

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

The effect of duty cycle, or the percentage of time a signal is presented, upon the perceived loudness of a pulsed tone was studied utilizing an alternate monaural loudness balance technique. The single ear was employed in an attempt to eliminate any possible artifacts of binaural interaction upon the perceived loudness of pulsed signals.

The factors under investigation included: the difference in duty cycle between a fixed-intensity reference signal and a variable-intensity comparison signal; the use of a relatively high versus a relatively low duty cycle reference signal; and the effect of time after commencement of the loudness balances. Differences …

Verbal Operant Conditioning And Response-Reinforcement Contingency Awareness, Val R. Smith

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

The following problem was investigated: can persons be conditioned to emit a verbal response without their awareness of the response-reinforcement contingency? It was hypothesized that when a “set to problem solve,” is not induced and experimenter effect due to the subject­experimenter interaction is eliminated, subjects are conditioned to emit a verbal response without an accompanying contingency awareness. Three experiments were conducted in order to test the hypothesis. In experiment 1 an attempt was made to condition vocal response length using a visual reinforcer. In experiments 2 and 3 an attempt was made to condition use of specific pronouns using a …

An Assessment Of Gestural And Pantomimic Deficit In Aphasic Patients, Len W. Pickett

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

A review of the literature suggests two explanations for gestural deficits in the aphasic patient. One view of the problem suggests that gestural impairment in the aphasic patient is related to a general communicative deficit. Another concept of the problem which has received more scientific support suggests that gestural deficit is secondary to a limb apraxia and is quite independent of the severity of aphasia.

The present study, therefore, was designed to investigate three primary questions:

1. Can a gestural test battery be developed which can reliably measure the gestural ability of aphasic patients?

2. Is there a relationship between …

The Rhetorical Invention Of Roy Wilkins In Selected Civil Rights Speeches, Thomas Johnson

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

Roy Wilkins, Executive Director of the National Asso­ciation for the Advancement of Colored People, has been in the foreground of the Civil Rights Movement since 1923, when he was secretary of the St. Paul NAACP and a delegate to his first national NAACP convention in Kansas City. He has delivered speeches in every state in the United States and many foreign countries. He has received numerous awards for his services, including the Medal of Freedom, the coun­try's highest civil honor. The purpose of this investigation was to study the rhetorical invention of Roy Wilkins to determine to what extent this …

Development And Fabrication Of A Linguapalatometer, William H. Grisham

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

This thesis study was the design and fabrication of a prototype linguapalatometer as a basic research tool in speech physiology. The system was designed to have maximum flexibility and to be capable of measuring linguapalatal articulation during continuous speech with high temporal and spatial resolution. Specifically, the study was an attempt to:

1. Design and fabricate a prototype artificial palate and electrode array of optimum thickness, complexity and materials of construction for accurate observation of linguapalatal speech physiology.

2. Design and fabricate a prototype amplifier and signal conditioner unit that permits discrimination between linguapalatal contact and physiologic “noise” such as …

Demographic, Personality And Nonverbal Perception Correlates Of Communication Sensitivity, William Patrick Neal

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

The general purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of demographic, personality and nonverbal perception variables to communication sensitivity. The examination concerned the relative linearity or non-linearity and the statistical significance of each relationship. The specific purpose of this study was to establish the concurrent validity of the UNM Conversation Self-Report Inventory. The Conversation Inventory was used as the measure of communication sensitivity in this study. The demographic variables were measured by the Demographic Questionnaire designed by this author. The Questionnaire provided demographic information ranging from age, sex, etc. to attitude toward the future and political beliefs. Three …

A Dissonance Approach To Persuasion, Robert Wayne Norton

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

What moves is the essence of persuasion theory. Consequently, motivation theories interest the theorist examining persuasion theory. The theory of cognitive dissonance, in particular, suggests a meaningful approach to persuasion which offers both pragmatic and theoretical insights. Festinger’s theory of cognitive dissonance holds that when a person has two cognitions or “knowledges” which are inconsistent with on another, a state of dissonance or psychological discomfort occurs. The existence of the discomfort motivates the person to attempt to alleviate the inconsistency in order to restore the organism to a state of equilibrium or consonance. A dissonance approach to persuasion has two …

A Study Of The Relative Contributions Of Orally And Nasally Emitted Signals To Hyper-Nasal Speech, Milo Ellis Bishop

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

The validity of The Oral Nasal Acoustic Ratio (Tonar) System as a means of obtaining data relevant to perceived nasality was established by comparing forward and backward play scale values with nasal/oral acoustic ratios computed by Tonar.

The acoustic characteristics of orally and nasally emitted signals and their relative contributions to the total speech signal were analyzed and considered within the framework of oral and nasal acoustic masking.

A passage free of nasal phonemes was read by 20 subjects with surgically repaired palatal clefts. A specially designed instrumentation system (Tonar) was used to separate the signals emerging from the oral …

The Differential Effects Of Unilateral Versus Bilateral Cerebral Lesions On Performances Involving Comparable Visual And Auditory Tasks, Michael G. Johnson

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

The present research was directed toward gaining a clearer understanding of the relationships between the location of brain injury and relative auditory and visual input abilities of adults by submitting selected subjects to comparable procedures requiring the auditory and the visual input of stimuli. Two tests, the Geometric Figures Test (GFT) and the Token Test (TT), were developed as a means of obtaining measures of auditory input ability and visual input ability. Each test contains separate auditory and visual batteries. The two batteries of each test are similar in all respects except for the mode of input used for each …

A Rhetorical Analysis Of Robert G. Ingersoll's Lectures On Religion, Stanley E. Paregien

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

The purpose of this thesis was to present a rhetorical analysis of Robert G. Ingersoll's lectures on religion. Twelve of his lectures, spanning his career as a proponent of rationalism, free thought, and agnosticism were studied as a representative sampling of his public speaking. This rhetorical analysis of Ingersoll's lectures reveals that his popularity was not the product of calculated rhetorical chicanery or sophistry. Such an approach would have been unsuccessful, since his audiences had every reason not to listen and many persons were constantly looking for faults in his lectures. Caught up in an era of sweeping social changes, …

A Rhetorical Study Of Henry Grattan's Speeches On The "Catholic Question.", Richard Leo Lanigan Jr.

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

There are a few men in history whose public speaking during their own lifetime generates public praise and personal fame from the people of two sovereign nations. Henry Grattan was such a man. The Irish House of Commons heard his voice echo for twenty-five years. This long career was extended and amplified by his election to the House of Commons in Great Britain for fifteen years until his death in 1820. This simple Irish Protestant rose to speak more than two hundred times during his forty-four years of public office in both parliaments.

A Rhetorical Study Of The Life Line Radio Broadcasts, Arlee Wayne Johnson

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

For more than a decade the American public has been discussing the merits of the philosophy of the radical right wing in American politics. This debate is not surprising when statements such as these by one of the foremost leaders of the radical right are examined:

A Rhetorical Analysis Of Selected Senate Speeches On The 1963 Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, Timothy A. Browning

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

This paper is a rhetorical analysis of the Senate debate over ratification of the 1963 Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. In July, 1963, most Americans seemed to favor ratification of the treaty, but Senate administration forces were not certain that they could muster the necessary votes for ratification. By September, although public opinion had begun to shift against the treaty, the Senate voted overwhelmingly for ratification. The motion for ratification received 13 votes over the necessary two-thirds.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of the speakers for the opposing sides, and to determine as much as is …

Listening Lessons In Connected Speech For Puerto Rican College Students For The Purpose Of Improving Aural Comprehension In English, Margaret F. Tucker

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

The University of Puerto Rico English staff members who are preparing teachers for the Island school system are concerned about the lack of effective training techniques which will develop the student's listening ability and thereby sharpen his comprehension of spoken English. Appropriate listening lessons to improve their understanding of connected speech are needed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the following hypothesis:

That additional materials for listening discrimination are needed for teaching English to Puerto Rican college students, and that paragraph listening lessons will provide varied auditory experience for sound discrimination training in learning English as a second …