Chemicals and Drugs Commons^™

In Patients With Acne Vulgaris, How Do Standard Acne Treatments Combined With Adjunct Microbiome-Targeted Therapies Compare To Standard Acne Treatments Alone In Affecting Clinical Outcomes?, Sree Gowri Sudharshan

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Background: Acne vulgaris is a very common chronic skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria. Nearly 50 million Americans are affected annually, and it usually occurs around puberty. Due to rising antibiotic resistance and unwanted side effects to current mediations, emerging research on the role of skin and gut microbiome in acne development is of interest.

Hypothesis: Adjuvant microbiome-targeted therapies may offer better clinical outcomes than standard acne treatments alone.

Methods: Literature search performed in PubMed and Embase using keywords related to acne vulgaris, microbiome-targeted therapies, and targeted acne treatments. Of …

Resensitization Of Clinical Isolates Of Mdr-Acinetobacter Baumannii To Antibiotics Using Bacteriophage Therapy, Priyal Gajera, Valerie J. Carabetta

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Introduction:

Antibiotic resistance poses a major global health threat, particularly with multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii, which exhibits resistance to multiple antibiotic classes, including carbapenems.¹ As conventional treatments become less effective, alternative therapies such as bacteriophage therapy are gaining attention. Bacteriophages offer targeted antibacterial activity and may enhance antibiotic efficacy or resensitize resistant strains. This study investigates the synergistic effects of bacteriophage ΦCO03 combined with antibiotics against MDR A. baumannii.

Methods:

Clinical isolates (M20, M5) of A. baumannii were cultured in LB broth at 37°C. Bacteriophage ΦCO03 was isolated and purified using plaque assays. Synergy between phage …

Assessing Risk Of Modern Energy Product Consumption Among Adolescents And Young Adults, Darshak Rana, Jeffery C. Powers

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Background: Caffeine consumption among adolescents and young adults has increased significantly with the popularity of energy drinks, pre-workout supplements, and high-caffeine beverages. Excessive intake is associated with cardiovascular risk, yet awareness of safe limits remains low. This study evaluated caffeine use patterns, knowledge of guidelines, and self-reported cardiovascular effects among youth.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to individuals aged 15–25 years (n=27) in clinical settings. Respondents reported frequency of caffeine intake, product types consumed, knowledge of recommended daily limits, and cardiovascular symptoms experienced while caffeinated.

Results: Most participants (70%) consumed caffeine regularly, with coffee, soda, and energy drinks as …

When Flashbacks Don’T Return: Lasting Ptsd Remission After Utilization Of Alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonists, Priyal Pritesh Shah, Tara Young, Danah Atassi, Afshan Khan, Christie Richardson, Martin Forsberg

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Introduction

Research has indicated that potentially 90% of older adults have undergone at least one potentially traumatic event in their lifetime. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric illness that follows a traumatic life event where the person is exposed to death, threatened death, actual or threatened serious injury, or actual/threatened sexual violence. This event triggers symptoms including flashbacks, recurrent nightmares, hypervigilance, dissociative reactions, and physiologic reactions to traumatic cues. Some recent reports in PTSD treatment have indicated the potential for the use of centrally-acting alpha-1 antagonists, such as prazosin and doxazosin, as effective treatments for PTSD-associated flashbacks and nightmares. …

Resensitization Of Clinical Isolates Of Mdr-Acinetobacter Baumannii To Antibiotics Using Bacteriophage Therapy, Zainab Mubasher, Valerie J. Carabetta

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Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen notorious for causing severe infections in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with prolonged hospitalizations or invasive procedures1. Originally susceptible to many antibiotics in the 1970s, this bacterium has since evolved extensive resistance, making it one of the most challenging members of the ESKAPE group of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens2. Its ability to survive in harsh environments and acquire resistance determinants has led to its classification as a “red alert” pathogen by health authorities worldwide. The increasing prevalence of MDR A. baumannii infections in healthcare settings underscores an urgent need for alternative treatment strategies as conventional …

Anticholinergic Toxicity Presenting As Acute Stroke Mimic: A Case Report, Dean Austin Esma, Kelsey Murray, James Espinosa, Alan Lucerna

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Anticholinergic toxicity classically presents with a constellation of peripheral and central symptoms including tachycardia, mydriasis, dry skin, urinary retention, and altered mental status. However, central anticholinergic effects can predominate, presenting as isolated delirium without peripheral manifestations. This report presents a case of a 57-year-old woman who developed acute altered mental status and aphasia following cumulative anticholinergic exposure from over-the-counter cold medications, initially triggering a stroke alert

The Use Of Prazosin In Individuals With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Scoping Review Protocol, Priyal Pritesh Shah, Marisa Riebesell, Afshan Khan, Amanda M. Carey, Emily Balog, Martin Forsberg

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Background: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent and debilitating condition, and is most often associated with sleep disturbances such as nightmares, flashbacks, and heightened arousal. Prazosin, an alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist, has been widely used for PTSD symptoms, however findings across studies are variable and limited, and the scope of existing evidence is not well established.

Objective: This scoping review aims to systematically map the literature on the use of prazosin in individuals with PTSD across diverse populations, settings, and study designs.

Methods: The scoping review will be conducted in accordance with JBI methodology and reported following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A …

Sex Differences In Insulin Resistance And Triglyceride/Hdl-Cholesterol Ratio In Human Subjects, Jiyoon Jung, Lakshman Segar, Christine Whitehair, James Bailey, Ashley Coleman, George Scott

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Background: Insulin resistance (IR) plays a major role in dyslipidemia and the associated cardiovascular disease risk. To date, it remains unclear as to how IR alters plasma lipid profile in males versus females. The present study is an initial step to determine sex-specific differences in IR and plasma lipid profile using 40 μL of capillary blood. Methods: 19 adults aged 30-64 were recruited from Rowan Medicine-Sewell clinics, with 13 participants (9 males, 4 females) consenting to the study. After collecting 40 μL of capillary blood via finger prick, the samples were analyzed for glucose, triglyceride (TG), and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) using …

Bacteriophage Therapy Vs. Standard Antibiotics: A Review Of Treatment Efficacy For Recurrent Pediatric S. Pyogenes (Gas) Infections, Kartik Kannan Oms-I, Karina Malhotra Oms-I, Gabrielle Coccio Oms-I, Janhavi Belwalkar Oms-I, Jason Rienzo Oms-I, Samay Shukla Oms-I, Valerie J. Carabetta Phd

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Background: Antibiotic resistance poses a growing threat to pediatric infectious disease management, particularly in the treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) infections.¹ While β-lactam antibiotics remain the first-line standard of care, their utility is limited by allergy prevalence and rising resistance among alternative antibiotic agents, such as macrolides, lincosamides, and tetracycline.^2,3 Given these trends, bacteriophage therapy has emerged as a promising adjunctive treatment modality, offering targeted bacterial lysis while sparing commensal microbiota.⁴

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed and Embase (2000–2025) using terms related to antibiotic resistance, Streptococcus pyogenes, bacteriophage therapy, and pediatric populations. …

Efficacy Of Omalizumab And Exposure Immunotherapy In Reducing Allergic Immunological Response, Joshua James Novello, Michelle Lau, Josephine L. Miner, Mudassir A. Rahmani, Kimran Sandhu, Taha Umar

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Background: Food allergy negatively impacts numerous children in the United States. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) and biologic therapy (omalizumab) are emerging promising strategies for desensitization. This literature review aims to compare the effectiveness of omalizumab and oral immunotherapy in pediatric populations.

Hypothesis: If the use of omalizumab therapy is used to treat children with food allergies compared to OIT, then there would be higher desensitization, lower post-treatment IgE levels, higher IgG4 levels, and decreased chance of a positive skin prick test.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, and The Lancet databases were searched using PRISMA guidelines to locate peer-reviewed studies evaluating …

Atomoxetine Enhances Specific Dimensions Of Cognitive Performance In A Rodent Strategy Shifting Assay, Jessica Ivanov

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Title: Atomoxetine enhances specific dimensions of cognitive performance in a rodent strategy shifting assay

Authors: Jessica Ivanov, Christopher P. Knapp, Barry D. Waterhouse, Rachel L. Navarra

Objective: Cognitive flexibility, a domain of executive function, supports adaptive shifts in behavior in response to changing environmental demands and task contingencies. Deficits in this capacity are common to neuropsychiatric disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), where improper regulation of the catecholamine transmitters dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been implicated. Atomoxetine (ATX), a selective NE transporter (NET) inhibitor, elevates levels of NE and DA in the …

Effects Of Novel Dopamine D4 Receptor-Targeted Compounds On Locomotor Activity And Anxiety-Like Behavior In Male And Female Sprague Dawley Rats, Samantha Alyse Walkow, Noah A. Ivak, Daniel Chandler, John Tkaczynski, Thomas M. Keck, Comfort A. Boateng, Eleni Papadopoulos, Barry D. Waterhouse, Rachel L. Navarra

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The consequences of modulating subtypes of G protein coupled dopamine receptors are broadly studied for their role in decision making behavior, specifically in situations involving uncertain risk and reward. The actions of dopamine D4 receptors (D4Rs) on these complex processes are the least understood, particularly due to a lack of available compounds with suitable selectivity for D4Rs. Further, current research often fails to evaluate how modulating specific dopamine receptor subtypes may affect locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior as confounding factors prior to assessing their function in behavioral assays of higher order decision making. The goal of the current study was …

Cobenfy(Xanomeline/Trospium) Vs. Clozapine For Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia, Harmann Singh, Akash M. Patel, Abdullah Noory, Kush C. Patel, Simran Gandhi

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Background: Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) poses significant therapeutic challenges. Although clozapine remains the gold-standard pharmacologic treatment for TRS, its clinical utility is hampered by severe side effects and intensive monitoring requirements. KarXT (Cobenfy), a combination of xanomeline and trospium chloride, represents a novel antipsychotic approach by targeting muscarinic M1/M4 receptors instead of dopamine D2 pathways.

Hypothesis: KarXT offers comparable efficacy to clozapine with a more favorable safety and tolerability profile, making it a viable alternative for patients with TRS.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify studies from 2015–2025 evaluating KarXT in schizophrenia. Sources included PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, FDA databases, ICER …

Kratom As A Therapeutic Option For Opioid Use Disorder​: A Comprehensive Review​, Harmann Singh, Abdullah Noory, Akash M. Patel, Kush C. Patel, Simran Gandhi

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Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) has gained significant attention for its potential role in managing opioid use disorder (OUD). This review examines kratom’s pharmacology, safety profile, addiction potential, and ethical considerations in research, while exploring its future as a therapeutic option. Kratom’s primary alkaloids, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, act as partial mu-opioid receptor agonists, producing analgesic and sedative effects at higher doses and stimulant-like effects at lower doses. Preclinical and observational studies suggest kratom may alleviate opioid withdrawal symptoms and cravings, but concerns remain regarding its dependency potential and adverse effects, including gastrointestinal distress, hepatotoxicity, and withdrawal symptoms upon cessation. While kratom carries …

Hydralazine-Induced Vasculitis Resulting In Large Pleural Effusion And Progressive Renal Dysfunction, Michael A. Acevedo, Hammad Choudhry

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Hydralazine is a vasodilator commonly used to treat high blood pressure. Even with the safety profile of Hydralazine, it is necessary to know that it may lead to Hydralazine-Induced Vasculitis. Here, we discuss how this rare side effect can present in an 80-year-old female with a past medical history of hypertension who presented to the emergency department with complaints of progressive shortness of breath on exertion and while lying supine. Further evaluation revealed a large right-sided pleural effusion with consolidation at the right lower lobe. The patient’s dyspnea worsened, and the surgical team placed a chest tube. The patient also …

Symptomatic Treatment Of Cannabis Withdrawal Syndrome: A Review Of The Existing Literature, Aria Sen, Dale Shober

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Despite its public reputation as a recreational substance that does not cause physical withdrawal symptoms, cannabis withdrawal syndrome (CWS) was added to the DSM-5 in 2013. Existing research would suggest that almost half of regular cannabis users will experience symptoms such as mood symptoms, insomnia, and gastrointestinal distress. For more than 20 years, the rates of cannabis use have continued to trend upward due to expanding legislation on the recreational use of marijuana. Currently, there are no FDA approved treatments for CWS. Considering this trend, the lack of a well-formed treatment protocol for CWS will have a growing impact on …

Is The Vaping Epidemic Linked To Neurologic Changes And Mental Health Diagnoses Amongst Us Adolescents?, Tracy Lin, Victoria Shwe

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Vaping has significantly increased among U.S. adolescents, driven by the rise of e-cigarettes and flavored pods. Nicotine exposure during brain development is linked to changes in the limbic-dopaminergic system, white matter integrity, and increased risk of emotional and behavioral dysregulation. Higher rates of depression, anxiety, and suicidality are reported among adolescent users, with greater symptom severity seen in those with high vaping dependence. Though studies show correlation rather than causation, findings suggest vaping may contribute to rising mental health diagnoses. Addressing vaping’s neurological and psychological impact is critical to guiding prevention efforts, regulatory policies, and support for at-risk youth.

Transient Small Bowel Intussusception In An Adult Patient: A Rare Complication Of Glp-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy, Shmilah Choudhary, Alisha Vincent, Majid Michael, Sagar Acharya, Christopher Bader

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Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) are widely used to treat type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity due to their benefits in glycemic control, weight loss, and cardioprotection. However, their effects on gastrointestinal (GI) motility raise concerns about potential complications, including bowel obstruction and, in rare cases, intussusception. We present a case of a 34-year-old male on semaglutide for weight loss who developed transient small bowel intussusception. The patient has no prior gastrointestinal surgeries or structural abnormalities, but he had a history of baseline slow bowel motility and was also diagnosed with influenza A during his hospitalization. His condition improved …

Identifying Early Presentation Of Serotonin Syndrome In A 20-Year-Old Male Prescribed Clomipramine And Quetiapine: A Case Report, Veronica Alday, Justin Scarano, Jonathan Yuh, Christie Richardson

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Serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition, can be challenging to diagnose due to its diverse etiology and varied symptomatology. Despite its severity, serotonin syndrome may present from mild to fatal, with symptoms such as autonomic instability, altered mental status, and neuromuscular excitation (e.g. muscle rigidity, hyperreflexia). Here, we present a 20-year-old male with an extensive psychiatric history who was prescribed clomipramine and developed serotonin syndrome. Few cases of serotonin syndrome have been reported to date, exacerbating the difficulty in recognizing and quickly treating such cases. Cases of serotonin syndrome should continue to be reported, in order to familiarize clinicians with …

Dabigatran Reduced Acute Microgliosis In A Mouse Model With Tbi, Nicholas R. Eltman, Rashmeena Abbasi, Mary C. Kosciuk, Syed Ahmed, Jose L. Pascual, Randel L. Swanson, Nimish K. Acharya

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Objective:

The study objective was to investigate the acute anti-inflammatory effects of dabigatran in a preclinical mouse controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Design

Mice were separated into three groups: controlled cortical impact (CCI) with dabigatran (drug treatment, n=5), CCI with saline (positive control, n=5), and sham CCI without saline or dabigatran (negative control, n=3). Dabigatran (80mg/kg) or saline was administered orally at 2, 10, 18, 26, 34, and 42 hours following experimental CCI in the drug treatment or positive control groups, respectively. Animals in the negative control group received sham CCI only. 48h following …

The Anxiolytic Effects Of Ashwagandha Supplementation In Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder And Anxiety, Jessica Mitchell, Andrea Iannuzzelli, Wendy Aita

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BACKGROUND: The neuroendocrine system activates the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during stress,1 and individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may have atypical stress responses linked to HPA axis dysregulation.2 Prolonged activation of this system increases cortisol secretion, the body’s primary stress hormone.3 Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is a traditional herbal remedy believed to reduce stress by modulating the HPA axis and lowering cortisol levels.5

HYPOTHESIS: Following four weeks of Ashwagandha supplementation, the treatment group is expected to exhibit reduced cortisol levels, improved Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) scores, and decreased stress-related behaviors, reflecting its anxiolytic effects.

METHODS: Forty-two adult participants with ASD and …

The Use Of Glp-1 Agonists In Alcohol Use Disorder And Reducing Alcohol Consumption: A Scoping Review, Alec Birnbaum, Yashas Sattur, Akash Patel

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) reigns as one of the most pressing issues in the United States with high rates of complications, morbidity, and mortality. Recent studies have exhibited the potential for Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists to decrease alcohol cravings or alcohol-related adverse events through human and animal studies via reward and satiety signaling pathways. To investigate the ability of GLP-1 agonists to decrease alcohol use, alcohol cravings, and alcohol-related adverse events, this study conducted a scoping review of the current literature to uncover the potential benefit of GLP-1 agonists in patients with AUD. A systematic search across 6 databases was …

Case Report: A Case Of Transient Dress Syndrome (Drug Rash With Eosinophilia And Systemic Symptoms), Dip Patel, James Espinosa, Alan Lucerna

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We report a case of a 41-year-old female with a history of hypertension who presented with fever and a diffuse erythematous rash after taking trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for an ear infection. Due to her symptoms, mild eosinophilia, and elevated liver function tests, Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) was suspected. Although the patient’s rash had resolved by the time of initial evaluation, it recurred overnight, reinforcing suspicion for DRESS syndrome. TMP-SMX was discontinued, and acetylcysteine was administered due to the patient’s high-dose use of acetaminophen in the days prior to her hospital presentation. Infectious and autoimmune workups were negative. …

The Impact Of Obesity On The Risk Of Venous Thromboembolism In Users Of Combined Oral Contraceptives: A Comprehensive Literature Review, Adeena Javed

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Background: Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are a widely used method of birth control in the U.S., particularly among women aged 15–44. COCs are known to increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Obesity, which affects over 40% of adult women in the U.S., is also a recognized independent risk factor for VTE. However, the compounded risk posed by the simultaneous presence of obesity and COC use has not been thoroughly explored.

Hypothesis: Obesity significantly elevates the risk of VTE in women using COCs, demonstrating a synergistic interaction between these two factors.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, …

Exploring Anticoagulant Prescription Disparities: A Focus On Hispanic Patient Care, Michael Acevedo, Vanessa Veltre

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Anticoagulants play a critical role in preventing thromboembolic events, yet disparities persist in their prescription among minority populations. This presentation explores inequities in anticoagulant prescribing patterns, with a specific focus on Hispanic patient care. Using retrospective electronic health record data, we analyzed the prescription rates of warfarin versus direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) among adults with clinical indications for anticoagulation. Our findings reveal that Hispanic patients are significantly less likely to receive DOACs compared to non-Hispanic White patients, even after adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, and insurance status. Contributing factors include language barriers, lack of insurance, and potential implicit bias in provider …

Literature Review: Prazosin Used For Ptsd In Pregnancy, Afshan Khan, Natali Sharma, Rebekah M. Dietrich, Martin Forsberg

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) affects 3–4% of pregnant and postpartum individuals and is associated with complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and postpartum depression. Pharmacologic treatment options during pregnancy are limited by concerns about fetal safety.

Methods: A literature review was conducted focusing on studies reporting maternal or neonatal outcomes following prazosin exposure in pregnancy.

Results: One observational study of 11 pregnancies found 54.5% had uneventful outcomes, with rates of preterm birth, miscarriage, and preeclampsia similar to the general population. Hypotension and limited lactation data remain concerns.

Conclusion: Early evidence suggests prazosin may be a relatively safe and …

Pain Management In Pregnant Women With Opioid Use Disorder: A Systematic Review, Adeena Javed

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Background: The prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) among pregnant individuals has risen significantly, posing challenges in managing labor and postpartum pain. Factors such as opioid tolerance, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, and concerns about relapse complicate analgesic strategies. Despite these complexities, evidence-based guidelines for pain management in this population remain limited.

Hypothesis: Pregnant women with OUD experience disparities in pain management during labor and postpartum periods, leading to suboptimal outcomes.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted, analyzing peer-reviewed studies from databases including PubMed and Embase. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies focusing on pain management in pregnant women with OUD. Data extraction focused on …

Radiofrequency Ablation Versus Naproxen For The Management Of Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Comparative Analysis, Akash Manish Patel, Alec Birnbaum, Yashas Sattur

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Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by inflammation primarily affecting the spinal vertebrae and sacroiliac joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and progressive loss of spinal mobility.

Management typically focuses on alleviating symptoms and controlling inflammation to improve patient quality of life. In this study, we compared the efficacy of two common treatment modalities: radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and naproxen. RFA is a minimally invasive procedure that targets specific nerve endings to interrupt pain signals, whereas naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to reduce inflammation and provide symptomatic relief. Our systematic review involved a cohort of AS …

Effects Of The Non-Stimulant Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor, Atomoxetine, On Cognitive Flexibility In Healthy Adult Long-Evans Rats, Noah A. Ivak, Samantha Walkow, Christopher Knapp, Eleni Papadopoulos, Barry D Waterhouse, Rachel L Navarra

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Executive function is the control of multiple higher order cognitive processes that include attention, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Cognitive flexibility is the ability to shift behavioral strategies

in response to changing environmental demands and task complexity. This cognitive modality is often impaired in many neuropsychiatric disorders like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Deficits in cognitive flexibility are associated with dysregulation of the catecholamines, norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) within the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Atomoxetine (ATX), a non-stimulant NE reuptake inhibitor, elevates levels of NE and DA in the PFC by inhibiting the norepinephrine transporter (NET). ATX is used to …

Polypharmacy As A Treatment Barrier In Autism Spectrum Disorder, Ahmed Aly

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The purpose of the study is to assess the prevalence of polypharmacy in current literature in the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) population. It is hypothesized to find patients with ASD over prescribed compared to the neurotypical counterparts.