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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Chemicals and Drugs
Quef And Quef-Like: Diverse Chemistries In A Common Fold, Adriana Bon Ramos
Quef And Quef-Like: Diverse Chemistries In A Common Fold, Adriana Bon Ramos
Dissertations and Theses
The tunneling fold (T-Fold) superfamily is a small superfamily of enzymes found in organisms encompassing all kingdoms of life. Seven members have been identified thus far. Despite sharing a common three-dimensional structure these enzymes perform very diverse chemistries.
QueF is a bacterial NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reduction of the nitrile group of 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ0) to a primary amine (preQ1) in the queuosine biosynthetic pathway. Previous work on this enzyme has revealed the mechanism of reaction but the cofactor binding residues remain unknown. The experiments discussed herein aim to elucidate the role of residues lysine 80, …
Acid-Base Equilibria In Organic-Solvent/Water Mixtures And Their Relevance To Gas/Particle Partitioning In The Atmosphere And In Tobacco Smoke, Julia Lynn Degagne
Acid-Base Equilibria In Organic-Solvent/Water Mixtures And Their Relevance To Gas/Particle Partitioning In The Atmosphere And In Tobacco Smoke, Julia Lynn Degagne
Dissertations and Theses
Acid-base equilibria in organic particulate matter (PM) are poorly understood, but have important implications for air quality and public health. First, acid-base reactions in organic particulate matter affect the gas/particle partitioning of organic compounds in the atmosphere, and these processes are not currently represented in atmospheric and climate change models. Second, the acid-base balance of tobacco smoke affects the amount of nicotine absorbed by the smoker, and a greater understanding of this balance would help to relate cigarette smoke composition to the addictive properties of cigarettes. This work presents data related to both air quality and tobacco smoke modeling.
The …
Pharmaceutical Contaminants As Stressors On Rocky Intertidal And Estuarine Organisms: A Case Study Of Fluoxetine, Joseph Richard Peters
Pharmaceutical Contaminants As Stressors On Rocky Intertidal And Estuarine Organisms: A Case Study Of Fluoxetine, Joseph Richard Peters
Dissertations and Theses
Contaminants such as pharmaceuticals are of increasing concern due to their ubiquitous use and persistence in surface waters worldwide. Limited attention has been paid to the effects of pharmaceuticals on marine life, despite widespread detection of these contaminants in the marine environment. Of the existing studies, the majority assess the negative effects of pharmaceuticals over an exposure period of 30 days or less and focus on cellular and subcellular biomarkers. Longer studies are required to determine if chronic contaminant exposure poses risks to marine life at environmentally relevant concentrations. Also scarce in the literature is examination of whole organism effects …
Custom Fluorophores For Investigating The Cellular Uptake Mechanisms And Side-Effects Of Pharmaceuticals, Yu-Hsuan Chu
Custom Fluorophores For Investigating The Cellular Uptake Mechanisms And Side-Effects Of Pharmaceuticals, Yu-Hsuan Chu
Dissertations and Theses
There is a significant current need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the side-effects caused by widely-used pharmaceuticals. Examples include the acute nephrotoxicity and irreversible ototoxicity promoted by the cationic drugs gentamicin and cisplatin. Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used for the prevention and treatment of life-threatening gram-negative bacterial infections, such as tuberculosis and meningitis. Cisplatin is used to treat a broad spectrum of cancers including head and neck, ovarian, cervical, stomach, bladder, sarcoma, lymphoma, testicular cancer and others.
The objective of this study is to design and synthesize rhodamine derivatives that can be used for the construction of geometrically …
Assessment Of Similarity In Chemically Complex Samples, Jessica Elise Brown
Assessment Of Similarity In Chemically Complex Samples, Jessica Elise Brown
Dissertations and Theses
Concern within the public health community is mounting regarding what some deem as "candy-flavored tobacco". A recent study by King et al. (2014) found that >40% of middle and high school student smokers use flavored cigarettes or flavored little cigars. This study investigated the validity of the "candy-flavored tobacco" designation by comparing flavor profiles of 18 flavored tobacco products with 15 candy and Kool-Aid products using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Significant compositional overlap was found; nearly 75% of the compounds detected were present in at least one flavored tobacco and one candy or Kool-Aid product. Benzaldehyde and or benzyl …
The Effect Of Docosahexaenoic Acid (Dha)-Containing Phosphatidylcholine (Pc) On Liquid-Ordered And Liquid-Disordered Coexistence, Yongwen Gu
Dissertations and Theses
Plasma membranes are essential to both the structure and function of mammalian cells. The first unifying paradigm of membrane structure, the Fluid Mosaic Model, is no longer considered adequate to describe the many non-homogeneous lipid structures that have been observed in both natural and model membranes over the past approximately thirty years. The field of membrane biophysics now appreciates that the complex mixture of different lipid species found in natural membranes produces a range of dynamic, laterally segregated, non-homogeneous structures which exist on time scales ranging from microseconds to minutes.
When sphingomyelin (SM), POPC and cholesterol are all present in …
Kinetics And Mechanism Of S-Nitrosation And Oxidation Of Cysteamine By Peroxynitrite, Wilbes Mbiya
Kinetics And Mechanism Of S-Nitrosation And Oxidation Of Cysteamine By Peroxynitrite, Wilbes Mbiya
Dissertations and Theses
Cysteamine (CA), which is an aminothiol drug medically known as Cystagon® was studied in this thesis. Cysteamine was reacted with a binary toxin called peroxynitrite (PN) which is assembled spontaneously whenever nitric oxide and superoxide are produced together and the decomposition of peroxyinitrite was monitored. PN was able to nitrosate CA in highly acidic medium and excess CA to form S-nitrosocysteamine (CANO) in a 1:1 with the formation of one mole of CANO from one mole of ONOOH. In excess oxidant (PN) the following 1:2 stoichiometric ratio was obtained; ONOO- + 2CA → CA-CA + NO2- + H …
Developing Thyronamine Analog Pharmaceuticals Targeting Taar1 To Treat Methamphetamine Addiction, Troy Andrew Wahl
Developing Thyronamine Analog Pharmaceuticals Targeting Taar1 To Treat Methamphetamine Addiction, Troy Andrew Wahl
Dissertations and Theses
As a part of the overall program in the Grandy laboratory at Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), studying the underlying chemical biology of methamphetamine (Meth) addiction, this dissertation reports on the development of six new thyronamine analogs which were synthesized and assayed against trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), giving preliminary results consistent with the analogs being inverse agonists. Due to highly variable TAAR1 expression levels in the assays, based on inter-assay response to control Meth stimulation as well as other possible factors, kinetic models were developed to qualitatively explain the assay results. The models set approximate limits on …
Gendering Gardasil: Framing Gender And Sexuality In Media Representations Of The Hpv Vaccine, Maura Kathleen Pisciotta
Gendering Gardasil: Framing Gender And Sexuality In Media Representations Of The Hpv Vaccine, Maura Kathleen Pisciotta
Dissertations and Theses
In an age of biomedicine, technologies, drugs, and treatments are expanding in new and diverse ways. Especially relevant to biomedicalization and this research is how such information is conveyed to the public through the media. Medical information is omnipresent in the media through direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising and regular coverage of health topics in the news. The accessibility and proliferation of medical information provides an important opportunity to examine the ways in which these topics are framed in the media. This research specifically examines the framing of the HPV vaccine, Gardasil in the mass media. In this study, I explore how …
Partial Purification And Characterization Of F₄₂₀-Dependent Nadp Reductase From Methanobrevibacter Smithii Strain De1, Scott D. Sheridan
Partial Purification And Characterization Of F₄₂₀-Dependent Nadp Reductase From Methanobrevibacter Smithii Strain De1, Scott D. Sheridan
Dissertations and Theses
The F420-dependent NADP reductase of Methanobrevibacter smithii has been partially purified employing a combination of affinity chromatography with Blue Sepharose (Cl-6B) and molecular sieve chromatography with Sephacryl S-200, The enzyme, which requires reduced F420 as an electron donor, has been purified over 145 fold with a recovery of 6%. A molecular weight of 120,00 for the native enzyme was determined by Sephacryl S-200 chromatography. A subunit molecular weight of 28,200 was determined by SDS-PAGE, indicating that the native enzyme is a tetramer. The optimal temperature for enzymatic activity was found to be 45°C, with a pH optimum …
Consciousness, Neurons, And Laughing Gas, Dody Michelson Orendurff
Consciousness, Neurons, And Laughing Gas, Dody Michelson Orendurff
Dissertations and Theses
Psychological and physiological effects of nitrous oxide resemble those of eight other drug categories. Lipid solubility or hydrate microcrystal theories correlate behavioral measures with measurable parameters of the molecule N2O. N2O, a spindle poison, halts mitosis in metaphase, producing widespread physiological consequences. N2O affects the microtubules of the spindle in a number of specific ways. Microtubules are utilized in other parts of eukaryotic cells, in a wide variety of functions. In neurons, microtubules build and maintain dendritic sensory processes. Since microtubules are built of two dissimilar proteins, constantly assemble and disassemble, and maintain a …
Life Styles Of Methadone Treatment Patients: Agreement Of Self Report And Informant Report, Richard Cox, Gary West
Life Styles Of Methadone Treatment Patients: Agreement Of Self Report And Informant Report, Richard Cox, Gary West
Dissertations and Theses
The purpose of this descriptive study was to reveal the typical life style of a representative sample of fifty male opiate addicts participating in the Oregon Methadone Treatment Program. An important goal of the research was to assess the reliability of information gathered from patients compared to data obtained from an equal number of informants. A highly structured questionnaire was designed to elicit specific responses in order to calculate the degree of concordance between patients and informants to identical items. The findings depicted the modal life style of the subjects as more socially conventional, more responsible, and less antisocial. Although …