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Full-Text Articles in Chemicals and Drugs

Single Step Synthesis Of Antibiotic Kanamycin Embedded Gold Nanoparticles For Efficient Antibacterial Activity, Shravan Gavva Aug 2013

Single Step Synthesis Of Antibiotic Kanamycin Embedded Gold Nanoparticles For Efficient Antibacterial Activity, Shravan Gavva

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Nanotechnology has become the most advanced type of drug delivery system within the last decade. This advancement shifted the focus on small carriers to increase the efficiency of the drugs. Among these, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were found to have profound biomedical applications. In current research, kanamycin embedded GNPs were prepared in a single step, single phase, and bio-friendly (green synthesis) procedure. The synthesized Kanamycin-GNPs (Kan-GNPs) were spherical in shape and had a size range of 15 ± 3 nm. The chosen kanamycin is an aminoglycosidic antibiotic that is isolated from Streptomyces kanamyceticus. These special antibiotic GNPs are further characterized using …


Ionic Conductivity In Non-Ionic Compounds, Usha Kranthi Avala Aug 2013

Ionic Conductivity In Non-Ionic Compounds, Usha Kranthi Avala

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The main objective of this work is to investigate the ionic conductivity of the drugs under certain conditions and also to compare the ionic conductivities of drugs determined by single surface sensors and parallel plate sensors. The ionic conductivity of various materials at their pre-melt and melt states are studied in order to further study a recently discovered phenomenon. Polar solids like Lidocaine, Ketoconazole, Procainamide and Nifedipine were examined in this study. Experimental studies show an increase in ionic conductivity in both pre-melt (20 -30 °C below melting temperature) and melt transition regions. Results of ionic conductivity of both parallel …


Identification Of Cisplatin-Binding Proteins Using Agarose Conjugates Of Platinum Compounds, Takatoshi Karasawa, Martha Sibrian-Vazquez, Robert M. Strongin, Peter S. Steyger Jun 2013

Identification Of Cisplatin-Binding Proteins Using Agarose Conjugates Of Platinum Compounds, Takatoshi Karasawa, Martha Sibrian-Vazquez, Robert M. Strongin, Peter S. Steyger

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Cisplatin is widely used as an antineoplastic drug, but its ototoxic and nephrotoxic side-effects, as well as the inherent or acquired resistance of some cancers to cisplatin, remain significant clinical problems. Cisplatin’s selectivity in killing rapidly proliferating cancer cells is largely dependent on covalent binding to DNA via cisplatin’s chloride sites that had been aquated. We hypothesized that cisplatin’s toxicity in slowly proliferating or terminally differentiated cells is primarily due to drug-protein interactions, instead of drug-DNA binding. To identify proteins that bind to cisplatin, we synthesized two different platinum-agarose conjugates, one with two amino groups and another with two chlorides …


Label-Free Detection Of Low Protein Concentration In Solution Using A Novel Colorimetric Assay, Molla R. Islam, Michael J. Serpe May 2013

Label-Free Detection Of Low Protein Concentration In Solution Using A Novel Colorimetric Assay, Molla R. Islam, Michael J. Serpe

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Dual pH and temperature sensitive microgel-based etalons were fabricated by sandwiching a “monolithic” microgel layer between two semitransparent, Au layers. The devices exhibit visual color and multipeak reflectance spectra, both of which primarily depend on the distance between the Au surfaces mediated by the microgel diameter. We found that a polycationic polyelectrolyte can penetrate through the Au overlayer to interact with negatively charged microgel confined between Au overlayers. In this submission we report that biotinylated polycationic polymer can penetrate through the Au overlayer of a poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-acrylic acid (pNIPAm-co-AAc) microgel-based etalon and cause the microgel layer to collapse. The collapse …


Effect Of Leaving Ligands Of Platinum(Ii) Diamine Complexes On Dna And Protein Residues, Ramya Kolli May 2013

Effect Of Leaving Ligands Of Platinum(Ii) Diamine Complexes On Dna And Protein Residues, Ramya Kolli

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Platinum compounds are widely used drugs in cancer treatments. Although DNA is the biological target, reaction of platinum compounds with proteins is also potentially significant. Our objective is to study the effects of leaving ligands on the relative reactivity between 5'-GMP (guanosine 5' phosphate), a key DNA target, and N-Acetyl - L-Methionine (N-AcMet), a key protein target. We have used NMR spectroscopy to monitor reactions with N-AcMet and 5'-GMP added to a platinum complex to see which products are formed preferentially. Previous research showed that both a non-bulky complex such as [Pt(en)(D2O)2]2+ [en=ethylenediamine], and a …


Dimethyl Sulfoxide (Dmso) Exacerbates Cisplatin-Induced Sensory Hair Cell Death In Zebrafish (Danio Rerio), Phillip M. Uribe, Melissa A. Mueller, Julia S. Gleichman, Matthew D. Kramer, Qi Wang, Martha Sibrian-Vazquez, Robert M. Strongin, Peter S. Steyger, Douglas A. Cotanche, Jonathan I. Matsui Feb 2013

Dimethyl Sulfoxide (Dmso) Exacerbates Cisplatin-Induced Sensory Hair Cell Death In Zebrafish (Danio Rerio), Phillip M. Uribe, Melissa A. Mueller, Julia S. Gleichman, Matthew D. Kramer, Qi Wang, Martha Sibrian-Vazquez, Robert M. Strongin, Peter S. Steyger, Douglas A. Cotanche, Jonathan I. Matsui

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Inner ear sensory hair cells die following exposure to aminoglycoside antibiotics or chemotherapeutics like cisplatin, leading to permanent auditory and/or balance deficits in humans. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are used to study drug-induced sensory hair cell death since their hair cells are similar in structure and function to those found in humans. We developed a cisplatin dose-response curve using a transgenic line of zebrafish that expresses membrane-targeted green fluorescent protein under the control of the Brn3c promoter/enhancer. Recently, several small molecule screens have been conducted using zebrafish to identify potential pharmacological agents that could be used to protect sensory hair cells …


Atrazine And Nitrate In Public Drinking Water Supplies And Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma In Nebraska, Usa, Martha G. Rhoades, Jane L. Meza, Cheryl L. Beseler, Patrick J. Shea, Andy Kahle, Julie M. Vose, Kent M. Eskridge, Roy F. Spalding Jan 2013

Atrazine And Nitrate In Public Drinking Water Supplies And Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma In Nebraska, Usa, Martha G. Rhoades, Jane L. Meza, Cheryl L. Beseler, Patrick J. Shea, Andy Kahle, Julie M. Vose, Kent M. Eskridge, Roy F. Spalding

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

A secondary analysis of 1999–2002 Nebraska case-control data was conducted to assess the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) associated with exposure to nitrate- and atrazine-contaminated drinking water. Water chemistry data were collected and weighted by well contribution and proximity of residence to water supply, followed by logistic regression to determine odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We found no association between NHL risk and exposure to drinking water containing atrazine or nitrate alone. Risk associated with the interaction of nitrate and atrazine in drinking water was elevated (OR, 2.5; CI, 1.0–6.2). Risk of indolent B-cell lymphoma was higher …


Chlomid, Niki Smith Jan 2013

Chlomid, Niki Smith

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This poster details the use of Clomid and provides a chemical analysis.


Lyrica, Shannon Hayward Jan 2013

Lyrica, Shannon Hayward

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

Illustrates the chemical components of Lyrica, a pain management medication.


Development Of Affinity Microcolumns For Drug–Protein Binding Studies In Personalized Medicine: Interactions Of Sulfonylurea Drugs With In Vivo Glycated Human Serum Albumin, Jeanethe Anguizola, K. S. Joseph, Omar S. Barnaby, Ryan Matsuda, Guadalupe Alvarado, William Clarke, Ronald Cerny, David S. Hage Jan 2013

Development Of Affinity Microcolumns For Drug–Protein Binding Studies In Personalized Medicine: Interactions Of Sulfonylurea Drugs With In Vivo Glycated Human Serum Albumin, Jeanethe Anguizola, K. S. Joseph, Omar S. Barnaby, Ryan Matsuda, Guadalupe Alvarado, William Clarke, Ronald Cerny, David S. Hage

David Hage Publications

This report used high-performance affinity microcolumns to examine the changes in binding by sulfonylurea drugs to in vivo glycated HSA that had been isolated from individual patients with diabetes. An immunoextraction approach was developed to isolate HSA and glycated HSA from clinical samples, using only 20 μL of plasma or serum and 6–12 nmol of protein to prepare each affinity microcolumn. It was found that the affinity microcolumns could be used in either frontal analysis or zonal elution studies, which typically required only 4–8 min per run. The microcolumns had good stability and allowed data to be obtained for multiple …


Revisiting The Fundamentals In The Design And Control Of Nanoparticulate Colloids In The Frame Of Soft Chemistry, Vuk Uskoković Jan 2013

Revisiting The Fundamentals In The Design And Control Of Nanoparticulate Colloids In The Frame Of Soft Chemistry, Vuk Uskoković

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

This review presents thoughts on some of the fundamental features of conceptual models applied in the design of fine particles in the frames of colloid and soft chemistry. A special emphasis is placed on the limitations of these models, an acknowledgment of which is vital in improving their intricacy and effectiveness in predicting the outcomes of the corresponding experimental settings. Thermodynamics of self-assembly phenomena illustrated on the examples of protein assembly and micellization is analyzed in relation to the previously elaborated thesis that each self-assembly in reality presents a co-assembly, since it implies a mutual reorganization of the assembling system …


Raman Micro Spectroscopy Study Of The Interaction Of Vincristine With A549 Cells Supported By Expression Analysis Of Bcl-2 Protein, Haq Nawaz, Amaya Garcia, Aidan Meade, Fiona Lyng, Hugh Byrne Jan 2013

Raman Micro Spectroscopy Study Of The Interaction Of Vincristine With A549 Cells Supported By Expression Analysis Of Bcl-2 Protein, Haq Nawaz, Amaya Garcia, Aidan Meade, Fiona Lyng, Hugh Byrne

Articles

Understanding the interaction of anticancer drugs with model cell lines is important to elucidate the mode of action of these drugs as well as to develop cost effective and rapid screening methods. Raman spectroscopy has been demonstrated to be a valuable technique for high throughput, noninvasive analysis. The interaction of vincristine with a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549)was investigated using Raman micro spectroscopy. The results were correlated with parallel measurements from the MTT cytotoxicity assay, which yielded an IC50 value of 0.10 ± 0.03 μM. The Raman spectral data acquired from vincristine treated A549 cells was analysed to …