Chemicals and Drugs Commons^™

Health Action Process Approach: Application To Medication Adherence In Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients, Anna Greer, Kerry Milner, Richard Marcello, Katie Mazin

Anna E. Greer

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) post-intentional constructs (maintenance self-efficacy, recovery self-efficacy, action planning, coping planning) and medication adherence among phase II cardiac rehabilitation (CR) patients. Research Method: Purposive sampling was used to recruit 91 phase II CR patients age 50 years and over. All respondents completed paper and pencil questionnaire examining HAPA post-intentional constructs (action planning, coping planning, maintenance self-efficacy, recovery self-efficacy), medication adherence, and demographic characteristics. Validity and reliability were confirmed for all scales included in the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to describe respondents’ characteristics. Bivariate statistics …

A Novel Human Radixin Peptide Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Infection At The Level Of Cell Entry, Terence Bukong, Karen Kodys, Gyongyi Szabo

Gyongyi Szabo

Hepatitis C virus infection of hepatocytes is a multistep process involving the interaction between viral and host cell molecules. Recently, we identified ezrin-moesin-radixin proteins and spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) as important host therapeutic targets for HCV treatment development. Previously, an ezrin hinge region peptide (Hep1) has been shown to exert anti-HCV properties in vivo, though its mechanism of action remains limited. In search of potential novel inhibitors of HCV infection and their functional mechanism we analyzed the anti-HCV properties of different human derived radixin peptides. Sixteen different radixin peptides were derived, synthesized and tested. Real-time quantitative PCR, cell toxicity assay, …

Micrornas In Alcoholic Liver Disease, Gyongyi Szabo, Abhishek Satishchandran

Gyongyi Szabo

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is characterized by hepatocyte damage, inflammatory cell activation and increased intestinal permeability leading to the clinical manifestations of alcoholic hepatitis. Selected members of the family of microRNAs are affected by alcohol, resulting in an abnormal miRNA profile in the liver and circulation in ALD. Increasing evidence suggests that mRNAs that regulate inflammation, lipid metabolism and promote cancer are affected by excessive alcohol administration in mouse models of ALD. This communication highlights recent findings in miRNA expression and functions as they relate to the pathogenesis of ALD. The cell-specific distribution of miRNAs, as well as the significance …

Atrial Fibrillation--Advances In Drug Therapy, Sudip Nanda, Sultan Siddique, Matthew Martinez, Shree Sharma, Nainesh Patel, Santo Longo

Nainesh C Patel MD

No abstract provided.

Vaccine-Preventable Diseases In Travelers, Edith Mirzaian, Jeffery Goad, Ani Amloian, Fady Makar

Jeff Goad

Travel to the developing world is increasing among those from developed countries, placing them at risk for vaccine preventable and non-vaccine preventable diseases. From 2007-2011, the GeoSentinel Network reported 737 returned travelers with a vaccine preventable disease. While it is essential that clinicians use vaccines when available for a disease of risk, they should also be aware that the vast majority of diseases acquired by travelers are non-vaccine preventable. The vaccine preventable diseases can be divided into routine travel vaccines, special travel vaccines and routine vaccines used for travel. The routine travel vaccines include Hepatitis A and B, typhoid; special …

Antipsychotic Use In Nursing Homes Varies By Psychiatric Consultant, Jennifer Tjia, Terry Field, Celeste Lemay, Kathleen Mazor, Michelle Pandolfi, Ann Spenard, Shih-Yieh Ho, Abir Kanaan, Jennifer Donovan, Jerry Gurwitz, Becky Briesacher

Jennifer Tjia

BACKGROUND: The relationship between psychiatric consultation and antipsychotic prescribing in nursing homes (NH) is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To identify the association between psychiatric consultant groups and NH-level antipsychotic prescribing after adjustment for resident case-mix and facility characteristics. RESEARCH DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Nested cross-sectional study of 60 NHs in a cluster randomized trial. We linked facility leadership surveys to October 2009-September 2010 Minimum Data Set, Nursing Home Compare, the US Census, and pharmacy dispensing data. MEASURES: The main exposure is the psychiatric consultant group and the main outcome is NH-level prevalence of atypical antipsychotic use. We calculated annual means and interquartile ranges …

Comparison Of Insulin Infusion Protocols Targeting 110-140 Mg/Dl In Patients After Cardiac Surgery., Vasudev Magaji, Shriddha Nayak, Amy Donihi, Lauren Willard, Srinivasa Jampana, Parachur Nivedita, Raymond Eder, Jann Johnston, Mary Korytkowski

Vasudev G Magaji MD, MS

BACKGROUND: Continuous intravenous insulin infusion (CII) following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery reduces postoperative complications and hospitalization duration. Because of limited data evaluating outcomes of CII with revised glycemic targets (110-140 mg/dL) in cardiac surgery, this study compared efficacy and safety of two different CII protocols having revised targets. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study comparing two different protocols between August 2009 and March 2010. Protocol 1 consists of four algorithms, and Protocol 2 is a table to adjust CII. Blood glucose (BG) and CII rates were recorded for 48 h postoperatively or CII discontinuation. Efficacy was …

Adverse Drug Events After Hospital Discharge In Older Adults: Types, Severity, And Involvement Of Beers Criteria Medications, Abir Kanaan, Jennifer Donovan, Nerissa Duchin, Terry Field, Jennifer Tjia, Sarah Cutrona, Shawn Gagne, Lawrence Garber, Peggy Preusse, Leslie Harrold, Jerry Gurwitz

Jennifer Tjia

OBJECTIVES: To characterize adverse drug events (ADEs) occurring within the high-risk 45-day period after hospitalization in older adults.

DESIGN: Clinical pharmacists reviewed the ambulatory records of 1,000 consecutive discharges.

SETTING: A large multispecialty group practice closely aligned with a Massachusetts-based health plan.

PARTICIPANTS: Hospitalized individuals aged 65 and older discharged home.

MEASUREMENTS: Possible drug-related incidents occurring during the 45-day period after hospitalization were identified and presented to a pair of physician-reviewers who classified incidents as to whether an ADE was present, whether the event was preventable, and the severity of the event. Medications implicated in ADEs were further characterized according …

A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Of Adjunctive Ramelteon For The Treatment Of Insomnia And Mood Stability In Patients With Euthymic Bipolar Disorder, Edward Norris, Karen Burke, Julia Correll, Ken Zemanek, Joel Lerman, Ralph Primelo, Michael Kaufmann

Edward R Norris MD, FAPA, FAPM

No abstract provided.

Venous Thromboembolism In Patients With Heart Failure: In-Hospital And Chronic Use Of Anti-Coagulants For Prevention, Nasir Shariff, Abdul Aleem, Vadim Levin, Sudip Nanda, Matthew Martinez, Stacey Smith, Ronald Freudenberger

Vadim A Levin MD

No abstract provided.

Ranolazine—Treatment Of Ventricular Tachycardia And Symptomatic Ventricular Premature Beats In Ischemic Cardiomyopathy, Sudip Nanda, Vadim Levin, Matthew Martinez, Ronald Freudenberger

Vadim A Levin MD

No abstract provided.

Novel Oral Anticoagulants For Stroke Prevention In Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Dawn Of A New Era, Tahmeed Contractor, Vadim Levin, Matthew Martinez, Francis Marchinski

Vadim A Levin MD

No abstract provided.

Warfarin Use And Outcomes In Patients With Advanced Chronic Systolic Heart Failure Without Atrial Fibrillation, Prior Thromboembolic Events, Or Prosthetic Valves, Marjan Mujib, Abu-Ahmed Rahman, Ravi Desai, Mustafa Ahmed, Margaret Feller, Inmaculada Aban, Tomas Love, Michel White, Prakash Deedwania, Wilbert Aronow, Gregg Fonarow, Ali Ahmed

Ravi V Desai MD

No abstract provided.

Influence Of Co-Existing Atrial Fibrillation On The Efficacy Of Atorvastatin Treatment In Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Pilot Study, Agata Bielecka-Dabrowa, Jan Goch, Jacek Rysz, Marek Maciejewski, Ravi Desai, Wilbert Aronow

Ravi V Desai MD

No abstract provided.

Relationship Between Left And Right Ventricular Ejection Fractions In Chronic Advanced Systolic Heart Failure: Insights From The Best Trial, Ravi Desai, Philippe Meyer, Mustafa Ahmed, Marjan Mujib, Chris Adamopoulos, Michel White, Inmaculada Aban, Ami Iskandrian, Ali Ahmed

Ravi V Desai MD

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Warfarin On Outcomes In Septuagenarian Patients With Atrial Fibrillation, Brita Roy, Ravi Desai, Marjan Mujib, Andrew Epstein, Yan Zhang, Jason Guichard, Linda Jones, Margaret Feller, Mustafa Ahmed, Inmaculada Aban, Thomas Love, Michel White, Wilbert Aronow, Ali Ahmed

Ravi V Desai MD

No abstract provided.

Structural And Thermodynamic Basis Of Amprenavir/Darunavir And Atazanavir Resistance In Hiv-1 Protease With Mutations At Residue 50, Seema Mittal, Rajintha Bandaranayake, Nancy King, Moses Prabu-Jeyabalan, Madhavi Nalam, Ellen Nalivaika, Nese Yilmaz, Celia Schiffer

Celia A. Schiffer

Drug resistance occurs through a series of subtle changes that maintain substrate recognition but no longer permit inhibitor binding. In HIV-1 protease, mutations at I50 are associated with such subtle changes that confer differential resistance to specific inhibitors. Residue I50 is located at the protease flap tips, closing the active site upon ligand binding. Under selective drug pressure, I50V/L substitutions emerge in patients, compromising drug susceptibility and leading to treatment failure. The I50V substitution is often associated with amprenavir (APV) and darunavir (DRV) resistance, while the I50L substitution is observed in patients failing atazanavir (ATV) therapy. To explain how APV, …

Potentially Inappropriate Use Of Antipsychotics In Community-Dwelling Adults With Dementia More Common In Those With Low Income, Jennifer Tjia

Jennifer Tjia

Comment on: The essential and potentially inappropriate use of antipsychotics across income groups: an analysis of linked administrative data. [Can J Psychiatry. 2012]

Compliance With The Centers For Disease Control And Prevention Recommendations For The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bryan Kane, Linda Degutis, Helen Sayward, Gail D'Onofrio

Bryan G Kane MD

No abstract provided.

Cost-Effectiveness Of Lowering Blood Pressure With A Fixed Combination Of Perindopril And Indapamide In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Advance Trial-Based Analysis, Paul Glasziou, Philip Clarke, Jan Alexander, Mohana Rajmokan, Elaine Beller, Mark Woodward, John Chalmers, Neil Poulter, Anushka Patel

Elaine Beller

Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of routine administration, irrespective of blood pressure (BP), of a fixed-dose combination of perindopril and indapamide to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Design, setting and participants: Prospective cost-effectiveness analysis within the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron-MR Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial, an international, multicentre, randomised controlled trial of 11 140 participants with type 2 diabetes randomly allocated to receive perindopril plus indapamide (4mg-1.25mg/day) or placebo.

Main outcome measures: Health-related quality-of-life measured by the EuroQol-5D, resource utilisation, and cost-effectiveness (cost per death averted at 4.3 years' average follow-up, and …