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Full-Text Articles in Alternative and Complementary Medicine

Thirty-Second Mindful Body Scan Meditation For Bedside Nurses, Shruti Balwalli-Udyawer Jan 2023

Thirty-Second Mindful Body Scan Meditation For Bedside Nurses, Shruti Balwalli-Udyawer

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Compassion fatigue, or secondary traumatic stress, is a state of physical and mental exhaustion caused by an inability to cope with the everyday environment that reduces the ability of the nurse to provide high-quality health care to a patient. The purpose of this staff education project, guided by Selye’s general adaption syndrome , was a 6-week, 30-second mindfulness exercise program to promote stress reduction for cardiac step-down and medical-surgical nurses. In this quantitative, pre- and posttest study, the Perceived Stress Scale was completed by a sample of 24 nurses who met the inclusion criteria. The practice focused whether educating nurses …

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First Responder And Veteran Yoga For Posttraumatic Stress, Coping, And Anxiety, Nicole M. Mckenna Jan 2023

First Responder And Veteran Yoga For Posttraumatic Stress, Coping, And Anxiety, Nicole M. Mckenna

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Constant exposures to trauma and violence often impact the wellbeing of veterans and first responders. Related heavy tolls have created an urgent need for wellness programs and coping strategies. This study utilized organismic valuing process theory as a lens to explore two research questions with a purpose to describe participants’ lived experiences and related perceptions of effectiveness. Specifically, the research was an exploration of (a) how first responders and veterans using yoga for posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and coping described their lived experiences with the intervention and (b) how first responders and veterans perceived the effectiveness of yoga for symptom improvement, …

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Staff Education To Promote Probiotic Breastfeeding Therapy, José Diaz Jan 2023

Staff Education To Promote Probiotic Breastfeeding Therapy, José Diaz

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Preterm birth is the leading cause of death in children under 5. In addition, there are 22 million babies born underweight each year which also contributes to the infant mortality rate. Some reasons for the inability to thrive and survive are the infants' immature system, allostatic load inadaptability, and undiversified and underdeveloped microbiota. Human breast milk (HBM) provides lifesaving nutrients, which prevents necrotizing enterocolitis and mortality. In addition, probiotic supplementation helps reduce late-onset sepsis, morbidities, and mortality. A literature review provided substantial evidence that HBM and probiotics can improve an infant's microbiota, thus improving thrivability and survivability. Probiotics offset the …

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Differences In Phq-9 Depression Severity Between Adults Receiving Ketamine Or Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy, Sophie Lake Oswin Jan 2023

Differences In Phq-9 Depression Severity Between Adults Receiving Ketamine Or Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy, Sophie Lake Oswin

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) affects roughly 2.8 million or 1.1% of the United States population. Many traditional treatments of mental disorders including various types of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy do not provide adequate symptom reduction for clients, and many clients diagnosed with TRD seek out nontraditional treatments such as ketamine and psychedelics for their antidepressant effects. Due to the dissociative nature of psychedelic medication wherein resistance is reduced, and a trance-like state is induced, ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) has great potential as an adjunct to ketamine therapy. Procedures of KAP have been in development for the last 7 years and a consensus on …

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Thirty-Second Mindful Body Scan Meditation For Bedside Nurses, Shruti Balwalli-Udyawer Jan 2023

Thirty-Second Mindful Body Scan Meditation For Bedside Nurses, Shruti Balwalli-Udyawer

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Compassion fatigue, or secondary traumatic stress, is a state of physical and mental exhaustion caused by an inability to cope with the everyday environment that reduces the ability of the nurse to provide high-quality health care to a patient. The purpose of this staff education project, guided by Selye’s general adaption syndrome , was a 6-week, 30-second mindfulness exercise program to promote stress reduction for cardiac step-down and medical-surgical nurses. In this quantitative, pre- and posttest study, the Perceived Stress Scale was completed by a sample of 24 nurses who met the inclusion criteria. The practice focused whether educating nurses …

Go to article

Staff Education To Promote Probiotic Breastfeeding Therapy, José Diaz Jan 2023

Staff Education To Promote Probiotic Breastfeeding Therapy, José Diaz

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Preterm birth is the leading cause of death in children under 5. In addition, there are 22 million babies born underweight each year which also contributes to the infant mortality rate. Some reasons for the inability to thrive and survive are the infants' immature system, allostatic load inadaptability, and undiversified and underdeveloped microbiota. Human breast milk (HBM) provides lifesaving nutrients, which prevents necrotizing enterocolitis and mortality. In addition, probiotic supplementation helps reduce late-onset sepsis, morbidities, and mortality. A literature review provided substantial evidence that HBM and probiotics can improve an infant's microbiota, thus improving thrivability and survivability. Probiotics offset the …

Go to article

Differences In Phq-9 Depression Severity Between Adults Receiving Ketamine Or Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy, Sophie Lake Oswin Jan 2023

Differences In Phq-9 Depression Severity Between Adults Receiving Ketamine Or Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy, Sophie Lake Oswin

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) affects roughly 2.8 million or 1.1% of the United States population. Many traditional treatments of mental disorders including various types of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy do not provide adequate symptom reduction for clients, and many clients diagnosed with TRD seek out nontraditional treatments such as ketamine and psychedelics for their antidepressant effects. Due to the dissociative nature of psychedelic medication wherein resistance is reduced, and a trance-like state is induced, ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) has great potential as an adjunct to ketamine therapy. Procedures of KAP have been in development for the last 7 years and a consensus on …

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Consideration Of Mindfulness Intervention For Hispanic Adolescents In A School Setting, Kierra Mcshine Gregory Jan 2023

Consideration Of Mindfulness Intervention For Hispanic Adolescents In A School Setting, Kierra Mcshine Gregory

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Hispanic adolescents’ accessibility to treatment options for depression is met with limitations associated with financial barriers and cultural misalignment. This research study aimed to bring to light an alternative psychotherapy treatment through the foundations of mindfulness interventions. The goal was to understand the experience of Hispanic adolescents when engaging in mindfulness in a school setting. The purpose of this study was to gather information about the experiences of Hispanic adolescents using mindfulness to support mental health practitioners, school counselors, and behavioral interventionists to provide treatment options that are accessible and meet the needs of this culture group. This explanatory case …

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Thirty-Second Mindful Body Scan Meditation For Bedside Nurses, Shruti Balwalli-Udyawer Jan 2023

Thirty-Second Mindful Body Scan Meditation For Bedside Nurses, Shruti Balwalli-Udyawer

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Compassion fatigue, or secondary traumatic stress, is a state of physical and mental exhaustion caused by an inability to cope with the everyday environment that reduces the ability of the nurse to provide high-quality health care to a patient. The purpose of this staff education project, guided by Selye’s general adaption syndrome , was a 6-week, 30-second mindfulness exercise program to promote stress reduction for cardiac step-down and medical-surgical nurses. In this quantitative, pre- and posttest study, the Perceived Stress Scale was completed by a sample of 24 nurses who met the inclusion criteria. The practice focused whether educating nurses …

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Consideration Of Mindfulness Intervention For Hispanic Adolescents In A School Setting, Kierra Mcshine Gregory Jan 2023

Consideration Of Mindfulness Intervention For Hispanic Adolescents In A School Setting, Kierra Mcshine Gregory

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Hispanic adolescents’ accessibility to treatment options for depression is met with limitations associated with financial barriers and cultural misalignment. This research study aimed to bring to light an alternative psychotherapy treatment through the foundations of mindfulness interventions. The goal was to understand the experience of Hispanic adolescents when engaging in mindfulness in a school setting. The purpose of this study was to gather information about the experiences of Hispanic adolescents using mindfulness to support mental health practitioners, school counselors, and behavioral interventionists to provide treatment options that are accessible and meet the needs of this culture group. This explanatory case …

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Wholistic Healing: The Physician Perspective Of The Tibetan Medical Philosophy, Emma J. Brooks Jan 2022

Wholistic Healing: The Physician Perspective Of The Tibetan Medical Philosophy, Emma J. Brooks

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In Western medicine, anatomy is divided into multiple disciplines with specialists focused on their specialization, thereby limiting the whole system medical approach within the diagnosis, practice, and treatment of illness. The purpose of this qualitative study with an emergent design was to explore how physicians of Tibetan medicine viewed treating the whole person through the lens of Sowa Rigpa. Inquiry and analytical thinking were viewed through the lens of Otto and Knight’s principles of wholistic healing, Wilber’s integral model, and the philosophy of Merleau-Ponty. Phase I consisted of key informant interviews with four participants that were recent graduates of Tibetan …

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Why Some Cancer Patients Chose Fasting Instead Of, Or With, Conventional Treatments, Richard Alvin Sacks Jan 2022

Why Some Cancer Patients Chose Fasting Instead Of, Or With, Conventional Treatments, Richard Alvin Sacks

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Abstract Conventional cancer treatment consists of some combination of three therapies: chemotherapy, surgery and radiation. The purpose of this study was to understand why some individuals diagnosed with cancer elected to follow an alternative course of treatment, consisting of fasting on juices or water only rather than, or in addition to, conventional cancer treatment. The theory chosen to guide this study was the Markula Center for Applied Ethics framework for ethical decision making. Research questions were designed to understand the decision-making process of study participants in choosing fasting on juice or water only, rather than, or in addition to, the …

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Factors Influencing Nurses’ Willingness To Recommend Reiki For Their Oncology Patients’ Pain, Amy Nezzer Jan 2022

Factors Influencing Nurses’ Willingness To Recommend Reiki For Their Oncology Patients’ Pain, Amy Nezzer

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Hospitalized, adult, oncology patients experience intractable pain that does not always respond to pharmacological therapies. Reiki is a complementary and alternative method used to reduce pain and increase the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments, but nurses may not possess knowledge about Reiki or have the self-efficacy to educate patients about Reiki. The purpose of this study, guided by Bandura’s social cognitive theory, was to identify the relationship between nurses’ knowledge, level of self-efficacy in educating their patients, beliefs about Reiki’s effectiveness, years practicing as a nurse, and willingness to recommend Reiki for their oncology patients’ pain. The Knowledge of Nurses’ Questionnaire …

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Providers’ Perceptions Of Chiropractic Care In Treatment Of Opioid Addiction, Rebekah Jan Khan Jan 2022

Providers’ Perceptions Of Chiropractic Care In Treatment Of Opioid Addiction, Rebekah Jan Khan

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Fifteen hundred people in the United States die each week from opioid-related overdoses. In addition, the U.S. court system has been inundated with individuals facing legal proceedings, with opioid addiction, impacted competency, and recidivism. There has been a call for alternatives to address the crisis. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the perceptions of (addiction) providers regarding chiropractic treatment in the management of opioid addiction. The health belief theory was used to guide the study. Interview data were collected from six participants via Zoom or phone. Thematic analysis resulted in four emergent themes: lack of knowledge of …

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Experiences Of Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder In Medication Assisted Treatment Programs, Lynda M. Maxfield Jan 2022

Experiences Of Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder In Medication Assisted Treatment Programs, Lynda M. Maxfield

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractOpioid use accounts for many deaths each day in the United States. Although research has shown that retention in medication assisted treatment (MAT) programs increases quality of life for those individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) and decreases premature death, there has been limited research on the perspectives of individuals with OUD in MAT programs and why they remained in or left the programs. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study, guided by Merleau-Ponty’s theory of perception, was to explore the lived experiences of those with OUD treated in a MAT program. An algorithm type interview was conducted to ask …

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Exploring Infant Massage As Standard Nonpharmacological Treatment For Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome, Christine Ann Perez Jan 2022

Exploring Infant Massage As Standard Nonpharmacological Treatment For Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome, Christine Ann Perez

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The opioid epidemic in the United States has increased opioid use in women of reproductive age, leading to in utero exposure causing withdrawal symptoms in newborns known as neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). State perinatal quality collaboratives (SPQCs) have been used in hospitals with quality initiatives (QIs) to improve standardization for NOWS; however, there remains a gap in knowledge in interventions to support the mother-infant dyad such as infant massage. This general qualitative research study explored the process and experiences of implementing infant massage as a standard practice for NOWS to inform national, state, and local policy. Participants in the …

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Childbirth Educators’ Role Regarding Pregnant Women And Cervical Cancer Prevention, Olufunmiso Oyetunde Asamu, Hadi Danawi Nov 2021

Childbirth Educators’ Role Regarding Pregnant Women And Cervical Cancer Prevention, Olufunmiso Oyetunde Asamu, Hadi Danawi

Journal of Excellence in Nursing and Healthcare Practice

Childbirth educators play an important role in educating pregnant women regarding their health. They bridge the gap between pregnant women and healthcare providers. A paucity of information exists on the benefits that pregnant women derive from interactions with childbirth educators regarding early cervical cancer detection. The purpose of our cross-sectional study was to investigate the association among education during early pregnancy offered by the childbirth educators, access to childbirth educators, availability of childbirth educators in the United States and survival from cervical cancer. Secondary data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) on 520,153 women were analyzed using logistic …

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Using Social Cognitive Theory To Explain Cannabidiol Usage For Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Margaret Wenzel Jan 2021

Using Social Cognitive Theory To Explain Cannabidiol Usage For Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Margaret Wenzel

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractIn the United States, over 40 million adults suffer from a generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), with a 67% increase in overdose-related deaths. Research substantiates the efficacy and safety of cannabidiol (CBD) for GAD. Findings show that CBD, sourced from industrial hemp, may reduce anxiety symptoms. However, a problem exists for individuals deciding to subscribe to CBD’s oral administration because of the inability to remain compliant with the regimen. The measured steps that occur when a medication is prescribed are lacking when an individual accesses CBD independently. This quantitative cross-sectional study was designed to examine whether social cognitive theory explained the …

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A Retrospective Analysis Of Integrative Group Medical Visits For Low-Income Patients With Anxiety Disorders In Primary Care, Annamma Udaya Thomas Jan 2021

A Retrospective Analysis Of Integrative Group Medical Visits For Low-Income Patients With Anxiety Disorders In Primary Care, Annamma Udaya Thomas

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

High utilization of the emergency department (ED) by patients with anxiety symptoms has brought attention to mental health access disparities among low-income racially/ethnically diverse populations. The health system in this study attempted to increase access to mental health care with integrative group medical visits (IGMVs), a nonpharmacological intervention with biomedical care consultation, health education, and peer support. The purpose of this retrospective comparative analysis, guided by integrative health equity in primary care framework, was to determine whether patients with diagnoses of anxiety who attended four or more IGMVs had reduced nonemergent ED utilization, reduced prescribed doses of benzodiazepine (BZD), and …

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Perceptions Of Using Complementary Alternative Medicine During Pregnancy For Nausea And Vomiting, Debra L. Blackett Jan 2021

Perceptions Of Using Complementary Alternative Medicine During Pregnancy For Nausea And Vomiting, Debra L. Blackett

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Nausea Vomiting during Pregnancy (NVP) conditions have commonly occurred among pregnant women during gestation for more than 4,000 years. The purpose of the multicase qualitative design was to examine and improve the understanding of perceptions of pregnant women experiencing nausea and the potential use of Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM) modalities to treat NVP symptoms. In this study, the Health Belief Model six core constructs provided the foundation for the theoretical framework for the process, explaining how working pregnant women experience decision-making and relate to the daily challenges associated with pregnancy. The research questions examined experience of coping with NVP and …

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Perceptions And Experiences Of Sickle Cell Disease Patients And Parents/Caretakers On Alternative Treatment Options For Pain Management, Elizabeth Hagan Asamoah Jan 2021

Perceptions And Experiences Of Sickle Cell Disease Patients And Parents/Caretakers On Alternative Treatment Options For Pain Management, Elizabeth Hagan Asamoah

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is marked by excruciating chronic pain, commonly known as pain crisis. SCD healthcare practitioners (HCPs) have been employing palliative care as a mainstream treatment option to manage SCD pain crises using mainly opioid analgesics for years. Due to the current opioid crisis, however, it has become imperative to explore alternative regimens to manage the pain and associated comorbidities of SCD. Thus, the goals of this study included exploring alternative treatment options for SCD pain crisis management with the intent of decreasing SCD patients’ dependency on opioid-based or related analgesics while reducing the frequency of pain crises …

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From "Hooah" To "Om": Mindfulness Practices For A Military Population, Kimberlee B. Bonura, Dawn M. Fountain Jun 2020

From "Hooah" To "Om": Mindfulness Practices For A Military Population, Kimberlee B. Bonura, Dawn M. Fountain

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

Mindfulness practices, in general, have a growing body of evidence of effectiveness for improving both physical health and mental health. Further, these practices are showing promise when implemented with military populations for mental health issues such as PTSD. Challenges arise for practitioners in understanding the military's cultural differences and the functional aspects of mindfulness that may be specifically useful to military members. We outline strategies for referring military members to quality services and instruction, as well as best practices for connecting with military clients. Recommendations are made for further research with female service members and using single case design.

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Alternative Therapy For Veterans Diagnosed With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Shannon Rae Hill Jan 2020

Alternative Therapy For Veterans Diagnosed With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Shannon Rae Hill

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

An increasing number of veterans diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has led to an increased demand for treatment within the Veteran Affairs health care system. Presently, veterans diagnosed with PTSD receive psychotropic medications and intermittent therapy sessions. Nurses are challenged to educate veterans about other health care issues based on verbalized side effects from prescribed PTSD medications limiting veterans’ ability to focus. Identifying alternative treatment options may improve treatment choices, reduce side effects, and promote positive outcomes for veterans with PTSD. This systematic review provided evidence-based practice information by addressing whether alternative therapy such as biofeedback would improve the …

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Nurse Leaders’ Perspectives On Animal-Assisted Interventions, Samantha Vita Abate Jan 2020

Nurse Leaders’ Perspectives On Animal-Assisted Interventions, Samantha Vita Abate

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Knowledge deficits and unfavorable attitudes are commonly cited barriers that prevent adoption of animal-assisted interventions (AAIs). Nurse leaders’ (NLs’) knowledge of and attitudes toward AAIs have not been well documented in the literature. The purpose of this study was to identify NLs’ perspective on AAI, including their usage, knowledge, and attitudes. This information may be helpful in overcoming common barriers to AAI usage. The theory of transformational leadership guided this 3-manuscript dissertation study, which included 3 studies on NLs’ use of AAIs, the relationship between NLs’ knowledge of AAIs and NLs attitudes toward AAIs, and the potential impact of AAI …

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Effectiveness Of Yoga Therapy On Pain And Related Depression, Anxiety, Perceived Stress, And Quality Of Life, Karen Romani Jan 2019

Effectiveness Of Yoga Therapy On Pain And Related Depression, Anxiety, Perceived Stress, And Quality Of Life, Karen Romani

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Individuals are becoming more dependent on medication for conditions such as chronic-pain, anxiety, and depression. It is reported that patients are often overprescribed medication while health outcomes do not improve. The medicalization of society is distracting attention from the possibility of other therapies such as complementary or alternative medicine (CAMs) that can improve health outcomes if they were as supported as pharmacological research and better received by the medical community. Yoga and meditation, the components of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and yoga therapy, have been shown as effective CAMs for cases of anxiety and depression related to chronic illness …

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Yoga As A Women’S Population Health Intervention, Lisa Ann Clow Jan 2019

Yoga As A Women’S Population Health Intervention, Lisa Ann Clow

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Women’s mortality rate in the United States has increased in almost every age group in the past several years. However, more women in the United States are choosing yoga as a complementary health approach to improve general well-being. Thus, research on yoga and other factors that affect women’s health in the United States may inform public health initiatives to address the health disparities in women’s mortality rates. Grounded in the health belief model, the purpose of this study was to explore whether the factors of practicing the components of yoga, doctor’s recommendation for increased physical activity, body mass index (BMI) …

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Evidence-Based Strategies And Practices To Manage Veterans' Noncancer Pain: A Systematic Review, Janice D. Ivery Jan 2018

Evidence-Based Strategies And Practices To Manage Veterans' Noncancer Pain: A Systematic Review, Janice D. Ivery

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Opioid therapy is widely used to treat veterans with chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) despite evidence indicating patient safety concerns with the treatment. Although there is a place for opioid therapy in chronic pain management, opioids are not recommended as the first line of treatment for CNCP because of the risk for accidental overdose and death. The purpose of this project was to examine alternative practices for managing CNCP through a systematic review of the literature guided by the conceptual model of the Joanna Briggs Institute method for systematic reviews (JBIM-SR). A critical appraisal of the literature was conducted, and data …

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Veterans With Chronic Back Pain Managed In Primary Care: Patient Aligned Care Team, Bonnie Grimes Jan 2018

Veterans With Chronic Back Pain Managed In Primary Care: Patient Aligned Care Team, Bonnie Grimes

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Chronic pain affects approximately 100 million adults in the United States annually, and costs exceeding $635 billion. Pain is the most common complaint in primary care, and chronic pain accounts for up to 16% of emergency room visits. Additionally, chronic pain accounts for 25% of missed workdays annually. Veterans are particularly vulnerable to chronic pain and have an increased incidence of chronic non-cancer pain. Chronic pain for veterans cost the Veterans Administration (VA) about $385 billion each year. This project evaluated the Patient Aligned Care Team (PACT) model to manage chronic lower back pain (CLBP) at a VA primary care …

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Effects Of Micronutrients On The Status Of Hiv-Infected African American Women, Veronica Alicia Graham Jan 2018

Effects Of Micronutrients On The Status Of Hiv-Infected African American Women, Veronica Alicia Graham

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Weight loss among HIV-infected African American women (AAW), results in the fall of the cluster of differentiation (CD4) cell count and an increase in the viral load. There are 48,126 HIV-infected AAW who reported weight loss within the first year. AAW who report more than 10% weight loss within the first year progress to AIDS due to a deficiency in micronutrients and poor linkage to care. The phenomenon that occurs with individuals living with HIV does not necessarily occur among individuals who have cancer, heart disease, or some other life-threatening illness, and this phenomenon indicates a direct threat to the …

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The Impact Of Lemongrass, Oregano, And Thyme Essential Oils On Candida Albicans' Virulence Factors, Jennifer Marie Eddins Jan 2018

The Impact Of Lemongrass, Oregano, And Thyme Essential Oils On Candida Albicans' Virulence Factors, Jennifer Marie Eddins

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Increased systemic infections and growing resistance of Candida species in immunosuppressed people have prompted research for additional treatment options. The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the potential of lemongrass, oregano, and thyme essential oils tested individually, combined, and combined with the antifungal agents fluconazole and caspofungin to kill Candida albicans isolates in a controlled laboratory setting. This study was grounded on the theoretical concepts of the epidemiologic triangle model. The experimental data collected were used to investigate risk factors related to age, gender, race, and comorbidities. Kill rates of lemongrass, oregano, and thyme essential oils individually and …

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