Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Development Of Azd7624 For Prevention Of Exacerbations In Copd: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Naimish R. Patel, Danen M. Cunoosamy, Malin Fagerås, Ziad Taib, Sara Asimus, Tove Hegelund-Myrbäck, Sofia Lundin, Katerina Pardali, Nisha Kurian, Eva Ersdal, Cecilia Kristensson, Katarina Korsback, Robert Palmér, Mary N. Brown, Steven Greenaway, Leonard Siew, Graham W. Clarke, Stephen I. Rennard, Barry J. Make, Robert A. Wise, Paul Jansson

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

BACKGROUND: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays a central role in the regulation and activation of pro-inflammatory mediators. COPD patients have increased levels of activated p38 MAPK, which correlate with increased lung function impairment, alveolar wall inflammation, and COPD exacerbations.

OBJECTIVES: These studies aimed to assess the effect of p38 inhibition with AZD7624 in healthy volunteers and patients with COPD. The principal hypothesis was that decreasing lung inflammation via inhibition of p38α would reduce exacerbations and improve quality of life for COPD patients at high risk for acute exacerbations.

METHODS: The p38 isoform most relevant to lung inflammation was assessed …

Socioeconomic Status And Cigarette Expenditure Among Us Households: Results From 2010 To 2015 Consumer Expenditure Survey, Mohammad Siahpush, Evi A. Farazi, Shannon I. Maloney, Danae Dinkel, Minh N. Nguyen, Gopal K. Singh

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

OBJECTIVES: To examine (1) the association between household socioeconomic status (SES) and whether a household spends money on cigarettes and (2) socioeconomic variations in proportion of total household expenditure spent on cigarettes among smoking households.

METHODS: We pooled data from six consecutive years, 2010-2015, of the Consumer Expenditure Interview Survey. The interviews involved a structured questionnaire about household income, demographics and expenditures including expenditure on cigarettes. Households that reported cigarette expenditure in the previous 3 months were distinguished as smoking households. SES indicators were household poverty status, education and occupation of the head of household. Logistic regression was used to …

Common Diagnoses Among Refugee Populations: Linked Results With Statewide Hospital Discharge Database, Kerui Xu, Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway, Ming Qu, Brandon Grimm, Jungyoon Kim

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: According to the U.S. State Department's Refugee Processing Center and the U.S. Census Bureau, in the fiscal year 2016, among all states in the United States, Nebraska resettled the highest number of refugees per capita.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to determine the most common reasons for refugees utilizing hospital services in Nebraska between January 2011 and September 2015, and to examine whether refugee patients had increased risks for adverse health conditions compared to non-refugee patients.

METHODS: Statewide linkage was performed between Nebraska Medicaid Program's immigration data, and 2011-2015 Nebraska hospital discharge data inpatient and outpatient files. …

Epidemiology Of Young Adult Renal Cell Carcinoma In Kentucky: Incidence, Clinicopathologic Features, And Cancer-Specific Survival, Jason R. Bylund

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Introduction:

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in our country. Previously reported data suggest that the overall incidence of RCC continues to rise and may be accelerating even faster among younger adult patients.

Methods:

Data for analysis included the combined NPCR-SEER USCS public use database and the Kentucky Cancer Registry dataset. Incidence rates and trends by age group and location were calculated and tested. Clinicopathologic features of disease among Kentucky cases were analyzed by age group. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) analysis was performed, along with Cox proportional hazards regression to test for association of younger …

A Group Protocol For Individuals With High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: Transitioning Into College, Annika Eckholm, Karol Santistevan

Occupational Therapy Capstones

Purpose: The numbers for young adults with a disability transitioning to college are increasing yearly (U.S. Department of Education, National Center of Education Statistics, 2016). Changes and transitioning to the college context is particularly challenging for individuals with high functioning autism (HFA) (Elias & White, 2017; Wehman et al., 2014). The purpose of this scholarly project was to develop a group protocol as a resource for young adult students with HFA to transition successfully in a college setting.

Methodology: A literature review was conducted on topics relating to individuals with HFA, success and barriers to college, effective interventions …

Genotype-Phenotype Study In Patients With Valosin-Containing Protein Mutations Associated With Multisystem Proteinopathy, Ebaa Al-Obeidi, Sejad Al-Tahan, Abhilasha Surampalli, Namita Goyal, Annabel K. Wang, Andreas Hermann, Molly Omizo, Charles D. Smith, Tahseen Mozaffar, Virginia Kimonis

Neurology Faculty Publications

Mutations in valosin‐containing protein (VCP), an ATPase involved in protein degradation and autophagy, cause VCP disease, a progressive autosomal dominant adult onset multisystem proteinopathy. The goal of this study is to examine if phenotypic differences in this disorder could be explained by the specific gene mutations. We therefore studied 231 individuals (118 males and 113 females) from 36 families carrying 15 different VCP mutations. We analyzed the correlation between the different mutations and prevalence, age of onset and severity of myopathy, Paget's disease of bone (PDB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and other comorbidities. Myopathy, PDB and FTD was present in …

Evaluation Of Individual And Combined Markers Of Urine Dipstick Parameters And Total Lymphocyte Count As A Substitute For Cd4 Count In Low-Resource Communities In Ghana, Enoch Odame Anto, Christian Obirikorang, Emmanuel Acheampong, Bright Amankwaa, Bright Oppong Afranie, Sampson Donkor, Isaac Hope, Juliana Jommo, Esther Osaah

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

We evaluated the individual and combined levels of urine dipstick and total lymphocyte count (TLC) as surrogate markers for CD4 count in a low-resource community in Ghana. This cross-sectional study recruited 200 HIV-infected patients from the Saint Francis Xavier Hospital, Assin Fosu, Ghana. Complete blood count, CD4 count, and urine dipstick analysis were measured for participants. The threshold values were determined as/

Vitamin E Status Is Inversely Associated With Risk Of Incident Tuberculosis Disease Among Household Contacts, Omowunmi Aibana, Molly F Franke, Chuan-Chin Huang, Jerome T Galea, Roger Calderon, Zibiao Zhang, Mercedes C Becerra, Emily R Smith, Carmen Contreras, Rosa Yataco, Leonid Lecca, Megan B Murray

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Few studies have previously assessed how pre-existing vitamin E status is associated with risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease progression.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the association between baseline plasma concentrations of 3 vitamin E isomers (α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and δ-tocopherol) and TB disease risk.

METHODS: We conducted a case-control study nested within a longitudinal cohort of household contacts (HHCs) of pulmonary TB cases in Lima, Peru. We defined cases as HHCs who developed active TB disease ≥15 d after the diagnosis of the index patient, and we matched each case to 4 control cases who did not develop active TB based on …

Technoference: Parent Distraction With Technology And Associations With Child Behavior Problems., Brandon T. Mcdaniel Phd, Jenny S Radesky

Health Services and Informatics Research

Heavy parent digital technology use has been associated with suboptimal parent-child interactions, but no studies examine associations with child behavior. This study investigates whether parental problematic technology use is associated with technology-based interruptions in parent-child interactions, termed "technoference," and whether technoference is associated with child behavior problems. Parent reports from 170 U.S. families (child age = 3.04 years) and actor-partner interdependence modeling showed that maternal and paternal problematic digital technology use predicted greater technoference in mother-child and father-child interactions; then, maternal technoference predicted both mothers' and fathers' reports of child externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Results suggest that technological interruptions are …

Improved Survival And Tumor Control With Interleukin-2 Is Associated With The Development Of Immune-Related Adverse Events: Data From The Proclaim, Brendan Curti, Gregory A Daniels, David F Mcdermott, Joseph I Clark, Howard L Kaufman, Theodore F Logan, Jatinder Singh, Meenu Kaur, Theresa L Luna, Nancy Gregory, Michael A Morse, Michael K K Wong, Janice P Dutcher

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

BACKGROUND: Immune related adverse events (irAEs) are associated with immunotherapy for cancer and while results suggest improvement in tumor control and overall survival in those experiencing irAEs, the long-term impact is debated. We evaluated irAE reports related to high dose interleukin-2 therapy (IL-2) documented in the PROCLAIM

METHODS: Reports on 1535 patients, including 623 with metastatic melanoma (mM) and 919 with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) (7 patients had both diseases), were queried for irAEs. The timing of the event was categorized as occurring before, during or after IL-2 or related to any checkpoint inhibitor (CPI). mM patients and mRCC …

Maternal Depressive Symptoms And Child Behavior Among Mexican Women And Their Children., Emily P Flynn, Esther O Chung, Emily J Ozer, Lia C H Fernald

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Over 50% of mothers in rural Mexico have high depressive symptoms, and their children's health and development are likely to be negatively affected. A critical question is whether children vary in their vulnerability to the effects of high maternal depressive symptoms according to their indigenous ethnicity, maternal education, or household wealth. Our sample included 4442 mothers and 5503 children from an evaluation of Mexico's social welfare program. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale, and child behavior was measured using an adapted version of the Behavior Problems Index (BPI). Multiple linear regression models …

Physical Aggressiveness And Gray Matter Deficits In Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex, David S. Chester, Donald R. Lynam, Richard Milich, C. Nathan Dewall

Psychology Faculty Publications

What causes individuals to hurt others? Since the famous case of Phineas Gage, lesions of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) have been reliably linked to physically aggressive behavior. However, it is unclear whether naturally-occurring deficits in VMPFC, among normal individuals, might have widespread consequences for aggression. Using voxel based morphometry, we regressed gray matter density from the brains of 138 normal female and male adults onto their dispositional levels of physical aggression, verbal aggression, and sex, simultaneously. Physical, but not verbal, aggression was associated with reduced gray matter volume in the VMPFC and to a lesser extent, frontopolar cortex. Participants …

Influence Of Dietary Salt Knowledge, Perceptions, And Beliefs On Consumption Choices After Stroke In Uganda, Martin N. Kaddumukasa, Elly Katabira, Martha Sajatovic, Svetlana Pundik, Mark Kaddumukasa, Larry B. Goldstein

Neurology Faculty Publications

Background

Previous research on Uganda's poststroke population revealed that their level of dietary salt knowledge did not lead to healthier consumption choices.

Purpose

Identify barriers and motivators for healthy dietary behaviors and evaluate the understanding of widely accepted salt regulation mechanisms among poststroke patients in Uganda.

Methods

Convergent parallel mixed methods triangulation design comprised a cross-sectional survey (n = 81) and 8 focus group discussions with 7-10 poststroke participants in each group. We assessed participant characteristics and obtained insights into their salt consumption attitudes, perceptions, and knowledge. Qualitative responses were analyzed using an inductive approach with thematic analytic procedures. Relationships …

Measuring Heightened Attention To Alcohol In A Naturalistic Setting: A Validation Study, Ramey G. Monem, Mark T. Fillmore

Psychology Faculty Publications

Attentional bias to alcohol-related stimuli is believed to be an important contributor to the development and maintenance of drug abuse. There is a considerable body of research examining attentional bias, much of which has typically utilized image-display tasks as a means to assess the phenomenon. Little, however, is known about the nature of this bias in an individual’s natural environment. The current study sought to implement a novel approach to assessing attentional bias in vivo. Participants wore portable eye-tracking glasses that recorded video from their point of view and measured fixation time to objects they observed. They entered a room …

Automated Ecological Assessment Of Physical Activity: Advancing Direct Observation., Jordan A. Carlson, Bo Liu, James F. Sallis, Jacqueline Kerr, J Aaron Hipp, Vincent S. Staggs, Amy Papa, Kelsey Dean, Nuno M. Vasconcelos

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Technological advances provide opportunities for automating direct observations of physical activity, which allow for continuous monitoring and feedback. This pilot study evaluated the initial validity of computer vision algorithms for ecological assessment of physical activity. The sample comprised 6630 seconds per camera (three cameras in total) of video capturing up to nine participants engaged in sitting, standing, walking, and jogging in an open outdoor space while wearing accelerometers. Computer vision algorithms were developed to assess the number and proportion of people in sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous activity, and group-based metabolic equivalents of tasks (MET)-minutes. Means and standard deviations (SD) …

An Exploration Of Social Determinants Of Health Constructs As Potential Mediators Between Disability And Condom Usage, Karina Pineda

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

There is limited knowledge on the sexual health behaviors of young adults with physical disabilities, as people with disabilities have traditionally been treated homogenously without acknowledgement of the potential differences between disability types. The objective of this study was twofold. The first goal was to take a novel approach by guidance of the Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) framework to compare how young adults with physical disabilities compare against those without physical disabilities in: 1) vaginal sexual activity, 2) condom usage, and 3) the effect of SDOH factors as potential mediators in predicting unprotected vaginal sex. Relatedly, the second goal …

Efficacy And Safety Of Pembrolizumab In Patients Enrolled In Keynote-030 In The United States: An Expanded Access Program., Tara C Gangadhar, Wen-Jen Hwu, Michael A Postow, Omid Hamid, Adil Daud, Roxana Dronca, Richard Joseph, Steven J O'Day, F S Hodi, Anna C Pavlick, Harriet Kluger, Romina P Oxborough, Aiming Yang, Mihaela Gazdoiu, Debra A Kush, Scot Ebbinghaus, April K S Salama

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

KEYNOTE-030 (ClinicalTrials.gov ID, NCT02083484) was a global expanded access program that allowed access to pembrolizumab, an antiprogrammed death 1 antibody, for patients with advanced melanoma before its regulatory approval. Patients with unresectable stage III/IV melanoma that progressed after standard-of-care therapy, including ipilimumab and, if BRAF mutant, a BRAF inhibitor, were eligible to receive pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg every 3 weeks. Response was assessed by immune-related response criteria by investigator review. Adverse events (AEs) were graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. In the United States, 979 patients enrolled between April and September 2014. …

Second Primary Malignant Neoplasms And Survival In Adolescent And Young Adult Cancer Survivors., Theresa H M Keegan, Archie Bleyer, Aaron S Rosenberg, Qian Li, Melanie Goldfarb

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Importance: Although the increased incidence of second primary malignant neoplasms (SPMs) is a well-known late effect after cancer, few studies have compared survival after an SPM to survival of the same cancer occurring as first primary malignant neoplasm (PM) by age.

Objective: To assess the survival impact of SPMs in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) (15-39 years) compared with that of pediatric (<15 >years) and older adult (≥40 years) patients with the same SPMs.

Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a population-based, retrospective cohort study of patients with cancer in 13 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results regions in the United …

Multisite Evaluation Of The Bd Max Extended Enteric Bacterial Panel For Detection Of Yersinia Enterocolitica, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli, Vibrio, And Plesiomonas Shigelloides From Stool Specimens., Patricia J Simner, Margret Oethinger, Kathleen A Stellrecht, Dylan R Pillai, Ram Yogev, Helene Leblond, Joel Mortensen

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

The purpose of this study was to perform a multisite evaluation to establish the performance characteristics of the BD Max extended enteric bacterial panel (xEBP) assay directly from unpreserved or Cary-Blair-preserved stool specimens for the detection of Yersinia enterocolitica, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Vibrio, and Plesiomonas shigelloides The study included prospective, retrospective, and prepared contrived specimens from 6 clinical sites. BD Max xEBP results were compared to the reference method, which included standard culture techniques coupled with alternate PCR and sequencing, except for ETEC, for which the reference method was two alternate PCRs and sequencing. Alternate PCR was …

Endothelial Cell-Derived Microparticles From Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypoxia Syndrome And Coronary Artery Disease Increase Aortic Endothelial Cell Dysfunction., Lixin Jia, Jingyao Fan, Wei Cui, Sa Liu, Na Li, Wayne Bond Lau, Xin-Liang Ma, Jie Du, Shaoping Nie, Yongxiang Wei

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Obstructive sleep apnea hypoxia syndrome (OSAHS) is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Treatment of OSAHS improves clinical outcome in some CAD patients, but the relationship between OSAHS and CAD is complex. Microparticles (MPs) are shed by the plasma membrane by either physiologic or pathologic stimulation. In the current study, we investigated the role of MPs in the context of OSAHS.

METHODS AND RESULTS: 54 patients with both suspected coronary artery stenosis and OSAHS were recruited and underwent both coronary arteriography and polysomnography. Circulating MPs were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry. CAD+OSAHS patients exhibited greater …

Ufm1 Founder Mutation In The Roma Population Causes Recessive Variant Of H-Abc., Eline M C Hamilton, Enrico Bertini, Luba Kalaydjieva, Bharti Morar, Dana Dojčáková, Adeline Vanderver, Recessive H-Abc Research Group.

Neurology Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: To identify the gene defect in patients with hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum (H-ABC) who are negative for TUBB4A mutations.

METHODS: We performed homozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing (WES) to detect the disease-causing variant. We used a Taqman assay for population screening. We developed a luciferase reporter construct to investigate the effect of the promoter mutation on expression.

RESULTS: Sixteen patients from 14 families from different countries fulfilling the MRI criteria for H-ABC exhibited a similar, severe clinical phenotype, including lack of development and a severe epileptic encephalopathy. The majority of patients had a …

Vocabulary Learning Benefits From Rem After Slow-Wave Sleep., Laura J Batterink, Carmen E Westerberg, Ken A Paller

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Memory reactivation during slow-wave sleep (SWS) influences the consolidation of recently acquired knowledge. This reactivation occurs spontaneously during sleep but can also be triggered by presenting learning-related cues, a technique known as targeted memory reactivation (TMR). Here we examined whether TMR can improve vocabulary learning. Participants learned the meanings of 60 novel words. Auditory cues for half the words were subsequently presented during SWS in an afternoon nap. Memory performance for cued versus uncued words did not differ at the group level but was systematically influenced by REM sleep duration. Participants who obtained relatively greater amounts of REM showed a …

Heroin Use Onset Among Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Users In The Club Scene, Hilary L. Surratt, Steven P. Kurtz, Mance Buttram, Maria A. Levi-Minzi, Maria E. Pagano, Theodore J. Cicero

Center for Health Services Research Faculty Publications

Background—Nonmedical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) is well documented among participants in the club scene, yet prior studies have not examined transition to heroin use. We prospectively examined heroin initiation among a sample of young adults with drug involvement associated with participation in the club scene, to understand factors that influence transition from NMPOU to heroin and to identify opportunities for intervention.

Methods—Data were drawn from a randomized trial that enrolled 750 Miami-based club and prescription drug users through respondent driven sampling, and tested the efficacy of assessment interventions in reducing risk. Participants reported current substance use at baseline, …

Clinically Silent Alzheimer's And Vascular Pathologies Influence Brain Networks Supporting Executive Function In Healthy Older Adults, Brian T. Gold, Christopher A. Brown, Jonathan G. Hakun, Leslie M. Shaw, John Q. Trojanowski, Charles D. Smith

Neuroscience Faculty Publications

Aging is associated with declines in executive function. We examined how executive functional brain systems are influenced by clinically silent Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology and cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). Twenty-nine younger adults and thirty-four cognitively normal older adults completed a working memory paradigm while functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed. Older adults further underwent lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) draw for assessment of AD pathology and FLAIR imaging for assessment of WMHs. Accurate working memory performance in both age groups was associated with high fronto-visual functional connectivity (fC). However, in older adults, higher expression of fronto-visual fC was linked …

High Trait Shame Undermines The Protective Effects Of Prevalence Knowledge On State Shame Following Hpv/Cin Diagnosis In Women, Sarah Mcqueary Flynn, Tory A. Eisenlohr-Moul, Suzanne C. Segerstrom, Christen T. Logue, Jamie L. Studts

Psychology Faculty Publications

Human papillomavirus (HPV), and the related, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), are common yet poorly understood physical conditions. The diagnosis of HPV often elicits shame and guilt, which in turn may undermine psychological and physical health. The current study compared shame and guilt responses to diagnosis among two groups: women diagnosed with HPV/CIN and women diagnosed with Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV/IM). Eighty women recently diagnosed with HPV/CIN or EBV/IM completed measures of shame- and guilt-proneness, shame and guilt following diagnosis, and disease knowledge including prevalence estimates (HPV and EBV, respectively). HPV/CIN (vs. EBV/IM) predicted more diagnosis-related shame and guilt. Estimates of high …

Increased Birth Weight Is Associated With Altered Gene Expression In Neonatal Foreskin, Leryn J. Reynolds, Rebecca I. Pollack, Richard J. Charnigo, Cetewayo S. Rashid, Arnold J. Stromberg, Shu Shen, John O'Brien, Kevin J. Pearson

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Elevated birth weight is linked to glucose intolerance and obesity health-related complications later in life. No studies have examined if infant birth weight is associated with gene expression markers of obesity and inflammation in a tissue that comes directly from the infant following birth. We evaluated the association between birth weight and gene expression on fetal programming of obesity. Foreskin samples were collected following circumcision, and gene expression analyzed comparing the 15% greatest birth weight infants (n = 7) v. the remainder of the cohort (n = 40). Multivariate linear regression models were fit to relate expression levels on differentially …

Insights Into Onchocerca Volvulus Population Biology Through Multilocus Immunophenotyping, Carmelle T Norice-Tra, José Ribeiro, Sasisekhar Bennuru, Michael P Fay, Rahul Tyagi, Makedonka Mitreva, Thomas B Nutman

2010-2019 OA Pubs

We have developed a serologically based immunophenotyping approach to study Onchocerca volvulus (Ov) population diversity. Using genomic sequence data and polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping, we identified nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes of 16 major immunogenic Ov proteins: Ov-CHI-1/Ov-CHI-2, Ov16, Ov-FAR-1, Ov-CPI-1, Ov-B20, Ov-ASP-1, Ov-TMY-1, OvSOD1, OvGST1, Ov-CAL-1, M3/M4, Ov-RAL-1, Ov-RAL-2, Ov-ALT-1, Ov-FBA-1, and Ov-B8. We assessed the immunoreactivity of onchocerciasis patient sera (n = 152) from the Americas, West Africa, Central Africa, and East Africa against peptides derived from 10 of these proteins containing SNPs. Statistically significant variation in immunoreactivity among the regions was seen in SNP-containing peptides …

Impact Of Vitamin A And Carotenoids On The Risk Of Tuberculosis Progression, Omowunmi Aibana, Molly F Franke, Chuan-Chin Huang, Jerome T Galea, Roger Calderon, Zibiao Zhang, Mercedes C Becerra, Emily R Smith, Alayne G Ronnenberg, Carmen Contreras, Rosa Yataco, Leonid Lecca, Megan B Murray

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Low and deficient levels of vitamin A are common in low- and middle-income countries where tuberculosis burden is high. We assessed the impact of baseline levels of vitamin A and carotenoids on tuberculosis disease risk.

METHODS: We conducted a case-control study nested within a longitudinal cohort of household contacts (HHCs) of pulmonary tuberculosis case patients in Lima, Peru. We defined case patients as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative HHCs with blood samples in whom tuberculosis disease developed ≥15 days after enrollment of the index patient. For each case patient, we randomly selected 4 controls from among contacts in whom tuberculosis …

Mobilized Peripheral Blood Stem Cells Versus Unstimulated Bone Marrow As A Graft Source For T-Cell-Replete Haploidentical Donor Transplantation Using Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide., Asad Bashey, Mei-Jie Zhang, Shannon R Mccurdy, Andrew St Martin, Trevor Argall, Claudio Anasetti, Stefan O Ciurea, Omotayo Fasan, Sameh Gaballa, Md, Mehdi Hamadani, Pashna Munshi, Monzr M Al Malki, Ryotaro Nakamura, Paul V O'Donnell, Miguel-Angel Perales, Kavita Raj, Rizwan Romee, Scott Rowley, Vanderson Rocha, Rachel B Salit, Melhem Solh, Robert J Soiffer, Ephraim Joseph Fuchs, Mary Eapen

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Purpose T-cell-replete HLA-haploidentical donor hematopoietic transplantation using post-transplant cyclophosphamide was originally described using bone marrow (BM). With increasing use of mobilized peripheral blood (PB), we compared transplant outcomes after PB and BM transplants. Patients and Methods A total of 681 patients with hematologic malignancy who underwent transplantation in the United States between 2009 and 2014 received BM (n = 481) or PB (n = 190) grafts. Cox regression models were built to examine differences in transplant outcomes by graft type, adjusting for patient, disease, and transplant characteristics. Results Hematopoietic recovery was similar after transplantation of BM and PB (28-day neutrophil …

Healthcare Contact And Treatment Uptake Following Hepatitis C Virus Screening And Counseling Among Rural Appalachian People Who Use Drugs, Dustin B. Stephens, April M. Young, Jennifer R. Havens

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Background—Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Since 2009, Kentucky has led the United States in cases of acute HCV, driven largely by injection drug use in rural areas. Improved treatment regimens hold promise of mitigating the impact and transmission of HCV, but numerous barriers obstruct people who inject drugs (PWID) from receiving care, particularly in medically underserved settings.

Methods—503 rural people who use drugs were recruited using respondent-driven sampling and received HCV screening and post-test counseling. Presence of HCV antibodies was assessed using enzyme immunoassay of dried blood samples. Sociodemographic and …