Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

By The Time You Finish Reading This There Will Be 10 Diabetic Foot Amputations, Cassidy Begley

Health Sciences Student Scholarship

People of color with diabetes in rural low-income communities are more likely to encounter barriers to podiatric care than their white counterparts. Studies show that rural Americans with diabetic foot ulcers have a fifty percent increased risk for foot amputation. Proper foot care is critical to diabetic health by ensuring the maintenance of mobility and quality of life. As the U.S. population ages and diabetes diagnoses increase, individuals across the country develop mobility and foot-related problems. While this is a general issue, nonwhites in low-income rural areas are disproportionately impacted. Podiatrists play a key role in managing a multitude of …

Leveraging Digital Technologies For Management Of Peripartum Depression To Mitigate Health Disparities, Alexandra Zingg

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Health disparities are adverse, preventable differences in health outcomes that affect disadvantaged populations. Examples of health disparities can be seen in the condition of peripartum depression (PPD), a mood disorder affecting approximately 10-15% of peripartum women. For example, Hispanic and African-American women are less likely to start or continue PPD treatment. Digital health technologies have emerged as practical solutions for PPD care and self-management. However, existing digital solutions lack an incorporation of behavior theory and distinctive information needs based on women’s personal, social, and clinical profiles. Bridging this gap, I adapt Digilego, an integrative digital health development framework consisting of: …

Prescription Stimulant Misuse Amongst University Students In Health Programs, Catherine A. Dancausse

Health Sciences Student Scholarship

Prescription stimulant misuse (PSM) is characterized by the consumption of stimulant substances for a motive other than its intended purpose. Psychostimulants are commonly prescribed for attention-deficit disorders. With an increasing number of attention-deficit diagnoses in young adults, there has also been a higher diversion rate of these drugs among peers. Stimulants have become the second most abused drug on college campuses, only behind marijuana. This study explores the attitudes, motives, and behaviors behind PSM among college students in health-related majors drawing upon the results of an anonymous survey of students in health-related programs conducted at a medium-sized university in the …

Costumbre Y Carnavales; El Rol De Alcohol En La Comunidad Aymara De Putre, Billy White

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el impacto del alcohol en la comunidad aymara de Putre, localidad rural del norte de Chile. Se realizaron 17 entrevistas semiformales en Putre y sus alrededores con profesionales de la salud de la comunidad, pacientes adultos del CESFAM local, curanderos tradicionales aymaras y líderes comunitarios. El estudio encontró que el consumo de alcohol en Putre está intrínsecamente relacionado con las costumbres y la cultura aymara, ya que su perspectiva sobre el alcohol informa su consumo. El alcohol tiene un papel importante en la religión aymara, la medicina y las fiestas locales. Los hábitos de …

Analytical Methods For Allergen Control In Food Processing, Nanju Alice Lee, Andreas Ludwig Lopata, Michelle Lisa Colgrave

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Food allergy and food-related anaphylaxis have become a growing public health and food safety issue worldwide. The World Allergy Organization (WAO) estimated that 220–250 million people would live with food allergies, based on the reported prevalence of 5–8% in children and 1–2% in adults. Without a practical treatment and cure for food allergy currently available, the diligent avoidance of allergenic foods together with the prompt treatment of symptoms is the best management option available to allergic individuals. As a result, regulatory bodies in many countries mandate food allergen labelling to help allergic consumers to make informed food choices and avoid …

Diminishing Benefits Of Urban Living For Children And Adolescents’ Growth And Development, Ncd Risk Factor Collaboration (Ncd-Risc), Anu Mishra, Bin Zhou, Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez, Shina Avi, Moran Blychfeld Magnazu, Ronit Endevelt, Jochanan Stessman, Gladys E. Maestre, Jesus D. Melgarejo

School of Medicine Publications

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1,2,3,4,5,6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. …

Meeting Patients Where They Are: A Nurse-Driven Quality Improvement Project To Provide Influenza Vaccinations In The Emergency Department, Stacie Hunsaker, Larry Garrett, Katreena Merrill, Rachelle Rhodes

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Influenza is highly contagious, vaccine-preventable, and may result in significant morbidity and mortality. While vaccination is the primary protection against influenza, vaccination rates remain low. Traditionally, primary care clinics, retail pharmacies, and public health departments offer influenza vaccines. However, offering influenza vaccines in new settings may increase their availability to the public and increase community uptake. This project aimed to add emergency departments as a new influenza vaccine location to increase the number of vaccines distributed during the 2020 to 2021 influenza season.

Methods: Adult patients discharged from 24 emergency departments were included in this pre- post-intervention project. A …

The Hidden Victims Of The Hiv/Aids Epidemic: Women, Theresa Staab

Health Sciences Student Scholarship

Early stigmatization of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the US as a gay man’s disease left women fighting for visibility in the epidemic for the last forty years. By the late 1980s, women were at the forefront of HIV/AIDS grassroots advocacy yet largely removed from public discourse about susceptibility. Women of color faced a more difficult battle for inclusion because the erasure of their intersectionality muted their experience as individuals with multiple identities, such as black and gay or black and HIV positive. Furthermore, white women fought to emerge from the shadows of the media’s rumors and be recognized as victims …

The Structural Determinants Of Health: How Systemic Racism Facilitates Community Violence In D.C., Nadia Altaher

Health Sciences Student Scholarship

Racism is deeply embedded in social determinants of health, establishing racial health inequities in populations of color. Recent measures have been taken to address this issue in Washington, D.C. including the 2020 Racial Equity Achieves Results (REACH) Amendment Act and the Child Wealth Building Act which focus on racial equity, social justice, and economic inclusion. My paper explores the correlation between social determinants of health, housing policies, and community by mapping racial covenants from 1940 to 2010, examining neighborhood displacement, and social determinants of health. Current mortgage lending in neighborhoods across the city is used to measure the discrimination in …

Analyzing Dei Efforts And Curricula In Collegiate Nursing Programs, Ava Biafore, Victoria Hanlon, Samuel Lewis

Health Sciences Student Scholarship

A diverse, representative health care workforce is crucial to advance health care access, patient satisfaction, and health outcomes, particularly for patients of color. A diverse approach to a nursing education includes teaching students how to adequately care for their patients in ways that take into account their race, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation or any underrepresented intersectional combination. Studies have shown that healthcare students are exposed to racial bias and prejudiced standards of care within their medical education and placement sites. Implicit bias is prevalent among many academic institutions beginning with the application and recruiting process of potential students. Bias can …

Assessment Of Kamap Man Tru Men’S Health And Gender Program At Decreasing Partner To Partner Hiv/Aids Transmission In Papua New Guinea Deriving From Men’S Sexual And Reproductive Cultural Behaviors And Perceptions, Eliza Mabey

Health Sciences Student Scholarship

Papua New Guinea has the highest incidence and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in the Pacific. Men are more likely to die of AIDS-related illnesses, less likely to get HIV testing, and less likely to access antiretroviral therapy, than women. Initiatives such as the Kamap Man Tru Men’s Health and Gender Program educate members of PNG communities on sexual health, gender-based violence, and healthy relationships. Preventing HIV before it is transmitted is cost-effective, sustainable, and socio-culturally appropriate. Key determinants of the spread of HIV are clearly associated with gender, violence, and sexuality. As a result of Papua New Guinea’s cultural …

Differences In Birth Weight Between Immigrants' And Natives' Children In Europe And Australia: A Lifecycle Comparative Observational Cohort Study, Sandra Florian, Mathieu Ichou, Lidia Panico, Stéphanie Pinel-Jacquemin, Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte, Margreet W. Harskamp-Van Ginkel, Rae-Chi Huang, Jennie Carson, Loreto Santa Marina Rodriguez, Mikel Subiza-Pérez, Martine Vrijheid, Sílvia Fernández-Barrés, Tiffany C. Yang, John Wright, Eva Corpeleijn, Marloes Cardol, Elena Isaevska, Chiara Moccia, Marjolein N. Kooijman, Ellis Voerman, Vincent Jaddoe, Marieke Welten, Elena Spada, Marisa Rebagliato, Andrea Beneito, Luca Ronfani, Marie-Aline Charles

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objective:

Research on adults has identified an immigrant health advantage, known as the 'immigrant health paradox', by which migrants exhibit better health outcomes than natives. Is this health advantage transferred from parents to children in the form of higher birth weight relative to children of natives?

Setting:

Western Europe and Australia.

Participants:

We use data from nine birth cohorts participating in the LifeCycle Project, including five studies with large samples of immigrants' children: Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance - France (N=12 494), the Raine Study - Australia (N=2283), Born in Bradford - UK (N=4132), Amsterdam Born Children and their Development …

How Have Researchers Defined Institutions, Politics, Organizations And Governance In Research Related To Epidemic And Pandemic Response? A Scoping Review To Map Current Concepts, Austin Wu, Shivangi Khanna, Shelly Keidar, Peter Berman, Laura Jane Brubacher

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In recent years, the literature on public health interventions and health outcomes in the context of epidemic and pandemic response has grown immensely. However, relatively few of these studies have situated their findings within the institutional, political, organizational and governmental (IPOG) context in which interventions and outcomes exist. This conceptual mapping scoping study synthesized the published literature on the impact of IPOG factors on epidemic and pandemic response and critically examined definitions and uses of the terms IPOG in this literature. This research involved a comprehensive search of four databases across the social, health and biomedical sciences as well as …

Sars-Cov-2 Variants Offer A Second Chance To Fix Vaccine Inequities, Peter J Hotez

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Global COVID-19 vaccine equity remains aspirational for much of the world. But the emergence of rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants provides new opportunities to correct past public policies, support local vaccine production and combat rising anti-vaccine aggression.

The Investigation Of Health-Related Topics On Tiktok: A Descriptive Study Protocol, Joelie Mandzufas, Jeremiah Ayalde, Daniel Ta, Emily Munro, Rigel Paciente, Emmanuel P. Pranoto, Kaelyn King, Kelly How, Alanna Sincovich, Mary Brushe, Nicole Wickens, Gabriella Wells, Alix Woolard, Melinda Edmunds, Hannah Thomas, Gina S. A. Trapp, Karen Lombardi

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The social media application TikTok allows users to view and upload short-form videos. Recent evidence suggests it has significant potential for both industry and health promoters to influence public health behaviours. This protocol describes a standardised, replicable process for investigations that can be tailored to various areas of research interest, allowing comparison of content and features across public health topics. The first 50 appearing videos in each of five relevant hashtags are sampled for analysis. Utilising a codebook with detailed definitions, engagement metadata and content variables applicable to any content area is captured, including an assessment of the video’s overall …

Maternal And Infant Outcomes Of Syrian And Palestinian Refugees, Lebanese And Migrant Women Giving Birth In A Tertiary Public Hospital In Lebanon: A Secondary Analysis Of An Obstetric Database, Stephen J. Mccall, Tanya C. El Khoury, Hala Ghattas Ph.D., Shady Elbassuoni, Mhd Hussein Murtada, Zeina Jamaluddine, Christine Haddad, Aya Hussein, Amina Krounbi, Jocelyn Dejong, Janoub Khazaal, Rabih Chahine

Faculty Publications

Objectives This study aims to assess whether the characteristics, management and outcomes of women varied between Syrian and Palestinian refugees, migrant women of other nationalities and Lebanese women giving birth at a public tertiary centre in Beirut, Lebanon.

Methods This was a secondary data analysis of routinely collected data from the public Rafik Hariri University Hospital (RHUH) between January 2011 and July 2018. Data were extracted from medical notes using text mining machine learning methods. Nationality was categorised into Lebanese, Syrian, Palestinian and migrant women of other nationalities. The main outcomes were diabetes, pre-eclampsia, placenta accreta spectrum, hysterectomy, uterine rupture, …

Shared Responsibility: Conceptualising How A Public Health Approach May Enhance Police Response To Missing Persons, Katie Gambier-Ross, Joe Apps Dr, Sarah Wayland Dr

International Journal of Missing Persons

When a person is reported missing there are substantial costs for the individual, their family and society. This paper conceptualises the experience of missing persons episodes, through a public health approach. This then allows police, stakeholders and the community to engage in discussions about who is vulnerable to going missing by intervening in a way that addresses risk. Historically, a missing persons episode involves an absence, typically followed by police involvement in consultation with next of kin with establishing the whereabouts of the missing person being the primary focus. Yet, the risk factors of going missing relate more to the …

Ending The Hiv Epidemic: Identifying Barriers And Facilitators To Implement Molecular Hiv Surveillance To Develop Real-Time Cluster Detection And Response Interventions For Local Communities, Moctezuma Garcia, Samantha Devlin, Jared Kerman, Kayo Fujimoto, Lisa R Hirschhorn, Gregory Phillips, John Schneider, Moira C Mcnulty

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The rapid implementation of molecular HIV surveillance (MHS) has resulted in significant challenges for local health departments to develop real-time cluster detection and response (CDR) interventions for priority populations impacted by HIV. This study is among the first to explore professionals' strategies to implement MHS and develop CDR interventions in real-world public health settings. Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were completed by 21 public health stakeholders in the United States' southern and midwestern regions throughout 2020-2022 to identify themes related to the implementation and development of MHS and CDR. Results for the thematic analysis revealed (1) strengths and limitations in utilizing …

Social Support And The Effects Of The Covid-19 Pandemic Among A Cohort Of People Living With Hiv (Plwh) In Western Kenya, Adel Mburia-Mwalili, Karla D. Wagner, Edith Kamaru Kwobah, Lukoye Atwoli, Maurice Aluda, Brianna Simmons, Jayne Lewis-Kulzer, Suzanne Goodrich, Kara Wools-Kaloustian, Jennifer L. Syvertsen

Internal Medicine, East Africa

As coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic in 2020, countries around the world implemented various prevention strategies, such as banning of public and social gatherings, restriction in movement, etc. These efforts may have had a deleterious effect on already vulnerable populations, including people living with HIV (PLWH). PLWH were concerned about contracting COVID-19, the impact of COVID-19 on their social networks that provide social support, and the continued availability of antiretroviral medications during the pandemic. In addition, their mental health may have been exacerbated by the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to explore pandemic-related concerns among a …

Public Health Measures And Sars-Cov-2 Cases In The Juvenile Justice System: Implications For Pandemic Response In The Detention Setting, Asha Davidson, Shelley Aggarwal, Mona Eissa, Laura Benjamins, John Will, Rebecca Beyda

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 case positivity in juvenile justice facilities of two different states alongside institutional, local, and state public health policies during the first 6 months of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

METHODS: This retrospective chart review examined two large, urban juvenile justice centers in California and Texas. Positive intake or day 12 tests were considered suggestive of community-acquired severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection. Researchers examined state and county restrictions, closings, and openings. The study included all of the youths 10 to 18 years residing in the facilities between March …

Cognitive Assessment Of Health-Care Workers Exposed To Ionizing Radiation And The Assessment Of Radiation Safety Awareness In Different Radiation Oncology Hospitals In Egypt, Basma M. Saleh

Theses and Dissertations

The increase in cancer cases and subsequent increase in chemotherapy and radiotherapy sparked worries over hospital workers' health and safety. There is a global trend towards routine assessment of awareness, safety measures, and radiation protection culture among healthcare workers. There is also a trend towards monitoring the various associations between radiation exposure and different health outcomes. In low- and middle-income countries, the use of advanced techniques and biomarker tests to track the health status of the workers is hard to achieve. This is due to the scarce resources and economic instabilities and that is why using a survey as a …

Neighborhood Condition Prevalence Rates Correlate With Covid-19 Mortality In Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, George L. Morris Iii

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: We sought to determine if census tract-level (ie, neighborhood) COVID-19 death rates in Milwaukee County correlated with the census tract-level condition prevalence rates (CPRs) for individual COVID-19 mortality risk.

Methods: This study used Milwaukee County-reported COVID-19 death rates per 100,000 lives for the 296 census tracts within the county to perform a linear regression with individual COVID-19 mortality risk CPR, mean age, racial composition of census tract (by percentage of non-White residents), and poverty (by percentage within census tract), followed by multiple regression with all 7 CPRs as well as the 7 CPRs combined with the additional demographic variables. …

Not A Waste: Wastewater Surveillance To Enhance Public Health, Anna Gitter, Jeremiah Oghuan, Anuja Rajendra Godbole, Carlos A. Chavarria, Carlos Monserrat, Tao Hu, Yun Wang, Anthony W. Maresso, Blake M. Hanson, Kristina D. Mena, Fuqing Wu

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Domestic wastewater, when collected and evaluated appropriately, can provide valuable health-related information for a community. As a relatively unbiased and non-invasive approach, wastewater surveillance may complement current practices towards mitigating risks and protecting population health. Spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic, wastewater programs are now widely implemented to monitor viral infection trends in sewersheds and inform public health decision-making. This review summarizes recent developments in wastewater-based epidemiology for detecting and monitoring communicable infectious diseases, dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, and illicit drug consumption. Wastewater surveillance, a quickly advancing Frontier in environmental science, is becoming a new tool to enhance public health, improve …

Institute Of Public Health Newsletter- Volume 7, Issue 3, Institute Of Public Health (Iph)

Institute of Public Health Newsletter (IPHNL) and Other Publications

No abstract provided.

Fair Domestic Allocation Of Monkeypox Virus Countermeasures, Govind C. Persad, R. J. Leland, Trygve Ottersen, Henry S. Richardson, Carla Saenz, G. Owen Schaefer, Ezekiel J. Emanuel

Sturm College of Law: Faculty Scholarship

Countermeasures for mpox (formerly known as monkeypox), primarily vaccines, have been in limited supply in many countries during outbreaks. Equitable allocation of scarce resources during public health emergencies is a complex challenge. Identifying the objectives and core values for the allocation of mpox countermeasures, using those values to provide guidance for priority groups and prioritisation tiers, and optimising allocation implementation are important. The fundamental values for the allocation of mpox countermeasures are: preventing death and illness; reducing the association between death or illness and unjust disparities; prioritising those who prevent harm or mitigate disparities; recognising contributions to combating an outbreak; …

Clinical Characteristics Of Covid-19 Waves In The Southeastern United States: A Retrospective Study, Omar Kandah, Robert Sherertz, Richard Duff, Erica Junqueira

South Atlantic Division GME Research Day 2023

No abstract provided.

Adaptive Evaluation For Systems In Rapid Change Or Sustained Transition: Innovations And Applications Generated From A Community-Based Diabetes Prevention Program During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Amy Kuhn

CGU Theses & Dissertations

Program evaluation is a key part of the life cycle of public health and prevention science projects. But in complex environments or evolving situations, existing evaluation theory faces challenges in successful practical application. Process evaluation can track changes as a program runs, but when a program operates outside of its original design, questions can arise related to fidelity of implementation and interpretation of results. Outcome evaluation often requires a closed system without changes to determine actual effects of a program, but in times of complicated change that isolation can be difficult to achieve or to work around. In practice, systems …

Evaluation Of Academic Detailing To Educate Clinicians Regarding Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention: A Pilot Study, Nicholas C. Newman, Jacqueline M. Knapke, Rachael Kiniyalocts, John Belt, Erin N. Haynes

UK CARES Faculty Publications

Context: Environmental exposures are associated with approximately 19% of disease globally, and exposure to neurotoxic chemicals is estimated to cost the United States $50 billion per year. Despite calls from the Institute of Medicine to increase training for clinicians regarding environmental health since the 1990s, there is still little instruction in environmental health for clinicians. This leaves gaps in knowledge that need to be bridged through outreach and education to practicing clinicians. Academic detailing (AD) is an educational intervention associated with improved prescribing practices in healthcare professionals but has not been applied to preventive or environmental health. Childhood lead exposure …

Institute Of Public Health Newsletter- Volume4, Issue2, Institute Of Public Health (Iph)

Institute of Public Health Newsletter (IPHNL) and Other Publications

No abstract provided.

Institute Of Public Health Newsletter- Volume5, Issue1, Institute Of Public Health (Iph)

Institute of Public Health Newsletter (IPHNL) and Other Publications

No abstract provided.