Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Social Determinants Of Health And Genocide: Towards A Public Health Integrated Framework Of Genocide And Mass Violence, Sian Persad, Cheng Xu

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

This paper makes a normative argument about transformations of public health as a necessary condition required in any transitional justice process. We seek to bridge the gap between the fields of genocide and public health to understand the recursive relationship between genocide and the social determinants of health. We show that structures and institutions established during genocide create enduring impacts on the public health outcomes of victim and survivor groups even after the ousting of the original perpetrators. Our comparative analysis of the Rwandan Genocide and the colonial genocide of Indigenous communities in Canada surveys the available public health literature …

Conference Proceedings: Select Abstracts Presented At 2023 Advocate Aurora Scientific Day

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

This abstract supplement includes findings presented at the 49th annual Advocate Aurora Scientific Day on May 24, 2023. The Scientific Day symposium provides a virtual forum for the sharing of preliminary results from research and case studies conducted by faculty, fellows, residents, and other health professionals associated with Illinois-based Advocate Health Care and Wisconsin-based Aurora Health Care.

Understanding The Mechanisms Of Change In The Supportive And Respectful Maternity Care Intervention In Sindh, Pakistan: Provider Perspectives, Bilal Iqbal Avan, Waqas Hameed, Bushra Khan, Muhammad Asim, Sarah Saleem, Sameen Siddiqi

Community Health Sciences

Introduction: We conducted this qualitative investigation to explore the mechanisms of change in providing respectful care resulting from the supportive and respectful maternity care intervention (S-RMC) in Sindh, Pakistan.
Methods: We applied the principles of realist evaluation methodology with a descriptive explanatory research design. We conducted in-depth interviews with 36 maternity care providers at secondary-level public health facilities where S-RMC was implemented for 6 months. The S-RMC broad components included capacity-building of maternity teams and systemic changes for improvements in governance and accountability within public health facilities. Data were analyzed using a deductive content analysis approach.
Results: We identified mechanisms …

A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study Of Atherosclerosis And Dementia, Qiaoyun Zhang, Guangheng Wu, Xiaoyu Zhang, Sheng Wang, Youxin Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The causality between atherosclerosis and dementia remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the causal effect of atherosclerosis related indicators on dementia risk based on two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWASs). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was performed as the main analysis, supplemented by different sensitivity analyses. Suggestive evidence indicated that peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (odds ratio (OR): 0.864, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.797–0.937), coronary atherosclerosis (CoAS) (OR: 0.927, 95% CI: 0.860–0.998) and atherosclerosis, excluding cerebral, coronary, and PAD (ATHSCLE) (OR: 0.812, 95% CI: 0.725–0.909) were inversely associated with the risk of AD. …

How Does The Us Media Frame Personal Experiences Of Termination Of Pregnancy, Christina Relacion

Student Works

Limited studies have examined the lived experience of those facing termination of pregnancy due to fetal anomaly in the U.S., particularly after the 2022 ruling in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization. There exists a body of research elsewhere around the world studying how the media frames these experiences, but little is known about the role American media organizations play as health educators for critical reproductive healthcare topics, such as the termination of pregnancy. This critical analysis sought to understand how the U.S. media frames personal accounts of those who have experienced termination of pregnancy due to fetal anomaly, or …

Community Exercise Program Participation And Mental Well-Being In The U.S. Texas-Mexico Border Region, Alma G. Ochoa Del-Toro, Lisa A. Mitchell-Bennett, Michael Machiorlatti, Candace A. Robledo, Amanda C. Davé, Rebecca N. Lozoya, Belinda M. Reininger

School of Medicine Publications

Hispanics are disproportionately affected by low rates of physical activity and high rates of chronic diseases. Hispanics generally and Mexican Americans specifically are underrepresented in research on physical activity and its impact on mental well-being. Some community-based interventions have been effective in increasing physical activity among Hispanics. This study examined data from a sample of low-income Hispanic participants in free community exercise classes to characterize the association between self-reported frequency of exercise class attendance, intensity of physical activity, and participant well-being. As part of two cross-sectional samples recruited from a stratified random sample of community exercise classes, 302 participants completed …

Global Variation In Diabetes Diagnosis And Prevalence Based On Fasting Glucose And Hemoglobin A1c, Ncd Risk Factor Collaboration (Ncd-Risc), Bin Zhou, Kate E. Sheffer, James E. Bennett, Edward W. Gregg, Goodarz Danaei, Rosie K. Singleton, Jonathan E. Shaw, Gladys Maestre, Jesus D. Melgarejo

School of Medicine Publications

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed …

Addressing Cervical Cancer Disparities In Texas: Expansion Of A Community-Based Prevention Initiative For Medically Underserved Populations, Samantha H. Batman, Melissa L. Varon, Maria Daheri, Tony Ogburn, Saul D. Rivas, Laura Guerra, Paul A. Toscano, Monica Gasca, Lori Campos, Savanah Foster, And Additional Authors

School of Medicine Faculty Publications and Presentations

Although cervical cancer is preventable, significant disparities exist in access to screening and prevention services. In medically underserved areas (MUAs) of Texas, these rates are 55% higher compared to the remainder of the US. In 2019, we expanded a multicomponent, comprehensive program to improve cervical cancer prevention in partnership with 13 clinics and mobile vans in MUAs of Texas. Our multicomponent intervention program consists of community education and patient navigation coupled with a training/mentoring program for local medical providers to perform diagnostic procedures and treatment for patients with abnormal screening results. Hands-on training courses to learn these skills are coupled …

The Prevalence Of Covid-19 Misinformation Among High School Students And Its Influence On National Public Health Perception, Isha Patel

International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities

The global COVID-19 pandemic brought attention to national public health perception and the detriments of medical misinformation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the extent to which susceptibility to common COVID-19 virus and vaccine misconceptions correlate with the high school students’ perception of public health. A survey was distributed to 61 high school students, and it was found that there is a weak negative correlation between acceptance of COVID-19 virus and vaccine misconceptions and national public health perception. The results, however, indicated a prevalence of misconceptions surrounding COVID-19 among participants. Overall, 52.5% of participants rate public health as …

Locked Up: A Look Into Healthcare Behind Bars, Ella Davis

BUHealth

The United States incarceration rate is the highest in the world. Incarcerated individuals are guaranteed a right to healthcare but, it falls short in many correctional facilities, as systemic barriers and inadequate funding often result in substandard care and poor health outcomes. There are multiple challenges that come with providing healthcare in prisons such as limited resources, lack of funding, and staff shortages. Prisoners at every level of the correctional system are known to be less healthy than the general population, and despite multiple efforts to improve healthcare, many prisoners still receive inadequate healthcare. Improving prison healthcare and increasing funding …

Addressing Cervical Cancer Disparities In Texas: Expansion Of A Community-Based Prevention Initiative For Medically Underserved Populations, Samantha H. Batman, Melissa L. Varon, Maria Daheri, Tony Ogburn, Saul D. Rivas, Laura Guerra, Paul Toscano, Monica Gasca, Lori Campos, Savanah Foster

School of Medicine Publications

Although cervical cancer is preventable, significant disparities exist in access to screening and prevention services. In medically underserved areas (MUAs) of Texas, these rates are 55% higher compared to the remainder of the US. In 2019, we expanded a multicomponent, comprehensive program to improve cervical cancer prevention in partnership with 13 clinics and mobile vans in MUAs of Texas. Our multicomponent intervention program consists of community education and patient navigation coupled with a training/mentoring program for local medical providers to perform diagnostic procedures and treatment for patients with abnormal screening results. Hands-on training courses to learn these skills are coupled …

Review Of Toxocariasis At A Children's Hospital Prompting Need For Public Health Interventions, Mary B Fortini, Timothy A Erickson, Lauren M Leining, Karina M Robinson, Megan N Carey, Sarah J Smith, Brendan Sullivan, Alisa R Nelson, Sarah M Gunter, Jill E Weatherhead

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Toxocariasis, caused the by dog and cat roundworm, is one of the most common zoonotic helminth infections in the United States and can lead to severe lifelong morbidity in children. Although historical seroprevalence studies have identified a high frequency of toxocariasis regionally in the United States, there are few studies linking epidemiology and clinical disease in children. The study objective was to examine the contemporary epidemiology of pediatric toxocariasis within an endemic US region.

METHODS: We conducted an epidemiologic study analyzing children diagnosed with toxocariasis presenting to a tertiary pediatric hospital in Texas from 2010 to 2021. We examined …

Psychoactive Substances Consumers Among High School Students: Detection And Intervention, Rebeca Thelma Martínez Villarreal, Alan Fernando García Martínez, Irma Cecilia Rico Ramírez, Brenda Elizabeth Salas Herrera, Claudia Cecilia Salazar Garza

Research Symposium

Purpose: Identify and treat psychoactive substances consumers (PSC) among high school students at Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL); México.

Description: A two-phase program (detection and intervention) was designed. Phase one included urine drug testing (UDT) either from direct aleatory sampling or referrals from within university departments under informed consent.

Phase two for positive PSC, included an interview for psychological needs identification and cognitive behavioral intervention planning.

Between 2017 and 2019, 490 UDT were performed. Results showed 235 PSC (47.9%), 86.4% were males (203) and 13.6% females (32).

Most detected substance was cannabis: 218 students (92.7%); less frequent substances detected …

Patient And Provider Perceptions Of Rapid Telehealth Implementation During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Ryan G. Seibert, Amanda K. Stephenson, Aubrey K. Podell, Yuxiu K. Lei, Sheri K. Keitz

The Lahey Journal

Introduction: Despite unprecedented telehealth adoption during the COVID-19 pandemic, its post-pandemic preservation remains uncertain. Understanding key stakeholders’ perspectives on telehealth during the pandemic can inform evidence-based policies and promote effective, sustainable virtual-based care.

Methods: Patients and providers who completed telehealth visits during the early pandemic in primary care, subspecialty, and surgical outpatient clinics at a large community-based academic medical center in New England were surveyed via telephone interviews or electronic surveys. Thematic analyses of qualitative comments further characterized experiences.

Results: Of 1,729 eligible patients called, 969 were contacted and 778 participated (response rate 80.3% among contacted patients). Among 753 eligible …

A Logistics Approach To Improve Medication Reconciliation In The Outpatient Clinic Setting, Aysha Khan, Demetra Antimisiaris, Madison Perkins, Luz Fernandez

The Cardinal Edge

Medication reconciliation (MR) is the process of determining the most accurate account of medication the patient is taking. Although MR seems simple, research has shown that 25% of medical errors are related to lack of medication reconciliation [1]. In the community clinic setting, the task of medication reconciliation falls on the Medical Assistants (MAs). A preliminary study of MR accuracy in an outpatient clinic found an average of 5.8 discrepancies in the chart medication list [2]. The most notable were incomplete directions, wrong directions, or wrong frequency of dosing. Unoptimized medication use is estimated to result in 275,869 deaths per …

"I Believe More In The Ability Of The Small Person To Make Big Changes": Innovation And Social Entrepreneurship To Promote Public Health In Israel., Keren Dopelt, Nila Mordehay, Shir Goren, Aviya Cohen, Paul Barach

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

Social entrepreneurship has grown worldwide in recent decades as it attempts to create and implement innovative solutions to social and environmental issues through business strategies. The aim of this study was to explore what motivates public health social entrepreneurs to act, the challenges and barriers they face, achievements, and competencies required for success. As such, we interviewed 15 social entrepreneurs in Israel. Budget issues, regulatory barriers, and struggles against powerful companies were the frequent barriers to success. The interviewees indicated several achievements at the health policy level by positioning and becoming an authority in the field, positively influencing other people's …

Public Health Ai Assignment, Amber Lyon-Colbert

AI Assignment Library

This assignment utilizes course foundational knowledge: Explain the social, political and economic determinants of health and how they contribute to population health and health inequities. This assignment addresses and strengthens our CEPH Competency #5 D2-11 Select methods to evaluate public health programs.

Innovations In Health-Care Service Delivery During The Pandemic, Taryn Vian, Ankita Meghani Phd

Nursing and Health Professions Faculty Research and Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted health service delivery as countries implemented lockdowns and issued stay-at-home orders. Despite attempts to make essential health services available throughout, the pandemic strained health systems and resulted in rampant shortages of health commodities, beds and health-care staff. There were concomitant declines in tuberculosis screening, HIV testing, and maternal and child health services.2 However, the global pandemic also accelerated the pace of innovation. Some initiatives served as stopgap measures implemented to maintain health services, whereas others helped leapfrog progress in the areas of health information systems, telemedicine, and regulatory policy, bringing efficiencies that could be applied even …

Adaptability In Community-Based Participatory Research: Comparisons Of Coalitions In The Deep South, Candace Forbes Bright Phd

Journal of Public Health in the Deep South

Background: Health inequities in the Gulf states are complex issues to resolve, and no single solution or strategy can improve the health rankings in each state. Yet, using grassroots approaches and building community partnerships are promising strategies to identify important health issues and opportunities for policy change. Purpose: This paper illustrates how the Gulf States Health Policy Center coalitions in four different locations used the same community-based participatory research model, but with distinct differences in processes, across nine projects to address issues that negatively affected population health. Methods: Recognizing that communities have unique needs, resources, and complementary health efforts, we …

Strategies For Strengthening The Resilience Of Public Health Systems For Pandemics, Disasters, And Other Emergencies, Benjamin Ryan, Mayumi Kako, Rok Fink, Perihan Şimşek, Paul Barach, Jose Acosta, Sanjaya Bhatia, Mark Brickhouse, Matthew Fendt, Alicia Fontenot, Nahuel Arenas Garcia, Shelby Garner, Abdülkadir Gunduz, D Mike Hardin, Tim Hatch, Lashonda Malrey-Horne, Makiko Macdermot, Ryoma Kayano, Joshua Mckone, Chaverle Noel, Shuhei Nomura, Jeremy Novak, Andrew Stricklin, Raymond Swienton, Ismail Tayfur, Bryan Brooks

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize strategies for strengthening public health system resilience for pandemics, disasters, and other emergencies using a scorecard approach.

METHODS: The United Nations Public Health System Resilience Scorecard (Scorecard) was applied across 5 workshops in Slovenia, Turkey, and the United States of America. The workshops focused on participants reviewing and discussing 23 questions/indicators. A Likert type scale was used for scoring with zero being the lowest and 5 the highest. The workshop scores were analyzed and discussed by participants to prioritize areas of need and develop resilience strategies. Data from all …

Critical Issues In Community Health Course At Kingsborough Cc (Coh 1200) - Fall 2023, Jose Nanin

Open Educational Resources

This syllabus includes OER materials and college policies for a fully online course that exposes students to a range of topics and methods that health specialists use to research health disparities in affected communities. Through readings and videos, as well as online course assignments and discussions, students learn about library/database research methods, credibility of health information, and the health disparities most commonly occurring in modern society.

Low-Cost Pm2.5 Sensors Can Help Identify Driving Factors Of Poor Air Quality And Benefit Communities, Tim Keyes, Rea Domingo, Samantha Dynowski, Royal Graves, Martha Klein, Melissa Leonard, John Pilgrim, Alison Sanchirico, Kate Trinkaus

WCBT Faculty Publications

Air quality is critical for public health. Residents rely chiefly on government agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States to establish standards for the measurement of harmful contaminants including ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, volatile organic chemicals (VOCs), and fine particulate matter at or below 2.5 μm. According to the California Air Resources Board [1], “short-term PM2.5 exposure (up to 24-h duration) has been associated with premature mortality, increased hospital admissions for heart or lung causes, acute and chronic bronchitis, asthma attacks, emergency room visits, respiratory symptoms, and restricted activity days”. While public agency resources …

50 Years After The Bunker Hill Mine Fire Caused One Of The Largest Lead-Poisoning Cases In Us History, Idaho’S Silver Valley Is Still At Risk, Martin Schiavenato

Nursing Faculty Scholarship

On Sept. 3, 1973, a fire swept through the baghouse of the Bunker Hill mine in Idaho’s Silver Valley. The building was designed to filter pollutants produced by smelting, the melting of rocks that separates metal from its ore. The gases produced in this process carried poisons, including lead.

At the time, the prices of lead and silver were climbing toward all-time highs. Rather than wait for new filters and repairs, company officials kept the mine running. They increased production, bypassed the filtration steps and, for eleven months, dumped noxious gases directly into the surrounding area.

Then, horses …

Developing An Ethical Framework-Guided Instrument For Assessing Bias In Ehr-Based Big Data Studies: A Research Protocol, Shan Qiao Ph.D., George Khushf, Xiaoming Li, Jiajia Zhang Ph.D., Bankole Olatosi Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Introduction The emergence of Big Data health research has exponentially advanced the fields of medicine and public health but has also faced many ethical challenges. One of most worrying but still under-researched aspects of the ethical issues is the risk of potential biases in data sets (eg, electronic health records (EHR) data) as well as in the data curation and acquisition cycles. This study aims to develop, refine and pilot test an ethical framework-guided instrument for assessing bias in Big Data research using EHR data sets.

Methods and analysis Ethical analysis and instrument development (ie, the EHR bias assessment guideline) …

Food Insecurity And Residential Segregation Among Adults In The United States: The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey 2017- March 2020 Pre-Pandemic Data., Chandre' L. Chaney

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Food insecurity is when a household has insufficient food supply due to limited economic resources. It is a public health issue that continues to persist. The health, social, and economic impact affects millions of people nationwide. Residential segregation is a primary cause of inequities and health disparities. It shapes the differences in socio-economic conditions between Blacks and Whites living in the U.S. This country is segregated across racial lines in many of our most populated metropolitan cities. Americans worship in different churches, learn in disparate schools, and live in separate neighborhoods. Residential segregation has consequences that impact the economy, professional …

Telehealth Diagnosis Of Autism Spectrum Disorder Through Clinical Cases, Emmanuela Ojukwu, Eunice Bawafaa, Sara Afsah, Shivangi Singh, Harsimran Grewal, Zainab Raja, Emily Mckay

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) adolescents are disproportionately affected by teen pregnancy in North America. Teen pregnancy poses risks to the quality of life of adolescent boys and girls, including physical, psychosocial and socioeconomic risks. Our review aims to explore this public health concern for ACB adolescents within North America. We aim to identify and analyse available evidence on the incidence and prevalence of, associated factors of and interventions to curtail teen pregnancy involvement (TPI) among ACB adolescent boys and girls in North America. This review will explore TPI, rather than teen pregnancy, to ensure a review of men' …

A Qualitative Study Of The Experiences Of Obesity, Body Image, And Mental Health Of British-Born Afro-Caribbean Male Students At A West Yorkshire University In England, Johnson Mbabazi, Dorothy Irene Nalweyiso, Fiona Macgregor, Jeff Breckon, Edward Kunonga, Barry Tolchard, Rosemary Dawson, Jennifer Teke, Josette Bettany Saltikov, George William Kagugube, Lawrence Achilles Nnyanzi

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Obesity, body image, and depression are all biopsychosocial phenomena that are frequently misunderstood across cultures. Body dissatisfaction is a psychological aspect of obesity that has been associated with disordered eating, low self-esteem, and depression. Nevertheless, body image dissatisfaction may affect non-obese individuals too. Those with a positive body image are more likely to participate in physical activity than those with a negative body image. Individuals who are satisfied with their body image are more likely to possess high self-esteem, confidence, and healthy eating habits. Obesity prevention among the black population is increasingly important. This study sought to examine the perceptions …

Simulation As A Key Training Method For Inculcating Public Health Leadership Skills: A Mixed Methods Study, Keren Dopelt, Itamar Shevach, Ofek Eliad Vardimon, Katarzyna Czabanowska, Jascha De Nooijer, Robert Otok, Lore Leighton, Osnat Bashkin, Mariusz Duplaga, Hagai Levine, Fiona Macleod, Maureen Malowany, Leah Okenwa-Emegwa, Shira Zelber-Sagi, Nadav Davidovitch, Paul Barach

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Successful management of public health challenges requires developing and nurturing leadership competencies. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of training simulations to assess public health leadership and decision-making competencies during emergencies as an effective learning and training method.

METHODS: We examined the effects of two simulation scenarios on public health school students in terms of their experience (compared to face-to-face learning) and new skills acquired for dealing with similar emergent situations in the future. A mixed-methods design included developing a validated and pre-tested questionnaire with open-and closed-ended questions that examined the simulation impact and the degree of student satisfaction …

A Descriptive, Multi-Site Case Study To Discover The Inclusion Of Disability Competencies In Undergraduate Public Health Program Curricula In California-Based Public Universities, Jacqueline Suzanne Siukola Tompkins

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Nearly one in four adults and one in six children in the United States (U.S.) have a disability. Despite the evidence documenting health differences, public health professionals receive inconsistent or little-to-no disability education in graduate public health curricula. Undergraduate public health (UGPH) programs have an expanding role in building the future public health workforce, including the U.S. governmental public health workforce. However, the inclusion of disability-related content within UGPH program curricula is currently unknown. The purpose of this multi-site case study was to conduct preliminary research to describe how disability-related curricula are or can be included in UGPH program curricula …

Institute Of Public Health Newsletter- Volume 5, Issue 2, Institute Of Public Health (Iph)

Institute of Public Health Newsletter (IPHNL) and Other Publications

No abstract provided.