Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Association Between Perioperative Prophylaxis With Cefuroxime Plus Metronidazole Or Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid And Surgical Site Infections In Paediatric Uncomplicated Appendectomy: A Swiss Retrospective Cohort Study, Isabella Bielicki, Hanna Schmid, Andrew Atkinson, Christian R Kahlert, Christoph Berger, Nicolas Troillet, Jonas Marschall, Julia A Bielicki, Swissnoso

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the association between post-appendectomy SSI rates and the two most commonly used regimens for perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in Swiss children.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study, analysing data from the Swiss national SSI surveillance database with a study period from 2014 to 2018. All hospitals undertaking paediatric appendectomies in Switzerland participate in the surveillance. We compared the cumulative incidence and odds of post-appendectomy SSI within 30 days of surgery in children ≤ 16 years of age undergoing appendectomy for uncomplicated appendicitis and receiving perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis with cefuroxime plus metronidazole or with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid …

Bap1 Promotes Osteoclast Function By Metabolic Reprogramming, Nidhi Rohatgi, Wei Zou, Yongjia Li, Kevin Cho, Patrick L Collins, Eric Tycksen, Gaurav Pandey, Carl J Deselm, Gary J Patti, Anwesha Dey, Steven L Teitelbaum

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Treatment of osteoporosis commonly diminishes osteoclast number which suppresses bone formation thus compromising fracture prevention. Bone formation is not suppressed, however, when bone degradation is reduced by retarding osteoclast functional resorptive capacity, rather than differentiation. We find deletion of deubiquitinase, BRCA1-associated protein 1 (Bap1), in myeloid cells (Bap1

Chronic Cough Relief By Allosteric Modulation Of P2x3 Without Taste Disturbance, Chang-Run Guo, Zhong-Zhe Zhang, Xing Zhou, Meng-Yang Sun, Tian-Tian Li, Yun-Tao Lei, Yu-Hao Gao, Qing-Quan Li, Chen-Xi Yue, Yu Gao, Yi-Yu Lin, Cui-Yun Hao, Chang-Zhu Li, Peng Cao, Michael X Zhu, Ming-Qiang Rong, Wen-Hui Wang, Ye Yu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

P2X receptors are cation channels that sense extracellular ATP. Many therapeutic candidates targeting P2X receptors have begun clinical trials or acquired approval for the treatment of refractory chronic cough (RCC) and other disorders. However, the present negative allosteric modulation of P2X receptors is primarily limited to the central pocket or the site below the left flipper domain. Here, we uncover a mechanism of allosteric regulation of P2X3 in the inner pocket of the head domain (IP-HD), and show that the antitussive effects of quercetin and PSFL2915 (our nM-affinity P2X3 inhibitor optimized based on quercetin) on male mice and guinea pigs …

Mortality Benefit Of A Blood-Based Biomarker Panel For Lung Cancer On The Basis Of The Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, And Ovarian Cohort, Ehsan Irajizad, Johannes F Fahrmann, Tracey Marsh, Jody Vykoukal, Jennifer B Dennison, James P Long, Kim-Anh Do, Ziding Feng, Samir Hanash, Edwin J Ostrin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: To investigate the utility of integrating a panel of circulating protein biomarkers in combination with a risk model on the basis of subject characteristics to identify individuals at high risk of harboring a lethal lung cancer.

Methods: Data from an established logistic regression model that combines four-marker protein panel (4MP) together with the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) risk model (PLCOm2012) assayed in prediagnostic sera from 552 lung cancer cases and 2,193 noncases from the PLCO cohort were used in this study. Of the 552 lung cancer cases, 387 (70%) died of lung cancer. Cumulative incidence of lung …

Sedentary Bout Patterns And Metabolic Health In The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study Of Latino Youth (Sol Youth)., Jordan A. Carlson, Paul R. Hibbing, Bethany Forseth, Keith M. Diaz, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Carolina M. Bejarano, Andrea T. Duran, Sheila F. Castañeda, Melawhy L. Garcia, Krista M. Perreira, Martha L. Daviglus, Linda Van Horn, Marc D. Gellman, Carmen R. Isasi, Jianwen Cai, Alan M. Delamater, Vincent S. Staggs, John Thyfault, Linda C. Gallo

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background There is limited evidence on the potential negative metabolic health impacts of prolonged and uninterrupted sedentary bouts in structurally disadvantaged youth. This study investigated associations between sedentary bout variables and metabolic health markers in the Hispanic Community Health Study/SOL Youth (Study of Latino Youth). Methods and Results SOL Youth was a population-based cohort of 1466 youth (age range, 8-16 years; 48.5% female); 957 youth were included in the analytic sample based on complete data. Accelerometers measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), total sedentary time, and sedentary bout patterns (daily time spent in sedentary bouts ≥30 minutes, median sedentary bout duration, …

Association Of Antimicrobial Perioperative Prophylaxis With Cefuroxime Plus Metronidazole Or Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid And Surgical Site Infections In Colorectal Surgery, Elisavet Stavropoulou, Andrew Atkinson, Marie-Christine Eisenring, Christoph A Fux, Jonas Marschall, Laurence Senn, Nicolas Troillet

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: To compare intravenous (IV) amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (A/CA) to IV cefuroxime plus metronidazole (C + M) for preventing surgical site infections (SSI) in colorectal surgery.

BACKGROUND: Given their spectra that include most Enterobacterales and anaerobes, C + M is commonly recommended as prophylaxis of SSI in colorectal surgery. A/CA offers good coverage of Enterobacterales and anaerobes as well, but, in contrast to C + M, it also includes Enterococcus faecalis which is also isolated from patients with SSI and could trigger anastomotic leakage.

METHODS: Data from a Swiss SSI surveillance program were used to compare SSI rates after class II …

A Blood-Based Metabolomic Signature Predictive Of Risk For Pancreatic Cancer, Ehsan Irajizad, Ana Kenney, Tiffany Tang, Jody Vykoukal, Ranran Wu, Eunice Murage, Jennifer B Dennison, Marta Sans, James P Long, Maureen Loftus, John A Chabot, Michael D Kluger, Fay Kastrinos, Lauren Brais, Ana Babic, Kunal Jajoo, Linda S Lee, Thomas E Clancy, Kimmie Ng, Andrea Bullock, Jeanine M Genkinger, Anirban Maitra, Kim-Anh Do, Bin Yu, Brian M Wolpin, Sam Hanash, Johannes F Fahrmann

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Emerging evidence implicates microbiome involvement in the development of pancreatic cancer (PaCa). Here, we investigate whether increases in circulating microbial-related metabolites associate with PaCa risk by applying metabolomics profiling to 172 sera collected within 5 years prior to PaCa diagnosis and 863 matched non-subject sera from participants in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cohort. We develop a three-marker microbial-related metabolite panel to assess 5-year risk of PaCa. The addition of five non-microbial metabolites further improves 5-year risk prediction of PaCa. The combined metabolite panel complements CA19-9, and individuals with a combined metabolite panel + CA19-9 score in the …

Association Between Alcohol Consumption And Ectopic Fat In The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, Richard Kazibwe, Parag A Chevli, Joni K Evans, Matthew Allison, Erin D Michos, Alexis C Wood, Jingzhong Ding, Michael D Shapiro, Morgana Mongraw-Chaffin

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background The relationship between alcohol consumption and ectopic fat distribution, both known factors for cardiovascular disease, remains understudied. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between alcohol consumption and ectopic adiposity in adults at risk for cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results In this cross-sectional analysis, we categorized alcohol intake among participants in MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) as follows (drinks/day): <1 >(light drinking), 1 to 2 (moderate drinking), >2 (heavy drinking), former drinking, and lifetime abstention. Binge drinking was defined as consuming ≥5 drinks on 1 occasion in the past month. Visceral, subcutaneous, and intermuscular fat area, pericardial fat volume, and …

Age- And Sex-Specific Reference Values Of Biventricular Flow Components And Kinetic Energy By 4d Flow Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance In Healthy Subjects, Xiaodan Zhao, Ru-San Tan, Pankaj Garg, Ping Chai, Shuang Leng, Jennifer Ann Bryant, Lynette L S Teo, Tee Joo Yeo, Marielle V Fortier, Ting Ting Low, Ching Ching Ong, Shuo Zhang, Rob J Van Der Geest, John C Allen, Teng Hong Tan, James W Yip, Ju Le Tan, Marina Hughes, Sven Plein, Jos J M Westenberg, Liang Zhong

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Advances in four-dimensional flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (4D flow CMR) have allowed quantification of left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) blood flow. We aimed to (1) investigate age and sex differences of 4D flow CMR-derived LV and RV relative flow components and kinetic energy (KE) parameters indexed to end-diastolic volume (KEi

METHODS: We performed 4D flow analysis in 163 healthy participants (42% female; mean age 43 ± 13 years) of a prospective registry study (NCT03217240) who were free of cardiovascular diseases. Relative flow components (direct flow, retained inflow, delayed ejection flow, residual volume) and multiple phasic KEi

RESULTS: …

Clinical Characteristics And Outcome Correlates Of Chinese Patients With Takotsubo Syndrome: Results From The First Chinese Takotsubo Syndrome Registry, Tou Kun Chong, Kan Liu, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical features and outcomes of Chinese patients with Takotsubo syndrome (TTS).

METHODS: We established the first Chinese Registry of Takotsubo Syndrome (ChiTTS Registry) and analyzed demographic, clinical, therapeutical, and outcome data to characterize clinical and outcome features of Chinese TTS patients.

RESULTS: In 112 enrolled patients in the ChiTTS registry from 02/01/2016 to 12/28/2021, the mean age was 59.4 ± 18.7 years old, and 27.7% were men. A total of 41.1% patients experienced respiratory and circulatory complications during hospitalization, and 17.3% patients developed cardiogenic shock. Physical triggers, dyspnea, tachycardia, and younger age (< 70 years old) predicted in-hospital complications. The MACCE rate during follow up was 13.9% per patient per year and the rate of all-cause death was 12.8% per patient per year. TTS patients with in-hospital complications developed more long-term MACCE (24.6% vs. 6.6% per patient-year, P < 0.001) and higher all-cause mortality (21.9% vs. 6.6% per patient-year, P = 0.001) than those without. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that more MACCE occurred in TTS patients with tachycardia during 3-year follow-up (HR 4.18; 95% CI 1.80-9.74; log-rank test P < 0.001). Among all medications at discharge, only beta-blocker was associated with reduced long-term MACCE (HR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.12-0.996; P = 0.049).

CONCLUSION: We investigated clinical …

N-Terminal Α-Amino Sumoylation Of Cofilin-1 Is Critical For Its Regulation Of Actin Depolymerization, Weiji Weng, Xiaokun Gu, Yang Yang, Qiao Zhang, Qi Deng, Jie Zhou, Jinke Cheng, Michael X Zhu, Junfeng Feng, Ou Huang, Yong Li

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) typically conjugates to target proteins through isopeptide linkage to the ε-amino group of lysine residues. This posttranslational modification (PTM) plays pivotal roles in modulating protein function. Cofilins are key regulators of actin cytoskeleton dynamics and are well-known to undergo several different PTMs. Here, we show that cofilin-1 is conjugated by SUMO1 both in vitro and in vivo. Using mass spectrometry and biochemical and genetic approaches, we identify the N-terminal α-amino group as the SUMO-conjugation site of cofilin-1. Common to conventional SUMOylation is that the N-α-SUMOylation of cofilin-1 is also mediated by SUMO activating (E1), conjugating (E2), …

Location And Extent Of Cavernous Transformation Of The Portal Vein Dictates Different Visceral Side Revascularization In Meso-Rex Bypass, Rui Tang, Guangdong Wu, Qiang Yu, Xuan Tong, Xiangfei Meng, Yucheng Hou, Xin Huang, Abudusalamu Aini, Lihan Yu, Weidong Duan, Qian Lu, Jun Yan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: As an emerging standard of care for portal vein cavernous transformation (PVCT), Meso-Rex bypass (MRB) has been complicated and variated. The study aim was to propose a new classification of PVCT to guide MRB operations.

METHODS: Demographic data, the extent of extrahepatic PVCT, surgical methods for visceral side revascularization, intraoperative blood loss, operating time, changes in visceral venous pressure before and after MRB, postoperative complications and the condition of bypass vessels after MRB were extracted retrospectively from the medical records of 19 patients.

RESULTS: The median age of the patients (13 males and 6 females) was 32.5 years, while …

Randomized Controlled Trial Of Mechanical Thrombectomy Vs Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis For Acute Hemodynamically Stable Pulmonary Embolism: Rationale And Design Of The Peerless Study, Carin F. Gonsalves, C Michael Gibson, Stefan Stortecky, Roger A Alvarez, Daren M Beam, James M Horowitz, Mitchell J Silver, Catalin Toma, John H Rundback, Stuart P Rosenberg, Craig D Markovitz, Thomas Tu, Wissam A Jaber

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The identification of hemodynamically stable pulmonary embolism (PE) patients who may benefit from advanced treatment beyond anticoagulation is unclear. However, when intervention is deemed necessary by the PE patient's care team, data to select the most advantageous interventional treatment option are lacking. Limiting factors include major bleeding risks with systemic and locally delivered thrombolytics and the overall lack of randomized controlled trial (RCT) data for interventional treatment strategies. Considering the expansion of the pulmonary embolism response team (PERT) model, corresponding rise in interventional treatment, and number of thrombolytic and nonthrombolytic catheter-directed devices coming to market, robust evidence is needed …

Description Of A New Pavlovskyella Species (Acari: Argasidae) From Chile, Sebastián Muñoz-Leal, José M Venzal, Alexander R Kneubehl, Job E Lopez, Thiago F Martins, Marcelo B Labruna

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Soft ticks (Argasidae) of the Pavlovskyella Pospelova-Shtrom subgenus are important vectors of relapsing fever spirochetes, which are agents of disease globally. South American representatives of the Pavlovskyella subgenus include 3 species: Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) brasiliensis Aragão, Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) furcosus Neumann, and Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) rostratus Aragão. Here, we describe a fourth species based on morphological and mitogenomic evidence of ticks collected in burrows of unknown hosts in central Chile. The larva of the new species separates from other South American soft ticks by the following combination of characters: 13 pairs of dorsolateral setae, dorsal plate hexagonal, hypostome blunt with denticles from apex …

Sars-Cov-2 Niches In Human Placenta Revealed By Spatial Transcriptomics, Enrico R Barrozo, Maxim D Seferovic, Eumenia C C Castro, Angela M Major, David N Moorshead, Michael D Jochum, Ricardo Ferral Rojas, Cynthia D Shope, Kjersti M Aagaard

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Functional placental niches are presumed to spatially separate maternal-fetal antigens and restrict the vertical transmission of pathogens. We hypothesized a high-resolution map of placental transcription could provide direct evidence for niche microenvironments with unique functions and transcription profiles.

METHODS: We utilized Visium Spatial Transcriptomics paired with H&E staining to generate 17,927 spatial transcriptomes. By integrating these spatial transcriptomes with 273,944 placental single-cell and single-nuclei transcriptomes, we generated an atlas composed of at least 22 subpopulations in the maternal decidua, fetal chorionic villi, and chorioamniotic membranes.

FINDINGS: Comparisons of placentae from uninfected healthy controls (n = 4) with COVID-19 asymptomatic …

Facilitators And Barriers To Optimal Home Blood Pressure Management In Patients With Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy In A Tertiary Care Facility In Abuja, Nigeria: A Qualitative Research Study, Zainab Mahmoud, Adaego A Orji, Chukwuebuka F Okoye, Friday O Ameh, Erica Jamro-Comer, Aliyu Isah, Bissallah Ekele, Godwin Akaba, Dike B Ojji, Mark D Huffman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Nigeria has one of the highest burdens of maternal deaths globally, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the country. There is a significant implementation gap in utilizing evidence-based practices for the management of HDP in Nigeria. This study evaluated facilitators and barriers to implementing a home blood pressure monitoring program to improve management of HDP.

METHODS: From August 2022 to September 2022, we conducted 15 semi-structured, key informant interviews and 4 focus group discussions among patients, health care workers, and administrators at University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH), a …

Rehabilitation Interventions For Physical Capacity And Quality Of Life In Adults With Post-Covid-19 Condition: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis., Dimitra V Pouliopoulou, Joy C Macdermid, Emily Saunders, Sue Peters, Laura Brunton, Erin Miller, Kieran L Quinn, Tiago V Pereira, Pavlos Bobos

Physical Therapy Publications

IMPORTANCE: Current rehabilitation guidelines for patients with post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) are primarily based on expert opinions and observational data, and there is an urgent need for evidence-based rehabilitation interventions to support patients with PCC.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the findings of existing studies that report on physical capacity (including functional exercise capacity, muscle function, dyspnea, and respiratory function) and quality of life outcomes following rehabilitation interventions in patients with PCC.

DATA SOURCES: A systematic electronic search was performed from January 2020 until February 2023, in MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, and the Clinical Trials Registry. Key terms that were used to identify potentially …

State Public Assistance Spending And Survival Among Adults With Cancer, Justin M Barnes, Kenton J Johnston, Kimberly J Johnson, Fumiko Chino, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Social determinants of health contribute to disparities in cancer outcomes. State public assistance spending, including Medicaid and cash assistance programs for socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals, may improve access to care; address barriers, such as food and housing insecurity; and lead to improved cancer outcomes for marginalized populations.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether state-level public assistance spending is associated with overall survival (OS) among individuals with cancer, overall and by race and ethnicity.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study included US adults aged at least 18 years with a new cancer diagnosis from 2007 to 2013, with follow-up through 2019. Data …

Development And Replication Of Objective Measurements Of Social Visual Engagement To Aid In Early Diagnosis And Assessment Of Autism, Warren Jones, Cheryl Klaiman, Shana Richardson, Meena Lambha, Morganne Reid, Taralee Hamner, Chloe Beacham, Peter Lewis, Jose Paredes, Laura Edwards, Natasha Marrus, John N Constantino, Sarah Shultz, Ami Klin

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Autism spectrum disorder is a common and early-emerging neurodevelopmental condition. While 80% of parents report having had concerns for their child's development before age 2 years, many children are not diagnosed until ages 4 to 5 years or later.

OBJECTIVE: To develop an objective performance-based tool to aid in early diagnosis and assessment of autism in children younger than 3 years.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In 2 prospective, consecutively enrolled, broad-spectrum, double-blind studies, we developed an objective eye-tracking-based index test for children aged 16 to 30 months, compared its performance with best-practice reference standard diagnosis of autism (discovery study), …

An Intraoperative Telemedicine Program To Improve Perioperative Quality Measures: The Actfast-3 Randomized Clinical Trial, Christopher R King, Stephen Gregory, Bradley A Fritz, Thaddeus P Budelier, Arbi Ben Abdallah, Alex Kronzer, Daniel L Helsten, Brian Torres, Sherry Mckinnon, Shreya Goswami, Divya Mehta, Omokhaye Higo, Paul Kerby, Bernadette Henrichs, Mary C Politi, Joanna Abraham, Michael S Avidan, Thomas Kannampallil, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Telemedicine for clinical decision support has been adopted in many health care settings, but its utility in improving intraoperative care has not been assessed.

OBJECTIVE: To pilot the implementation of a real-time intraoperative telemedicine decision support program and evaluate whether it reduces postoperative hypothermia and hyperglycemia as well as other quality of care measures.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This single-center pilot randomized clinical trial (Anesthesiology Control Tower-Feedback Alerts to Supplement Treatments [ACTFAST-3]) was conducted from April 3, 2017, to June 30, 2019, at a large academic medical center in the US. A total of 26 254 adult surgical patients …

Conditional Risks Of Biochemical Failure And Prostate Cancer-Specific Death In Patients Undergoing External Beam Radiotherapy: A Secondary Analysis Of 2 Randomized Clinical Trials, Gregory S. Alexander, Rebecca F Krc, James W Assif, Kai Sun, Jason K Molitoris, Phuoc Tran, Zaker Rana, Søren M Bentzen, Mark V Mishra

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

IMPORTANCE: As patients achieve years of survival after treatment for prostate cancer, the risk of biochemical failure (BF) or prostate cancer-specific death (PCSD) may evolve over time, with clinical relevance to both patients and clinicians.

OBJECTIVE: To determine conditional BF-free survival, PSCD, and overall survival estimates for patients with low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer enrolled in the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0126 and RTOG 0415 clinical trials. A secondary objective was to determine whether prognostic factors at diagnosis remain relevant at later points in follow-up.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A pooled secondary analysis of patients treated with external-beam radiotherapy …

Genetic Susceptibility To Cognitive Decline Following Craniospinal Irradiation For Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumors, Austin L Brown, Pagna Sok, Kimberly P Raghubar, Philip J Lupo, Melissa A Richard, Alanna C Morrison, Jun J Yang, Clinton F Stewart, Mehmet Fatih Okcu, Murali M Chintagumpala, Amar Gajjar, Lisa S Kahalley, Heather Conklin, Michael E Scheurer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Survivors of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors treated with craniospinal irradiation (CSI) exhibit long-term cognitive difficulties. Goals of this study were to evaluate longitudinal effects of candidate and novel genetic variants on cognitive decline following CSI.

METHODS: Intelligence quotient (IQ), working memory (WM), and processing speed (PS) were longitudinally collected from patients treated with CSI (n = 241). Genotype-by-time interactions were evaluated using mixed-effects linear regression to identify common variants (minor allele frequency > 1%) associated with cognitive performance change. Novel variants associated with cognitive decline (P < 5 × 10-5) in individuals of European ancestry (n = 163) were considered replicated if they demonstrated consistent genotype-by-time interactions (P < .05) in individuals of non-European ancestries (n = 78) and achieved genome-wide statistical significance (P < 5 × 10-8) in a meta-analysis across ancestry groups.

RESULTS: Participants were mostly males (65%) diagnosed with embryonal tumors (98%) at …

Trends And Associated Factors Of Hiv, Hcv And Syphilis Infection Among Different Drug Users In The China-Vietnam Border Area: An 11-Year Cross-Sectional Study (2010-2020), Tong Luo, Zhaosen Lin, Zhenxian Wu, Ping Cen, Aidan Nong, Rongye Huang, Jianhua Che, Fengfeng Liang, Yuan Yang, Jie Liu, Li Huang, Jie Cai, Yanyun Ou, Li Ye, Lijuan Bao, Bingyu Liang, Hao Liang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Data on recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis prevalence among drug users in the Southwest China are sparse despite the high burden of drug use. This study aims at assessing the prevalence trends and related factors of HIV, HCV and syphilis infection among different drug users in the China-Vietnam border area.

METHODS: A continuous cross-sectional survey was conducted among drug users from 2010 to 2020 in the China-Vietnam border area. Chi-square trend tests were used to assess the trend of HIV, HCV and syphilis prevalence and the proportion for drug type used by drug …

Open-Label Study Of Consecutive Ibogaine And 5-Meo-Dmt Assisted-Therapy For Trauma-Exposed Male Special Operations Forces Veterans: Prospective Data From A Clinical Program In Mexico, Alan Kooi Davis, Yitong Xin, Nathan Sepeda, Lynnette A Averill

Staff and Researcher Publications

Background: Research in psychedelic medicine has focused primarily on civilian populations. Further study is needed to understand whether these treatments are effective for Veteran populations.

Objectives: Here, we examine the effectiveness of psychedelic-assisted therapy among trauma-exposed Special Operations Forces Veterans (SOFV) seeking treatment for cognitive and mental health problems in Mexico.

Methods: Data were collected from an ibogaine and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) clinical treatment program for SOFV with a history of trauma exposure. This clinical program collects prospective clinical program evaluation data, such as background characteristics, symptom severity, functioning (e.g., satisfaction with life, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, …

Development Of A Culturally Adapted Dietary Intervention To Reduce Alzheimer's Disease Risk Among Older Black Adults, Ashley R Shaw, Mickeal N Key, Samantha Fikru, Saria Lofton, Debra K Sullivan, Jannette Berkley-Patton, Crystal M Glover, Jeffrey M Burns, Eric D Vidoni

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The objective of this study is to identify and understand knowledge and attitudes that influence dietary practices among older Black adults using a community-engaged approach. This is a non-interventional mixed methods study designed to inform the development of an adapted brain-healthy soul food diet intervention. A purposive sampling approach was used to conduct seven semi-structured focus group discussions and an online quantitative survey. In total, 39 participants who self-identified as Black, aged 55 years and older, English speaking, and who were cognitively normal with an AD8 < 2; (25.6% men; 74.4% women) participated in the online survey and one of the seven 60 min virtual focus group discussions (5-7 per focus group). Quantitative frequency data from the online surveys were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative focus group data were analyzed using a 6-step thematic analysis process. Five themes emerged: dementia awareness; practices shaping food choices and consumption; barriers to eating healthy; instrumental support; and elements of a culturally adapted brain-healthy dietary intervention. Older Black adults perceived an adapted MIND dietary model as the most acceptable with the incorporation of salient cultural characteristics and strategies within both the design and delivery phases.

Associations Of Sex, Race, And Apolipoprotein E Alleles With Multiple Domains Of Cognition Among Older Adults, Skylar Walters, Carlos Cruchaga, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Sex differences are established in associations between apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer disease (AD). However, it is unclear whether sex-specific cognitive consequences of APOE are consistent across races and extend to the APOE ε2 allele.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether sex and race modify APOE ε4 and ε2 associations with cognition.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This genetic association study included longitudinal cognitive data from 4 AD and cognitive aging cohorts. Participants were older than 60 years and self-identified as non-Hispanic White or non-Hispanic Black (hereafter, White and Black). Data were previously collected across multiple US locations …

Evaluation Of Field Sobriety Tests For Identifying Drivers Under The Influence Of Cannabis: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Thomas D Marcotte, Anya Umlauf, David J Grelotti, Emily G Sones, Kyle F Mastropietro, Raymond T Suhandynata, Marilyn A. Huestis, Igor Grant, Robert L Fitzgerald

Institute of Emerging Health Professions Faculty Papers

IMPORTANCE: With increasing medicinal and recreational cannabis legalization, there is a public health need for effective and unbiased evaluations for determining whether a driver is impaired due to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure. Field sobriety tests (FSTs) are a key component of the gold standard law enforcement officer-based evaluations, yet controlled studies are inconclusive regarding their efficacy in detecting whether a person is under the influence of THC.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the classification accuracy of FSTs with respect to cannabis exposure and driving impairment (as determined via a driving simulation).

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel randomized clinical trial was …

Mpla Case: How Do You Lead As A Lead Physicist?, Patricia Sansourekidou, Leonard Kim, Lee Xu, Mary Gronberg, Cassandra Stambaugh, Dongxu Wang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

This work of fiction is part of a case study series developed by the Medical Physics Leadership Academy (MPLA). It is intended to facilitate the discussion of the managerial and leadership challenges faced by a clinical medical physicist. In this case, a physicist David used to work in a clinic where he thrived and felt like a leader, despite not having the title. After a job change, he is now officially the "Lead Physicist" at a hospital newly affiliated with a large academic healthcare system. He believes he will be equally successful. Yet he struggles to bring about changes and …

Association Between Duration Of Smoking Abstinence Before Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Diagnosis And Survival: A Retrospective, Pooled Analysis Of Cohort Studies, Aline F Fares, Yao Li, Mei Jiang, M Catherine Brown, Andrew C L Lam, Reenika Aggarwal, Sabine Schmid, Natasha B Leighl, Frances A Shepherd, Zhichao Wang, Nancy Diao, Angela S Wenzlaff, Juntao Xie, Takashi Kohno, Neil E Caporaso, Curtis Harris, Hongxia Ma, Matthew J Barnett, Leticia Ferro Leal, G Fernandez-Tardon, Mónica Pérez-Ríos, Michael P A Davies, Fiona Taylor, Ben Schöttker, Paul Brennan, David Zaridze, Ivana Holcatova, Jolanta Lissowska, Beata Świątkowska, Dana Mates, Milan Savic, Hermann Brenner, Angeline Andrew, Angela Cox, John K Field, Alberto Ruano-Ravina, Sanjay S Shete, Adonina Tardon, Ying Wang, Loic Le Marchand, Rui Manuel Reis, Matthew B Schabath, Chu Chen, Hongbing Shen, Brid M Ryan, Maria Teresa Landi, Kouya Shiraishi, Jie Zhang, Ann G Schwartz, Ming S Tsao, David C Christiani, Ping Yang, Rayjean J Hung, Wei Xu, Geoffrey Liu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The association between duration of smoking abstinence before non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnosis and subsequent survival can influence public health messaging delivered in lung-cancer screening. We aimed to assess whether the duration of smoking abstinence before diagnosis of NSCLC is associated with improved survival.

METHODS: In this retrospective, pooled analysis of cohort studies, we used 26 cohorts participating in Clinical Outcomes Studies of the International Lung Cancer Consortium (COS-ILCCO) at 23 hospitals. 16 (62%) were from North America, six (23%) were from Europe, three (12%) were from Asia, and one (4%) was from South America. Patients enrolled were diagnosed …

Quantitative Longitudinal Mapping Of Radiation-Treated Prostate Cancer Using Mr Fingerprinting With Radial Acquisition And Subspace Reconstruction, Victoria Y Yu, Ricardo Otazo, Can Wu, Ergys Subashi, Manuel Baumann, Peter Koken, Mariya Doneva, Peter Mazurkewitz, Daniel Shasha, Michael Zelefsky, Laura Cervino, Ouri Cohen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

MR fingerprinting (MRF) enables fast multiparametric quantitative imaging with a single acquisition and has been shown to improve diagnosis of prostate cancer. However, most prostate MRF studies were performed with spiral acquisitions that are sensitive to B0 inhomogeneities and consequent blurring. In this work, a radial MRF acquisition with a novel subspace reconstruction technique was developed to enable fast T1/T2 mapping in the prostate in under 4 min. The subspace reconstruction exploits the extensive temporal correlations in the MRF dictionary to pre-compute a low dimensional space for the solution and thus reduce the number of radial spokes to accelerate the …