Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Feasibility Of The Audio-Visual Assisted Therapeutic Ambience In Radiotherapy (Avatar) System For Anesthesia Avoidance In Pediatric Patients: A Multicenter Trial, Paulina M Gutkin, Stephanie M Perkins, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: The Audio-Visual Assisted Therapeutic Ambience in Radiotherapy (AVATAR) system was the first published radiation therapy (RT)-compatible system to reduce the need for pediatric anesthesia through video-based distraction. We evaluated the feasibility of AVATAR implementation and effects on anesthesia use, quality of life, and anxiety in a multicenter pediatric trial.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Pediatric patients 3 to 10 years of age preparing to undergo RT at 10 institutions were prospectively enrolled. Children able to undergo at least 1 fraction of RT using AVATAR without anesthesia were considered successful (S). Patients requiring anesthesia for their entire treatment course were nonsuccessful (NS). …

Personal Protective Equipment Use Among Dental Healthcare Personnel During The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Pandemic And The Impact Of An Educational Video In Clinical Practice, Lucy C Vogt, Kimberly A Reske, Daniel Park, Tracey Habrock Bach, Henry B Stewart, Olivia G Arter, Daniel Stoeckel, Heidi M Steinkamp, Stephen Y Liang, Michael J Durkin, Jennie H Kwon

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Dental healthcare personnel (DHCP) are at high risk of exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We sought to identify how DHCP changed their use of personal protective equipment (PPE) as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to pilot an educational video designed to improve knowledge of proper PPE use.

DESIGN: The study comprised 2 sets of semistructured qualitative interviews.

SETTING: The study was conducted in 8 dental clinics in a Midwestern metropolitan area.

PARTICIPANTS: In total, 70 DHCP participated in the first set of interviews; 63 DHCP participated in the second set of interviews.

METHODS: In September-November 2020 …

Baseline Characteristics And Outcomes For People With And Without Covid-19 Diagnoses Receiving Inpatient Rehabilitation Care Across The Us In 2020-2021, Elissa J Charbonneau, Prateek Grover, Jeffery S Johns, Susan M Mcdowell, Joseph V Stillo

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: To assess sociodemographic, medical complexity, and outcomes of persons receiving care at inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) with and without a diagnosis of COVID-19.

DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study using electronic medical record (EMR) data from 138 IRFs across 34 states and Puerto Rico.

SETTING: N/A.

PARTICIPANTS: IRF EMR data for 212,663 patients discharged between 04/01/2020 and 05/31/2021 (N=212,663), of which 16,199 (COVID-19 group) had a primary or secondary COVID-19 diagnosis based upon ICD codes set (ICD-10 codes U07.1, B94.8, Z86.19, Z86.16).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Four categories: (a) sociodemographic, (b) medical complexity, (c) process, that is, standard IRF processes, and …

Associations Of Sex, Race, And Apolipoprotein E Alleles With Multiple Domains Of Cognition Among Older Adults, Skylar Walters, Carlos Cruchaga, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Sex differences are established in associations between apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer disease (AD). However, it is unclear whether sex-specific cognitive consequences of APOE are consistent across races and extend to the APOE ε2 allele.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether sex and race modify APOE ε4 and ε2 associations with cognition.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This genetic association study included longitudinal cognitive data from 4 AD and cognitive aging cohorts. Participants were older than 60 years and self-identified as non-Hispanic White or non-Hispanic Black (hereafter, White and Black). Data were previously collected across multiple US locations …

Host Interactions Of Novel Crassvirales Species Belonging To Multiple Families Infecting Bacterial Host, Bacteroides Cellulosilyticus Wh2host Interactions Of Novel Crassvirales Species Belonging To Multiple Families Infecting Bacterial Host, Bacteroides Cellulosilyticus Wh2, Bhavya Papudeshi, Lindsay Droit, Scott A Handley, David Wang, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Bacteroides, the prominent bacteria in the human gut, play a crucial role in degrading complex polysaccharides. Their abundance is influenced by phages belonging to the

Novel Genetic Risk Variants And Clinical Predictors Associated With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis In Patients With Ulcerative Colitis, Ming-Hsi Wang, Jessica J. Friton, Nancy Rebert, Kelly Monroe, Billy D. Nix, Claudio Fiocchi, Laura E. Raffals, Jonathan A. Leighton, Shabana F. Pasha, Michael F. Picco, Rodney D. Newberry, Jean-Paul Achkar, William A. Faubion

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) who are likely to have primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) should be identified because PSC can influence UC clinical behavior and outcomes.The aim of this study was to establish a model incorporating clinical and genetic risk predictors that identifies patients with UC at risk of developing PSC.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective case-control study. Inflammatory bowel disease cohorts from multiple institutions were used as discovery and replicate datasets. Quality control criteria, including minor allele frequency, call rates, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, cryptic relatedness, and population stratification (through principal components), were used. Discriminative accuracy was evaluated with area …

Beginning To Address An Implementation Gap In Asthma: Clinicians' Views Of Prescribing Reliever Budesonide-Formoterol Inhalers And Smart In The United States, James G Krings, Tejas C Sekhar, Vanessa Chen, Kathryn V Blake, Kaharu Sumino, Aimee S James, Amber K Clover, Eric J Lenze, Ross C Brownson, Mario Castro

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The Global Initiative for Asthma and National Asthma Education and Prevention Program recently made paradigm-shifting recommendations regarding inhaler management in asthma. The Global Initiative for Asthma now recommends that combination inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-formoterol inhalers replace short-acting β-agonists as the preferred reliever therapy at all steps of asthma management. Although the most recent guidelines of the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program did not review reliever ICS-formoterol usage in mild asthma, they similarly recommended single maintenance and reliever therapy (SMART) at steps 3 and 4 of asthma management. Despite these recommendations, many clinicians-particularly in the United States-are not prescribing new …

How Well Does Neonatal Neuroimaging Correlate With Neurodevelopmental Outcomes In Infants With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy?, Yvonne W Wu, Sarah E Monsell, Hannah C Glass, Jessica L Wisnowski, Amit M Mathur, Robert C Mckinstry, Stefan Bluml, Fernando F Gonzalez, Bryan A Comstock, Patrick J Heagerty, Sandra E Juul

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: In newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), the correlation between neonatal neuroimaging and the degree of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) is unclear.

METHODS: Infants with HIE enrolled in a randomized controlled trial underwent neonatal MRI/MR spectroscopy (MRS) using a harmonized protocol at 4-6 days of age. The severity of brain injury was measured with a validated scoring system. Using proportional odds regression, we calculated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for the associations between MRI/MRS measures of injury and primary ordinal outcome (i.e., normal, mild NDI, moderate NDI, severe NDI, or death) at age 2 years.

RESULTS: Of 451 infants with MRI/MRS at …

Treatment Preference And Quality Of Life Impact: Ravulizumab Vs Eculizumab For Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, Teri J Mauch, Michael R Chladek, Spero Cataland, Shruti Chaturvedi, Bradley P Dixon, Katherine Garlo, Christoph Gasteyger, Anuja Java, Jorge Leguizamo, Lucy Lloyd-Price, Tan P Pham, Tara Symonds, Ioannis Tomazos, Yan Wang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Fibre Cell Remodelling On The Power And Optical Quality Of The Lens, J Rodriguez, Q Tan, H Šikić, L A. Taber, S Bassnett

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Vertebrate eye lenses are uniquely adapted to form a refractive index gradient (GRIN) for improved acuity, and to grow slowly in size despite constant cell proliferation. The mechanisms behind these adaptations remain poorly understood. We hypothesize that cell compaction contributes to both. To test this notion, we examined the relationship between lens size and shape, refractive characteristics and the cross-sectional areas of constituent fibre cells in mice of different ages. We developed a block-face imaging method to visualize cellular cross sections and found that the cross-sectional areas of fibre cells rose and then decreased over time, with the most significant …

Characteristics Associated With Noncompliance Of Current Pitch Smart Guidelines In High School Baseball Pitchers Throughout The United States, Brandon J Erickson, Eric N Bowman, Christopher Camp, Michael T Freehill, Matthew V Smith, Nicholas Serio, Hiroaki Ishikawa, Karch Smith, Peter N Chalmers

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Although pitch count and rest guidelines have been promoted for youth and adolescent baseball players for nearly 2 decades, compliance with guidelines remains poorly understood.

PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of compliance with Major League Baseball (MLB) Pitch Smart guidelines as well as the association between compliance and range of motion (ROM), strength, velocity, injury, and pitcher utilization. It was hypothesized that pitchers in violation of current recommendations would have increased strength, velocity, and injury.

STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter study of 115 high …

Implementing An Interdisciplinary Procedure Curriculum, Bryce Montane, Abey Abraham, Sergio Bustamante, Tushar Vachharajani, Sabry Ayad, Jagan Devarajan, Dustin Thompson, Ran Lee, Penelope Rampersad, Brian Gage, Emily Reznicek, Chongliang Luo, Richard Wardrop

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: This curriculum was designed to improve access to procedures for our internal medicine residents.

METHODS: We created an interdisciplinary procedure course (IDPC) composed of two simulation sessions and a one-week procedural rotation supervised by multiple specialties including nephrology, cardiology, cardiothoracic anesthesiology, general anesthesiology, and interventional radiology. After the course, residents completed two surveys documenting the number of procedures and their level of confidence on a Likert scale (1 = very unconfident to 5 = very confident) prior to and after completing the curriculum.

RESULTS: Sixteen residents participated in the course from September 2021 to June 2022. The collective number …

The Spectrum Of Covid-19-Associated Chorioretinal Vasculopathy, Piero Carletti, Aaditya Shah, Christopher Bair, Christian Curran, Anthony Mai, Rachel Patel, Ramana Moorthy, Natalia Villate, Janet L Davis, Albert T Vitale, Akbar Shakoor, Lynn Hassman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Although conjunctivitis represents the most common ocular manifestation of COVID-19 infection, sight-threatening retinal involvement has been reported. Herein, we report and characterize with multimodal retinal imaging 5 cases of acute vision loss secondary to presumed chorioretinal vasculopathy temporally associated with COVID-19 infection with varying severity, visual morbidity, and treatment response, and review the available literature on the association between COVID-19 infection and retinal microvascular changes.

DESIGN: Observational case series and literature review.

METHODS: Multicenter case series of 5 patients who presented to academic centers and private offices with acute vision loss temporally associated with COVID-19 infection. A review of …

Evaluation Of Plasma Biomarkers To Predict Major Adverse Kidney Events In Hospitalized Patients With Covid-19, Steven Menez, Madhurima Kaushal, Sanjay Jain, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 are at increased risk for major adverse kidney events (MAKE). We sought to identify plasma biomarkers predictive of MAKE in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.

SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: A total of 576 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between March 2020 and January 2021 across 3 academic medical centers.

EXPOSURE: Twenty-six plasma biomarkers of injury, inflammation, and repair from first available blood samples collected during hospitalization.

OUTCOME: MAKE, defined as KDIGO stage 3 acute kidney injury (AKI), dialysis-requiring AKI, or mortality up to 60 days.

ANALYTICAL APPROACH: Cox proportional hazards regression …

Modified Bare-Back Micro-Retrograde Tibial Arterial Access To Facilitate Peripheral Endovascular Therapy, Faiz Gani, Momodou L Jammeh, Mohamed A Zayed

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Patients with critical limb threatening ischemia often present with complex segmental peripheral arterial chronic total occlusions, which might not be amenable to traditional antegrade revascularization techniques. For these patients, alternative retrograde revascularization techniques could be necessary. In the present report, we describe a novel modified retrograde cannulation technique using a bare back technique that eliminates the need for conventional tibial access sheath placement and, instead, facilitates distal arterial blood sampling, blood pressure monitoring, retrograde administration of contrast agents and vasoactive substances, and a rapid-exchange strategy. This cannulation strategy can serve as part of the armamentarium in the treatment of patients …

Association And Prediction Utilizing Craniocaudal And Mediolateral Oblique View Digital Mammography And Long-Term Breast Cancer Risk, Simin Chen, Rulla M Tamimi, Graham A Colditz, Shu Jiang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

UNLABELLED: Mammographic percentage of volumetric density is an important risk factor for breast cancer. Epidemiology studies historically used film images often limited to craniocaudal (CC) views to estimate area-based breast density. More recent studies using digital mammography images typically use the averaged density between craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) view mammography for 5- and 10-year risk prediction. The performance in using either and both mammogram views has not been well-investigated. We use 3,804 full-field digital mammograms from the Joanne Knight Breast Health Cohort (294 incident cases and 657 controls), to quantity the association between volumetric percentage of density extracted …

The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Regulates Mitophagic Trafficking And Protein Phosphorylation, Panagiota Kolitsida, Vladimir Nolic, Jianwen Zhou, Michael Stumpe, Natalie M Niemi, Jörn Dengjel, Hagai Abeliovich

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The mitophagic degradation of mitochondrial matrix proteins in

Biochemical Characterization Of Patients With Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase Deficiency, Parith Wongkittichote, Sanmati R Cuddapah, Stephen R Master, Dorothy K Grange, Dennis Dietzen, Stephen M Roper, Rebecca D Ganetzky

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD; E3) oxidizes lipoic acid. Restoring the oxidized state allows lipoic acid to act as a necessary electron sink for the four mitochondrial keto-acid dehydrogenases: pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, branched-chain α-keto-acid dehydrogenase, and 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase. DLD deficiency (DLDD) is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in

Comparison Of Bivalent And Monovalent Sars-Cov-2 Variant Vaccines: The Phase 2 Randomized Open-Label Covail Trial, Angela R Branche, Rachel M Presti, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Vaccine protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection wanes over time, requiring updated boosters. In a phase 2, open-label, randomized clinical trial with sequentially enrolled stages at 22 US sites, we assessed safety and immunogenicity of a second boost with monovalent or bivalent variant vaccines from mRNA and protein-based platforms targeting wild-type, Beta, Delta and Omicron BA.1 spike antigens. The primary outcome was pseudovirus neutralization titers at 50% inhibitory dilution (ID

Clusters Of Sars-Cov-2 Infection Across Six Schools For Students With Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities, Michael Gemmell, Tyler Walsh, Michael Sherby, Adwoa Imbeah, Kelly Bono, Megan Baldenweck, Christina Gurnett, Jason G Newland

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities are at increased risk for adverse outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019. Clusters of COVID-19 infections can be used to track SARS-CoV-2 transmission. This is particularly important in environments frequently used for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, such as schools. The objective of this study was to compare the number of clusters of student and staff cases identified during three distinct periods (pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron) of the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: Weekly COVID-19 testing occurred from November 23, 2020 to May 27, 2022 during three phases of the COVID-19 pandemic: pre-Delta, Delta, and …

Uncharacterized And Lineage-Specific Accessory Genes Within The Proteus Mirabilis Pan-Genome Landscape, Robert F Potter, Kailun Zhang, Ben Reimler, Jamie Marino, Carol E Muenks, Kelly Alvarado, Meghan A Wallace, Lars F Westblade, Erin Mcelvania, Melanie L Yarbrough, David A Hunstad, Gautam Dantas, Carey-Ann D Burnham

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Ergosterol Distribution Controls Surface Structure Formation And Fungal Pathogenicity, Hau Lam Choy, Elizabeth A. Gaylord, Tamara L. Doering

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Ergosterol, the major sterol in fungal membranes, is critical for defining membrane fluidity and regulating cellular processes. Although ergosterol synthesis has been well defined in model yeast, little is known about sterol organization in the context of fungal pathogenesis. We identified a retrograde sterol transporter, Ysp2, in the opportunistic fungal pathogen

Loss Of Stearoyl-Coa Desaturase 2 Disrupts Inflammatory Response In Macrophages, Joseph B. Lin, Amy Mora, Tzu Jui Wang, Andrea Santeford, Darksha Usmani, Marianne M. Ligon, Indira U. Mysorekar, Rajendra S. Apte

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Macrophages are innate immune cells that patrol tissues and are the first responders to detect infection. They orchestrate the host immune response in eliminating invading pathogens and the subsequent transition from inflammation to tissue repair. Macrophage dysfunction contributes to age-related pathologies, including low-grade inflammation in advanced age that is termed "inflammaging." Our laboratory has previously identified that macrophage expression of a fatty acid desaturase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 2 (SCD2), declines with age. Herein, we delineate the precise cellular effects of SCD2 deficiency in murine macrophages. We found that deletion of

Intensive Care Unit Sinks Are Persistently Colonized With Multidrug Resistant Bacteria And Mobilizable, Resistance-Conferring Plasmids, Luke Diorio-Toth, Meghan A. Wallace, Christopher W. Farnsworth, Bin Wang, Danish Gul, Jennie H. Kwon, Saadia Andleeb, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Gautam Dantas

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Contamination of hospital sinks with microbial pathogens presents a serious potential threat to patients, but our understanding of sink colonization dynamics is largely based on infection outbreaks. Here, we investigate the colonization patterns of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in intensive care unit sinks and water from two hospitals in the USA and Pakistan collected over 27 months of prospective sampling. Using culture-based methods, we recovered 822 bacterial isolates representing 104 unique species and genomospecies. Genomic analyses revealed long-term colonization by

Pan-Cancer Proteogenomics Connects Oncogenic Drivers To Functional States, Yize Li, Song Cao, Matthew A Wyczalkowski, Yizhe Song, Erik P Storrs, Michael C Wendl, Wen-Wei Liang, Nadezhda V Terekhanova, Fernanda Martins Rodrigues, Daniel Cui Zhou, Liang-Bo Wang, Jessika Baral, Milan G Chheda, Li Ding, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Cancer driver events refer to key genetic aberrations that drive oncogenesis; however, their exact molecular mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. Here, our multi-omics pan-cancer analysis uncovers insights into the impacts of cancer drivers by identifying their significant cis-effects and distal trans-effects quantified at the RNA, protein, and phosphoprotein levels. Salient observations include the association of point mutations and copy-number alterations with the rewiring of protein interaction networks, and notably, most cancer genes converge toward similar molecular states denoted by sequence-based kinase activity profiles. A correlation between predicted neoantigen burden and measured T cell infiltration suggests potential vulnerabilities for immunotherapies. Patterns of …

Entry Receptor Ldlrad3 Is Required For Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Peripheral Infection And Neurotropism Leading To Pathogenesis In Mice, Natasha M Kafai, Hana Janova, Matthew D Cain, Yael Alippe, Stefanie Muraro, Alan Sariol, Michelle Elam-Noll, Robyn S Klein, Michael S Diamond

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is an encephalitic alphavirus responsible for epidemics of neurological disease across the Americas. Low-density lipoprotein receptor class A domain-containing 3 (LDLRAD3) is a recently reported entry receptor for VEEV. Here, using wild-type and Ldlrad3-deficient mice, we define a critical role for LDLRAD3 in controlling steps in VEEV infection, pathogenesis, and neurotropism. Our analysis shows that LDLRAD3 is required for efficient VEEV infection and pathogenesis prior to and after central nervous system invasion. Ldlrad3-deficient mice survive intranasal and intracranial VEEV inoculation and show reduced infection of neurons in different brain regions. As LDLRAD3 is a determinant …

S100a8 And S100a9 In Hematologic Malignancies: From Development To Therapy, Farnaz Razmkhah, Sena Kim, Sora Lim, Abdul-Jalil Dania, Jaebok Choi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

S100A8 and S100A9 are multifunctional proteins that can initiate various signaling pathways and modulate cell function both inside and outside immune cells, depending on their receptors, mediators, and molecular environment. They have been reported as dysregulated genes and proteins in a wide range of cancers, including hematologic malignancies, from diagnosis to response to therapy. The role of S100A8 and S100A9 in hematologic malignancies is highlighted due to their ability to work together or as antagonists to modify cell phenotype, including viability, differentiation, chemosensitivity, trafficking, and transcription strategies, which can lead to an oncogenic phase or reduced symptoms. In this review …

Participatory Logic Modeling In A Multi-Site Initiative To Advance Implementation Science, Douglas V Easterling, Rebekah R Jacob, Ross C Brownson, Debra Haire-Joshu, Daniel A Gundersen, Heather Angier, Jennifer E Devoe, Sonja Likumahuwa-Ackman, Thuy Vu, Russell E Glasgow, Robert Schnoll

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Logic models map the short-term and long-term outcomes that are expected to occur with a program, and thus are an essential tool for evaluation. Funding agencies, especially in the United States (US), have encouraged the use of logic models among their grantees. They also use logic models to clarify expectations for their own funding initiatives. It is increasingly recognized that logic models should be developed through a participatory approach which allows input from those who carry out the program being evaluated. While there are many positive examples of participatory logic modeling, funders have generally not engaged grantees in developing …

Bcl6, Irf2, And Notch2 Promote Nonclassical Monocyte Development, Kevin W O'Connor, Tiantian Liu, Sunkyung Kim, Carlos G Briseño, Katia Georgopoulos, Theresa L Murphy, Kenneth M Murphy

2020-Current year OA Pubs

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Perspectives On Long-Acting Formulations Of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (Prep) Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Who Are Non-Adherent To Daily Oral Prep In The United States, Brooke G Rogers, R R Patel, K Curoe, J Villalobos, A Underwood, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) persistence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in real world clinical settings for HIV prevention is suboptimal. New longer-acting formulations of PrEP are becoming available, including injectables, subdermal implants, and other oral medications. These longer-acting formulations have the potential to improve retention among those who have challenges remaining adherent to daily oral PrEP.

METHODS: We interviewed 49 MSM who had initiated but discontinued oral PrEP at three diverse clinics across the United States. We examined participants' perspectives about long-acting PrEP formulations and how long-acting options could affect PrEP use using thematic analysis.

RESULTS: Participants …