Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Ire1Α/Xbp1 Pathway Sustains Cytokine Responses Of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells In Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Siyan Cao, Jose L. Fachi, Kaiming Ma, Alina Ulezko Antonova, Qianli Wang, Zhangying Cai, Randal J. Kaufman, Matthew A. Ciorba, Parakkal Deepak, Marco Colonna

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are key players in intestinal homeostasis. ER stress is linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we used cell culture, mouse models, and human specimens to determine whether ER stress in ILC3s affects IBD pathophysiology. We show that mouse intestinal ILC3s exhibited a 24-hour rhythmic expression pattern of the master ER stress response regulator inositol-requiring kinase 1α/X-box-binding protein 1 (IRE1α/XBP1). Proinflammatory cytokine IL-23 selectively stimulated IRE1α/XBP1 in mouse ILC3s through mitochondrial ROS (mtROS). IRE1α/XBP1 was activated in ILC3s from mice exposed to experimental colitis and in inflamed human IBD specimens. Mice with Ire1α deletion …

A Common Polymorphism In The Intelectin-1 Gene Influences Mucus Plugging In Severe Asthma, Jamie L Everman, Kaharu Sumino, David S. Gierada, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

By incompletely understood mechanisms, type 2 (T2) inflammation present in the airways of severe asthmatics drives the formation of pathologic mucus which leads to airway mucus plugging. Here we investigate the molecular role and clinical significance of intelectin-1 (ITLN-1) in the development of pathologic airway mucus in asthma. Through analyses of human airway epithelial cells we find that ITLN1 gene expression is highly induced by interleukin-13 (IL-13) in a subset of metaplastic MUC5AC

Visual Deprivation During Mouse Critical Period Reorganizes Network-Level Functional Connectivity, Siyu Chen, Rachel M Rahn, Annie R Bice, Seana H Gaines, Jonah A Padawer-Curry, Keith B Hengen, Joseph D Dougherty, Joseph P Culver

2020-Current year OA Pubs

A classic example of experience-dependent plasticity is ocular dominance (OD) shift, in which the responsiveness of neurons in the visual cortex is profoundly altered following monocular deprivation (MD). It has been postulated that OD shifts also modify global neural networks, but such effects have never been demonstrated. Here, we use wide-field fluorescence optical imaging (WFOI) to characterize calcium-based resting-state functional connectivity during acute (3 d) MD in female and male mice with genetically encoded calcium indicators (

Hiv-1 Capsid Stability And Reverse Transcription Are Finely Balanced To Minimize Sensing Of Reverse Transcription Products Via The Cgas-Sting Pathway, Jenna E Eschbach, Maritza Puray-Chavez, Shawn Mohammed, Qiankun Wang, Ming Xia, Lin-Chen Huang, Liang Shan, Sebla B Kutluay

2020-Current year OA Pubs

UNLABELLED: A critical determinant for early post-entry events, the HIV-1 capsid (CA) protein forms the conical core when it rearranges around the dimeric RNA genome and associated viral proteins. Although mutations in CA have been reported to alter innate immune sensing of HIV-1, a direct link between core stability and sensing of HIV-1 nucleic acids has not been established. Herein, we assessed how manipulating the stability of the CA lattice through chemical and genetic approaches affects innate immune recognition of HIV-1. We found that destabilization of the CA lattice resulted in potent sensing of reverse transcription products when destabilization

IMPORTANCE: …

Assessment Of The Characteristics Of Covid-19 Infection Among Healthcare Personnel Working In Long-Term Care Facilities, Armaghan-E-Rehman Mansoor, Caroline A O'Neil, David Mcdonald, Victoria J Fraser, Hilary M Babcock, Jennie H Kwon

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Between May and June 2021, healthcare personnel at two long-term care facilities underwent SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G testing and completed a survey on COVID-19 exposures and symptoms. Antibody positivity rate was 8.9%. Similar rates of COVID-19 exposure occurred in non-occupational and occupational settings, with high self-reported adherence to workplace infection prevention practices.

Persistent Inequities In Intravenous Thrombolysis For Acute Ischemic Stroke In The United States: Results From The Nationwide Inpatient Sample, Philip Sun, Ling Zheng, Michelle Lin, Steven Cen, Gmerice Hammond, Karen E Joynt Maddox, May Kim-Tenser, Nerses Sanossian, William Mack, Amytis Towfighi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Despite its approval for acute ischemic stroke >25 years ago, intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) remains underused, with inequities by age, sex, race, ethnicity, and geography. Little is known about IVT rates by insurance status.

METHODS AND RESULTS: We assessed temporal trends from 2002 to 2015 in IVT for acute ischemic stroke in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample using adjusted, survey

CONCLUSIONS: IVT for acute ischemic stroke increased among adults. Despite some encouraging trends, the remaining disparities highlight the need for intensified efforts at addressing inequities.

Examining The Gateway Hypothesis And Mapping Substance Use Pathways On Social Media: Machine Learning Approach, Yunhao Yuan, Erin Kasson, Jordan Taylor, Patricia Cavazos-Rehg, Munmun De Choudhury, Talayeh Aledavood

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Substance misuse presents significant global public health challenges. Understanding transitions between substance types and the timing of shifts to polysubstance use is vital to developing effective prevention and recovery strategies. The gateway hypothesis suggests that high-risk substance use is preceded by lower-risk substance use. However, the source of this correlation is hotly contested. While some claim that low-risk substance use causes subsequent, riskier substance use, most people using low-risk substances also do not escalate to higher-risk substances. Social media data hold the potential to shed light on the factors contributing to substance use transitions.

OBJECTIVE: By leveraging social media …

Urinary Proteomics And Outcomes In Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction, Corinne Carland, Ali Javaheri, Douglas L Mann, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Although several studies have addressed plasma proteomics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, limited data are available on the prognostic value of urinary proteomics. The objective of our study was to identify urinary proteins/peptides associated with death and heart failure admission in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

METHODS AND RESULTS: The study population included participants enrolled in TOPCAT (Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist Trial). The relationship between urine protein levels and the risk of death or heart failure admission was assessed using Cox regression, in both nonadjusted analyses and …

Deficiency Of Il-22-Binding Protein Enhances The Ability Of The Gut Microbiota To Protect Against Enteric Pathogens, José L Fachi, Blanda Di Luccia, Susan Gilfillan, Hao-Wei Chang, Christina Song, Jiye Cheng, Marina Cella, Marco Aurelio Vinolo, Jeffrey I Gordon, Marco Colonna

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Interleukin 22 (IL-22) promotes intestinal barrier integrity, stimulating epithelial cells to enact defense mechanisms against enteric infections, including the production of antimicrobial peptides. IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP) is a soluble decoy encoded by the

Wormbase 2024: Status And Transitioning To Alliance Infrastructure, Paul W Sternberg, Tim Schedl, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

WormBase has been the major repository and knowledgebase of information about the genome and genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans and other nematodes of experimental interest for over 2 decades. We have 3 goals: to keep current with the fast-paced C. elegans research, to provide better integration with other resources, and to be sustainable. Here, we discuss the current state of WormBase as well as progress and plans for moving core WormBase infrastructure to the Alliance of Genome Resources (the Alliance). As an Alliance member, WormBase will continue to interact with the C. elegans community, develop new features as needed, and curate …

Stay On Track: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial On The Feasibility Of A Diet And Exercise Intervention In Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Radiotherapy, Gopika Senthilkumar, Aronne M Schottstaedt, Lindsay L Peterson, Lauren N Pedersen, Christopher R Chitambar, Alexis Vistocky, Anjishnu Banerjee, John M Longo, Tracy Kelly, Adam Currey, Melinda R Stolley, Carmen Bergom

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Among patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy, posttreatment cardiovascular disease and worsened quality of life (QoL) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. To overcome these negative radiotherapy effects, this prospective, randomized clinical trial pilots a 12-week Stay on Track exercise and diet intervention for overweight patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer undergoing whole-breast radiotherapy.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The intervention group (n = 22) participated in three personal exercise and dietary counseling sessions, and received three text reminders/week to adhere to recommendations. The control group (n = 22) was administered a diet/exercise information binder. All patients received a Fitbit, and at …

Crizanlizumab For Retinal Vasculopathy With Cerebral Leukoencephalopathy In A Phase Ii Clinical Study, Wilson X. Wang, Dan Spiegelman, P. Kumar Rao, Andria L. Ford, Rajendra S. Apte

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BackgroundRetinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations (RVCL-S) is a rare, autosomal dominant, universally fatal disease without effective treatment options. This study explores the safety and preliminary efficacy of crizanlizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against P-selectin approved for the prevention of sickle cell crises, in slowing retinal nonperfusion and preserving vision in patients with RVCL-S.METHODSEleven patients with RVCL-S with confirmed exonuclease 3 prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) mutations received monthly crizanlizumab infusions over 2 years. The study measured the nonperfusion index within 3 retinal zones and the total retina with fluorescein angiography, visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), and optical …

Memory-Like Differentiation Enhances Nk Cell Responses Against Colorectal Cancer, Nancy D Marin, Michelle Becker-Hapak, Wilbur M Song, Quazim A Alayo, Lynne Marsala, Naomi Sonnek, Melissa M Berrien-Elliott, Mark Foster, Jennifer A Foltz, Jennifer Tran, Pamela Wong, Celia C Cubitt, Patrick Pence, Kimberly Hwang, Alice Y Zhou, Miriam T Jacobs, Timothy Schappe, David A Russler-Germain, Ryan C Fields, Matthew A Ciorba, Todd A Fehniger

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Metastatic (m) colorectal cancer (CRC) is an incurable disease with a poor prognosis and thus remains an unmet clinical need. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-based immunotherapy is effective for mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) mCRC patients, but it does not benefit the majority of mCRC patients. NK cells are innate lymphoid cells with potent effector responses against a variety of tumor cells but are frequently dysfunctional in cancer patients. Memory-like (ML) NK cells differentiated after IL-12/IL-15/IL-18 activation overcome many challenges to effective NK cell anti-tumor responses, exhibiting enhanced recognition, function, and in vivo persistence. We hypothesized that ML differentiation enhances the …

Attention Lstm U-Net Model For Drosophila Melanogaster Heart Tube Segmentation In Optical Coherence Microscopy Images, Xiangping Ouyang, Abigail Matt, Fei Wang, Elena Gracheva, Ekaterina Migunova, Saathvika Rajamani, Edward B Dubrovsky, Chao Zhou

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) imaging of the

Does Point-Of-Care Ultrasound Affect Fluid Resuscitation Volume In Patients With Septic Shock: A Retrospective Review, Enyo A Ablordeppey, Amy Zhao, Jeffery Ruggeri, Ahmad Hassan, Laura Wallace, Mansi Agarwal, Sean P Stickles, Christopher Holthaus, Daniel Theodoro

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Fixed, large volume resuscitation with intravenous fluids (IVFs) in septic shock can cause inadvertent hypervolemia, increased medical interventions, and death when unguided by point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). The primary study objective was to evaluate whether total IVF volume differs for emergency department (ED) septic shock patients receiving POCUS versus no POCUS.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study from 7/1/2018 to 8/31/2021 of atraumatic adult ED patients with septic shock. We agreed upon

RESULTS: 304 patients met criteria and 26% (78/304) underwent POCUS. Cardiac POCUS demonstrated reduced ejection fraction in 15.4% of patients. Lung ultrasound showed normal findings in …

Effects Of Amyloid Beta (Aβ) Oligomers On Blood–Brain Barrier Using A 3d Microfluidic Vasculature-On-A-Chip Model, Samuel C. Uzoechi, Boyce E. Collins, Cody J. Badeaux, Yan Li, Sang S. Kwak, Doo Y. Kim, Daniel T. Laskowitz, Jin-Moo Lee, Yeoheung Yun

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Diet-Omics In The Study Of Urban And Rural Crohn Disease Evolution (Source) Cohort, Tzipi Braun, Ta-Chiang Liu, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Crohn disease (CD) burden has increased with globalization/urbanization, and the rapid rise is attributed to environmental changes rather than genetic drift. The Study Of Urban and Rural CD Evolution (SOURCE, n = 380) has considered diet-omics domains simultaneously to detect complex interactions and identify potential beneficial and pathogenic factors linked with rural-urban transition and CD. We characterize exposures, diet, ileal transcriptomics, metabolomics, and microbiome in newly diagnosed CD patients and controls in rural and urban China and Israel. We show that time spent by rural residents in urban environments is linked with changes in gut microbial composition and metabolomics, which …

Sdpr Expression In Human Trabecular Meshwork And Its Potential Role In Racial Disparities Of Glaucoma, Ying-Bo Shui, Ying Liu, Andrew J W Huang, Carla J Siegfried

2020-Current year OA Pubs

In order to identify how differential gene expression in the trabecular meshwork (TM) contributes to racial disparities of caveolar protein expression, TM dysfunction and development of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), RNA sequencing was performed to compare TM tissue obtained from White and Black POAG surgical (trabeculectomy) specimens. Healthy donor TM tissue from White and Black donors was analyzed by PCR, qPCR, immunohistochemistry staining, and Western blot to evaluate SDPR (serum deprivation protein response; Cavin 2) and CAV1/CAV2 (Caveolin 1/Caveolin 2). Standard transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunogold labeled studies were performed. RNA sequencing demonstrated reduced SDPR expression in TM …

Kenya Psychosis-Risk Outcomes Study (Kepros): Development Of An Accelerated Medicine Partnership Schizophrenia-Aligned Project In Africa, Daniel Mamah, Michael P. Harms, Andrey P. Anokhin, Shingshiun Chen, Jerome Nashed, Yazen Al-Hosni, Alaina Yarber, Semyon Golosheykin, Masoomeh Faghankhani, Megan Sneed, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Identifying Long-Term Survivors And Those At Higher Or Lower Risk Of Relapse Among Patients With Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia Using A High-Dimensional Mixture Cure Model, Kellie J Archer, Han Fu, Krzysztof Mrózek, Deedra Nicolet, Alice S Mims, Geoffrey L Uy, Wendy Stock, John C Byrd, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Jan Braess, Karsten Spiekermann, Klaus H Metzeler, Tobias Herold, Ann-Kathrin Eisfeld

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Patients with cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML) may harbor prognostically relevant gene mutations and thus be categorized into one of the three 2022 European LeukemiaNet (ELN) genetic-risk groups. Nevertheless, there remains heterogeneity with respect to relapse-free survival (RFS) within these genetic-risk groups. Our training set included 306 adults on Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology studies with de novo CN-AML aged <  60 years who achieved a complete remission and for whom centrally reviewed cytogenetics, RNA-sequencing, and gene mutation data from diagnostic samples were available (Alliance trial A152010). To overcome deficiencies of the Cox proportional hazards model when long-term survivors are present, we developed a penalized semi-parametric mixture cure model (MCM) to predict RFS where RNA-sequencing data comprised the predictor space. To validate model performance, we employed an independent test set from the German Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cooperative Group (AMLCG) consisting of 40 de novo CN-AML patients aged <  60 years who achieved a complete remission and had RNA-sequencing of their pre-treatment sample. For the training set, there was a significant non-zero cure fraction (p = 0.019) with 28.5% of patients estimated to be cured. Our MCM included 112 genes associated with cure, or long-term RFS, and 87 genes associated with latency, or shorter-term time-to-relapse. The area under the curve and C-statistic were respectively, 0.947 and 0.783 for our training set and 0.837 and 0.718 for our test set. We identified a novel, prognostically relevant molecular signature in CN-AML, which allows identification of patient subgroups independent of 2022 ELN genetic-risk groups.Trial registration Data from companion studies CALGB 8461, 9665 and 20202 (trials registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as, respectively, NCT00048958, NCT00899223, and NCT00900224) were obtained from Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology under data sharing study A152010. Data from the AMLCG 2008 trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01382147.

Novel Loss-Of-Function Variants Expand Abcc9-Related Intellectual Disability And Myopathy Syndrome, Stephanie Efthymiou, Robert C Tryon, Colin G Nichols, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Loss-of-function mutation of ABCC9, the gene encoding the SUR2 subunit of ATP sensitive-potassium (KATP) channels, was recently associated with autosomal recessive ABCC9-related intellectual disability and myopathy syndrome (AIMS). Here we identify nine additional subjects, from seven unrelated families, harbouring different homozygous loss-of-function variants in ABCC9 and presenting with a conserved range of clinical features. All variants are predicted to result in severe truncations or in-frame deletions within SUR2, leading to the generation of non-functional SUR2-dependent KATP channels. Affected individuals show psychomotor delay and intellectual disability of variable severity, microcephaly, corpus callosum and white matter abnormalities, seizures, spasticity, short stature, muscle …

Global Prevalence Of Aspirin Use For Primary Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study Of Nationally Representative, Individual-Level Data, Sang Gune K Yoo, Mark D Huffman, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Intermittent Glucocorticoid Treatment Improves Muscle Metabolism Via The Pgc1Α/Lipin1 Axis In An Aging-Related Sarcopenia Model, Ashok D. Prabakaran, Kevin Mcfarland, Karen Miz, Hima Bindu Durumutla, Kevin Piczer, Fadoua El Abdellaoui Soussi, Hannah Latimer, Cole Werbrich, Hyun-Jy Chung, N. Scott Blair, Douglas P. Millay, Andrew J. Morris, Brendan Prideaux, Brian N. Finck, Mattia Quattrocelli

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Sarcopenia burdens the older population through loss of muscle energy and mass, yet treatments to functionally rescue both parameters are lacking. The glucocorticoid prednisone remodels muscle metabolism on the basis of frequency of intake, but its mechanisms in sarcopenia are unknown. We found that once-weekly intermittent prednisone administration rescued muscle quality in aged 24-month-old mice to a level comparable to that seen in young 4-month-old mice. We discovered an age- and sex-independent glucocorticoid receptor transactivation program in muscle encompassing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 α (PGC1α) and its cofactor Lipin1. Treatment coordinately improved mitochondrial abundance through isoform 1 and …

The Long Non-Coding Rna Gene C027288.3 Plays A Role In Human Endometrial Stromal Fibroblast Decidualization, Rupak Thapa, Kevin Marmo, Liang Ma, Donald S Torry, Brent M Bany

2020-Current year OA Pubs

During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, endometrial fibroblast cells begin to change into large epithelial-like cells called decidual cells in a process called decidualization. This differentiation continues more broadly in the endometrium and forms the decidual tissue during early pregnancy. The cells undergoing decidualization as well as the resulting decidual cells, support successful implantation and placentation during early pregnancy. This study was carried out to identify new potentially important long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes that may play a role in human endometrial stromal fibroblast cells (hESF) undergoing decidualization in vitro, and several were found. The expression of nine …

Cytotoxic Sigma-2 Ligands Trigger Cancer Cell Death Via Cholesterol-Induced-Er-Stress, Rony Takchi, Bethany C Prudner, Qingqing Gong, Takaomi Hagi, Kenneth F Newcomer, Linda X Jin, Suwanna Vangveravong, Brian A Van Tine, William G Hawkins, Dirk Spitzer

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Sigma-2-ligands (S2L) are characterized by high binding affinities to their cognate sigma-2 receptor, overexpressed in rapidly proliferating tumor cells. As such, S2L were developed as imaging probes (ISO1) or as cancer therapeutics, alone (SV119 [C6], SW43 [C10]) and as delivery vehicles for cytotoxic drug cargoes (C6-Erastin, C10-SMAC). However, the exact mechanism of S2L-induced cytotoxicity remains to be fully elucidated. A series of high-affinity S2L were evaluated regarding their cytotoxicity profiles across cancer cell lines. While C6 and C10 displayed distinct cytotoxicities, C0 and ISO1 were essentially non-toxic. Confocal microscopy and lipidomics analysis in cellular and mouse models revealed that C10 …

Cooking With Liquefied Petroleum Gas Or Biomass And Fetal Growth Outcomes: A Multi-Country Randomised Controlled Trial, William Checkley, Victor G Dávila-Román, Lisa De Las Fuentes, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Household air pollution might lead to fetal growth restriction during pregnancy. We aimed to investigate whether a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) intervention to reduce personal exposures to household air pollution during pregnancy would alter fetal growth.

METHODS: The Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial was an open-label randomised controlled trial conducted in ten resource-limited settings across Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda. Pregnant women aged 18-34 years (9-19 weeks of gestation) were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive an LPG stove, continuous fuel delivery, and behavioural messaging or to continue usual cooking with biomass for 18 months. …

Evaluation Of An Automated Von Willebrand Factor Glycoprotein Ibm Activity Assay Compared With 3 Alternative Von Willebrand Factor Activity Assays, Kenneth D Friedman, Martina Böhm-Weigert, Nicole Desimone, Dennis J Dietzen, Charles Eby, Cynthia Flickinger, Walter Hoyer, Mareike Kahl, Kandice Kottke-Marchant, Thomas L Ortel, Jürgen Patzke, Steven W Pipe, Morgan Stuart, Ayse Anil Timur, Ravindra Sarode

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: To overcome deficiencies of the traditional von Willebrand factor (VWF) ristocetin cofactor activity assay (VWF:RCo), several automated assays for VWF platelet-binding activity have been developed. Information on the performance of these assays and their diagnostic utility remains limited.

OBJECTIVES: To validate the VWF:glycoprotein IbM assay INNOVANCE VWF Ac and compare it with an automated VWF:RCo assay as well as with an automated assay and a manual VWF:Ab assay and to generate reference ranges and analyze reproducibility of the VWF:glycoprotein IbM assay.

METHODS: Clinical sites enrolled healthy subjects and patients representing the intended use population; VWF activity assays were performed, …

Contemporary Management Of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage. An Update For The Intensivist, Chiara Robba, Katharina M Busl, Jan Claassen, Michael N Diringer, Raimund Helbok, Soojin Park, Alejandro Rabinstein, Miriam Treggiari, Mervyn D I Vergouwen, Giuseppe Citerio

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) is a rare yet profoundly debilitating condition associated with high global case fatality and morbidity rates. The key determinants of functional outcome include early brain injury, rebleeding of the ruptured aneurysm and delayed cerebral ischaemia. The only effective way to reduce the risk of rebleeding is to secure the ruptured aneurysm quickly. Prompt diagnosis, transfer to specialized centers, and meticulous management in the intensive care unit (ICU) significantly improved the prognosis of aSAH. Recently, multimodality monitoring with specific interventions to correct pathophysiological imbalances has been proposed. Vigilance extends beyond intracranial concerns to encompass systemic respiratory and …

Plecanatide Improves Abdominal Bloating And Bowel Symptoms Of Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation, Darren M Brenner, Amol Sharma, Satish S C Rao, Adam P Laitman, Zeev Heimanson, Christopher Allen, Gregory S Sayuk

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Bloating is a bothersome symptom in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C).

AIM: To evaluate plecanatide efficacy in patients with IBS-C stratified by bloating intensity.

METHODS: Pooled phase 3 data (2 randomized, controlled IBS-C trials) from adults treated with plecanatide 3 mg or placebo for 12 weeks were analyzed. Patients were stratified post-hoc by baseline bloating severity (11-point scale: mild [≤ 5] and moderate-to-severe [> 5]). Assessments included change from baseline in bloating, abdominal pain, and complete spontaneous bowel movement (CSBM) frequency. Abdominal pain and bloating composite responders were defined as patients with ≥ 30% improvement from baseline in …

Image Quality Characterization Of An Ultra-High-Speed Kilovoltage Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Imaging System On An O-Ring Linear Accelerator, Euidam Kim, Yang Kyun Park, Tianyu Zhao, Eric Laugeman, Xiaodong Neo Zhao, Yao Hao, Yoonsun Chung, Hugh Lee

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: The quality of on-board imaging systems, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), plays a vital role in image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) and adaptive radiotherapy. Recently, there has been an upgrade of the CBCT systems fused in the O-ring linear accelerators called HyperSight, featuring a high imaging performance. As the characterization of a new imaging system is essential, we evaluated the image quality of the HyperSight system by comparing it with Halcyon 3.0 CBCT and providing benchmark data for routine imaging quality assurance.

METHODS: The HyperSight features ultra-fast scan time, a larger kilovoltage (kV) detector, a more substantial kV tube, and …