Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Medicine and Health Sciences Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Humans

Discipline
Institution
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 25561 - 25584 of 25584

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

The Effect Of Feedback On Student Use Of Interpersonal Communication Skills., David G. Dunning, Brian M. Lange Oct 1987

The Effect Of Feedback On Student Use Of Interpersonal Communication Skills., David G. Dunning, Brian M. Lange

Journal Articles: College of Dentistry

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Community-Based Occupational Therapy With A Head-Injured Adult., Elizabeth Depoy Jul 1987

Community-Based Occupational Therapy With A Head-Injured Adult., Elizabeth Depoy

Department of Occupational Therapy Faculty Papers

In the early 1970s, the National Head Injury Foundation identified 422,000 adults with permanent brain damage caused by traumatic head injury. It is estimated that 400,000 new cases of varying severity are treated in hospitals each year, the majority of whom are previously employed young adult men. Although many persons with traumatic brain injuries are able to return to productivity, approximately 35% of the adults who have been rated as mildly head injured on the Glascow Coma Scale (Teasdale & Jennet, 1974) never return to work and have difficulty reentering society after restorative efforts are discontinued (Rosenthal, Griffith, Bond, & …

Go to article

Developmental Expression Of Tyrosyl Kinase Activity In Human Serum., Ming-Fong Lin, Joan E. Bailey-Wilson, Robert C. Elston, Gail M. Clinton Jun 1987

Developmental Expression Of Tyrosyl Kinase Activity In Human Serum., Ming-Fong Lin, Joan E. Bailey-Wilson, Robert C. Elston, Gail M. Clinton

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Tyrosine protein kinases, in addition to their roles as viral transforming proteins and growth factor receptors, have been suggested to have specialized functions in tissue specific processes and in differentiation. High levels of soluble tyrosine kinases have been found in human serum and plasma. To determine if the level of tyrosine kinase activity is development tally expressed in human serum, we assayed sera from 214 individuals of different ages from newborns to 90 years. We found that serum tyrosine kinase levels are high in newborns and the levels closely parallel skeletal growth until late adolescence. The serum tyrosine kinase levels …

Go to article

Regulation Of Lymphokine Production And Human T Lymphocyte Activation By 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3. Specific Inhibition At The Level Of Messenger Rna., William F.C. Rigby, Sylvia Denome, Michael W. Fanger Jun 1987

Regulation Of Lymphokine Production And Human T Lymphocyte Activation By 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3. Specific Inhibition At The Level Of Messenger Rna., William F.C. Rigby, Sylvia Denome, Michael W. Fanger

Dartmouth Scholarship

The steroid hormone, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), has been shown to inhibit T cell proliferation, primarily through inhibition of interleukin 2 (IL-2) production. In these experiments, we show that calcitriol also markedly inhibited production of the lymphokine, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), by activated human T lymphocytes. Regulation of both IL-2 and IFN-gamma production as well as transferrin receptor (TfR) expression by calcitriol was apparent at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level as determined by Northern blotting. The decrease in IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNA that occurred with calcitriol treatment was coordinate and not apparent up to 12 h after phytohemagglutinin stimulation, whereas decreased …

Go to article

Tyrosyl Kinase Activity Is Inversely Related To Prostatic Acid Phosphatase Activity In Two Human Prostate Carcinoma Cell Lines., Ming-Fong Lin, Ching-Li Lee, Gail M. Clinton Dec 1986

Tyrosyl Kinase Activity Is Inversely Related To Prostatic Acid Phosphatase Activity In Two Human Prostate Carcinoma Cell Lines., Ming-Fong Lin, Ching-Li Lee, Gail M. Clinton

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Alterations in prostatic acid phosphatase (PAcP), a phosphotyrosyl phosphatase, corresponded to changes in overall tyrosyl kinase activity. PAcP added to extracts of prostate carcinoma cells with a low endogenous level of PAcP activity and elevated tyrosyl kinase activity decreased the tyrosyl kinase activity. On the other hand, when PAcP activity was decreased by the addition of androgens to cells, there was a corresponding increase in tyrosyl kinase activity.

Go to article

Communication Tendencies Of Senior Dental Students., David G. Dunning, Brian M. Lange Mar 1986

Communication Tendencies Of Senior Dental Students., David G. Dunning, Brian M. Lange

Journal Articles: College of Dentistry

Although the importance of dentist-patient communication is generally recognized, the dental literature does not specify what interpersonal behaviors can be used as a basis for evaluating dental students' communication skills. A set of behaviors based on clinical observations is described, and an evaluation of 25 senior students' behavioral skills is presented. Students often did not: (1) spend much time orienting patients before beginning treatment; (2) update medical histories; (3) ask patients if they had any questions before beginning treatment; (4) explain the operation and use of equipment; (5) forewarn patients about uncomfortable procedures; (6) attend to signs of patient discomfort; …

Go to article

Biogenesis Of The Platelet Receptor For Fibrinogen: Evidence For Separate Precursors For Glycoproteins Iib And Iiia., Paul F. Bray, Jean-Philippe Rosa, Vishwanath R. Lingappa, Yuet W. Kan, Rodger P. Mcever, Marc A. Shuman Mar 1986

Biogenesis Of The Platelet Receptor For Fibrinogen: Evidence For Separate Precursors For Glycoproteins Iib And Iiia., Paul F. Bray, Jean-Philippe Rosa, Vishwanath R. Lingappa, Yuet W. Kan, Rodger P. Mcever, Marc A. Shuman

Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research

Congenital absence of platelet glycoproteins IIb and IIIa (GPIIb and GPIIIa) results in a severe bleeding disorder characterized by defective platelet aggregation and failure of fibrinogen to bind to platelets. GPIIb is a two-chain protein containing disulfide-linked alpha and beta subunits. GPIIb and GPIIIa are present as a heterodimeric, noncovalent complex in the platelet plasma membrane and function as the fibrinogen receptor. To characterize synthesis of these two proteins, RNA isolated from a human leukemia cell line that contains GPIIb and GPIIIa was translated in a wheat germ cell-free system. Polyclonal antibodies specific for each protein immunoprecipitated distinct [35S]methionine-labeled precursors, …

Go to article

Double-Blind Comparison Of Rectally Administered Diazepam To Placebo For Pediatric Sedation: The Cardiovascular Response, Catherine M. Flaitz, Arthur J. Nowak, M. John Hicks Nov 1985

Double-Blind Comparison Of Rectally Administered Diazepam To Placebo For Pediatric Sedation: The Cardiovascular Response, Catherine M. Flaitz, Arthur J. Nowak, M. John Hicks

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The sedative and cardiovascular effects of rectally administered diazepam (0.6 mg/kg) were compared to placebo in uncooperative children who required sedation during dental treatment. Twelve healthy preschool children, who required amalgam restorations, were treated during two standardized restorative appointments in a double-blind, crossover study. Blood pressure and pulse were obtained during four specified intervals during the appointment. The behavior of the children during the treatment visits was videotaped and later statistically analyzed using a kinesics/vocalization instrument. Behavioral ratings of cooperation were significantly improved during the treatment visit following diazepam. All interfering bodily movements, patient vocalizations and operator commands for the …

Go to article

Recognition And Characterization Of Stage-Specific Oocyst/Sporozoite Antigens Of Toxoplasma Gondii By Human Antisera., Lloyd H. Kasper, Patricia L. Ware May 1985

Recognition And Characterization Of Stage-Specific Oocyst/Sporozoite Antigens Of Toxoplasma Gondii By Human Antisera., Lloyd H. Kasper, Patricia L. Ware

Dartmouth Scholarship

Human infection with Toxoplasma gondii is presumed due to the ingestion of either tissue cysts containing bradyzoites or oocyst/sporozoites that are excreted in the feces of infected cats. The incidence of human infection in the general population by either of these routes is unknown. We have previously described unique stage-specific oocyst/sporozoite antigens identified by murine hybridoma monoclonal antibodies. We obtained acute and convalescent antitoxoplasma antisera from patients in an epidemiologically well-documented outbreak of oocyst-transmitted infection associated with the ingestion of contaminated water. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay comparing equal numbers of tachyzoites (invasive stage) and oocyst/sporozoite (excreted stage) indicated that these …

Go to article

The Frequency Of Vestibular Disorders In Developmentally Delayed Preschoolers With Otitis Media., Roseann C Schaaf Apr 1985

The Frequency Of Vestibular Disorders In Developmentally Delayed Preschoolers With Otitis Media., Roseann C Schaaf

Department of Occupational Therapy Faculty Papers

This study investigated the frequency of vestibular disorders in developmentally disabled preschoolers who did and who did not have a history of otitis media. Fifteen children with a history of otitis media and fifteen children with no history of otitis media were given two tests for vestibular functioning: the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test (SCPNT) and the Lateral Labyrinthine Righting Reaction (LLRR), acting on the head. The scores on these tests were dichotomized, and a correlation between these two tests as measures of vestibular function was obtained. Because this correlation did not reach a satisfactory level, two a satisfactory level, …

Go to article

Heterogeneity Of Clonogenic Cells In Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia., Kert D. Sabbath, Edward D. Ball, Peter Larcom, Roger B. Davis, James D. Griffin Feb 1985

Heterogeneity Of Clonogenic Cells In Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia., Kert D. Sabbath, Edward D. Ball, Peter Larcom, Roger B. Davis, James D. Griffin

Dartmouth Scholarship

The expression of differentiation-associated surface antigens by the clonogenic leukemic cells from 20 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) was studied with a panel of seven cytotoxic monoclonal antibodies (anti-Ia, -MY9, -PM-81, -AML-2-23, -Mol, -Mo2, and -MY3). The surface antigen phenotypes of the clonogenic cells were compared with the phenotypes of the whole leukemic cell population, and with the phenotypes of normal hematopoietic progenitor cells. In each case the clonogenic leukemic cells were found within a distinct subpopulation that was less "differentiated" than the total cell population. Clonogenic leukemic cells from different patients could be divided into three phenotype groups. …

Go to article

Interleukin 2 Regulates Its Own Receptors., Kendall A. Smith, Doreen A. Cantrell Feb 1985

Interleukin 2 Regulates Its Own Receptors., Kendall A. Smith, Doreen A. Cantrell

Dartmouth Scholarship

The cell surface density of high-affinity membrane receptors for the T-lymphocytotrophic hormone interleukin 2 (IL-2) determines the rate of T-cell-cycle progression. Since 10-fold greater numbers of IL-2 receptor molecules were found by using a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody reactive with IL-2 receptors (anti-Tac) compared with binding of IL-2, the functional relationship of the binding sites recognized by both of these ligands was assessed. In the presence of cycloheximide, IL-2 binding sites declined with a half-time (t1/2) of 2.6 hr, whereas the decay of anti-Tac binding sites was much slower (t 1/2 = 6.4 hr). Moreover, after limited membrane proteolysis, the half-time …

Go to article

Genetics And Epidemiology Of Gallbladder Disease In New World Native Peoples, K M Weiss, R E Ferrell, C L Hanis, P N Styne Nov 1984

Genetics And Epidemiology Of Gallbladder Disease In New World Native Peoples, K M Weiss, R E Ferrell, C L Hanis, P N Styne

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Native peoples of the New World, including Amerindians and admixed Latin Americans such as Mexican-Americans, are highly susceptible to diseases of the gallbladder. These include cholesterol cholelithiasis (gallstones) and its complications, as well as cancer of the gallbladder. Although there is clearly some necessary dietary or other environmental risk factor involved, the pattern of disease prevalence is geographically associated with the distribution of genes of aboriginal Amerindian origin, and levels of risk generally correspond to the degree of Amerindian admixture. This pattern differs from that generally associated with Westernization, which suggests a gene-environment interaction, and that within an admixed population …

Go to article

Inhibition Of T Lymphocyte Mitogenesis By 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Calcitriol)., William F.C. Rigby, Terryl Stacy, Michael W. Fanger Oct 1984

Inhibition Of T Lymphocyte Mitogenesis By 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Calcitriol)., William F.C. Rigby, Terryl Stacy, Michael W. Fanger

Dartmouth Scholarship

Recent studies have suggested that vitamin D may have other important biologic activities in addition to its well-characterized role in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis. Discovery of cytosolic receptors for vitamin D in human peripheral blood monocytes and lectin-stimulated lymphocytes prompted us to study the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), the most biologically active metabolite of vitamin D, upon phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte blast transformation. We have found that calcitriol is a potent inhibitor of PHA-induced lymphocyte proliferation, achieving 70% inhibition of tritiated thymidine incorporation after 72 h in culture. Furthermore, calcitriol suppressed interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by PHA-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear …

Go to article

Inhibition Of Growth Of Toxoplasma Gondii In Cultured Fibroblasts By Human Recombinant Gamma Interferon., E. R. Pfefferkorn, Paul M. Guyre May 1984

Inhibition Of Growth Of Toxoplasma Gondii In Cultured Fibroblasts By Human Recombinant Gamma Interferon., E. R. Pfefferkorn, Paul M. Guyre

Dartmouth Scholarship

The growth of Toxoplasma gondii in cultured human fibroblasts was inhibited by recombinant human gamma interferon at concentrations of 8 to 16 U/ml. The interferon was titrated by observing a total inhibition of parasite plaque formation 7 days after infection. Inhibition of the growth of T. gondii in the early days after infection was measured by marked reductions in the incorporation of radioactive uracil, a precursor that can only be used by the parasites. This assay showed that when cells were pretreated with gamma interferon for 1 day and then infected, inhibition of T. gondii growth could be readily detected …

Go to article

Gamma Interferon Induces Monocytoid Differentiation In The Hl-60 Cell Line., Edward D. Ball, Paul M. Guyre, Li Shen, John M. Glynn, Charles R. Maliszewski, Paul E. Baker, Michael W. Fanger Apr 1984

Gamma Interferon Induces Monocytoid Differentiation In The Hl-60 Cell Line., Edward D. Ball, Paul M. Guyre, Li Shen, John M. Glynn, Charles R. Maliszewski, Paul E. Baker, Michael W. Fanger

Dartmouth Scholarship

We investigated the ability of purified, recombinant DNA-derived interferons (IFN) to induce phenotypic changes in cells of the HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line. Changes in cell surface markers detected by monoclonal antibodies as well as morphologic, histochemical, and functional changes were monitored. We found that gamma-IFN, but not alpha- or beta-IFN, induced the expression of antigens characteristic of monocytes and granulocytes (AML-2-23, 63D3, and 61D3), as well as changes in morphology consistent with monocytoid differentiation. These included induction of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, increased cell size, and a decrease in azurophilic granules. The gamma-IFN dose dependency and time course of the …

Go to article

Triggering Of The T3-Ti Antigen-Receptor Complex Results In Clonal T-Cell Proliferation Through An Interleukin 2-Dependent Autocrine Pathway., Stefan C. Meuer, Rebecca E. Hussey, Doreen A. Cantrell, James C. Hodgdon, Stuart F. Schlossman, Kendall A. Smith, Ellis L. Reinherz Mar 1984

Triggering Of The T3-Ti Antigen-Receptor Complex Results In Clonal T-Cell Proliferation Through An Interleukin 2-Dependent Autocrine Pathway., Stefan C. Meuer, Rebecca E. Hussey, Doreen A. Cantrell, James C. Hodgdon, Stuart F. Schlossman, Kendall A. Smith, Ellis L. Reinherz

Dartmouth Scholarship

Human T-cell clones and anti-T-cell-receptor antibodies (clonotypic) directed at surface receptors for antigen (T3-Ti molecular complex) as well as anti-interleukin 2 (IL-2) and anti-IL-2-receptor antibodies were utilized to investigate the mechanism by which alloantigens or antigen plus self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (i.e., physiologic ligand) trigger specific clonal proliferation. Soluble or Sepharose-bound anti-Ti monoclonal antibodies, like physiologic ligand, enhanced proliferative responses to purified IL-2 by inducing a 6-fold increase in surface IL-2 receptor expression. In contrast, only Sepharose-bound anti-Ti or physiologic ligand triggered endogenous clonal IL-2 production and resulted in subsequent proliferation. The latter was blocked by antibodies directed at either …

Go to article

Interferon Gamma Blocks The Growth Of Toxoplasma Gondii In Human Fibroblasts By Inducing The Host Cells To Degrade Tryptophan., E. R. Pfefferkorn Feb 1984

Interferon Gamma Blocks The Growth Of Toxoplasma Gondii In Human Fibroblasts By Inducing The Host Cells To Degrade Tryptophan., E. R. Pfefferkorn

Dartmouth Scholarship

Treatment of human fibroblasts with human recombinant gamma interferon blocked the growth of Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. Growth of the parasite was measured by a plaque assay 7 days after infection or by the incorporation of [3H]uracil 1 or 2 days after infection. The antitoxoplasma activity induced in the host cells by gamma interferon was strongly dependent upon the tryptophan concentration of the medium. Progressively higher minimal inhibitory concentrations of gamma interferon were observed as the tryptophan concentration in the culture medium was increased. Treatment with gamma interferon did not make the cells impermeable to tryptophan. The …

Go to article

Recombinant Immune Interferon Increases Immunoglobulin G Fc Receptors On Cultured Human Mononuclear Phagocytes, Paul M. Guyre, Peter M. Morganelli, Renee Miller Jul 1983

Recombinant Immune Interferon Increases Immunoglobulin G Fc Receptors On Cultured Human Mononuclear Phagocytes, Paul M. Guyre, Peter M. Morganelli, Renee Miller

Dartmouth Scholarship

Although recent studies suggest that interferons can increase the number of IgG Fc receptor (FcR gamma) sites on mouse macrophages, direct assessment of similar effects on human mononuclear phagocytes is lacking. We therefore measured the specific binding of 125I- and fluorescein-labeled IgG1 to human monocytes and leukemic cell lines after culture in vitro with highly purified human interferons. We report that natural and recombinant human gamma-interferon causes a dramatic (nearly 10-fold) increase in the number of FcR gamma on normal human monocytes and on the human cell lines HL-60 and U-937. Alpha and beta-interferons cause a modest but significant increase …

Go to article

Proteins Antigenically Related To The Human Erythrocyte Glucose Transporter In Normal And Rous Sarcoma Virus-Transformed Chicken Embryo Fibroblasts., Donald W. Salter, Stephen A. Baldwin, Gustav E. Lienhard, Michael J. Weber Mar 1982

Proteins Antigenically Related To The Human Erythrocyte Glucose Transporter In Normal And Rous Sarcoma Virus-Transformed Chicken Embryo Fibroblasts., Donald W. Salter, Stephen A. Baldwin, Gustav E. Lienhard, Michael J. Weber

Dartmouth Scholarship

Antibody raised against the purified human erythrocyte glucose transporter specifically precipitated four proteins from normal and Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chicken embryo cells: a major protein of Mr 41,000 and minor proteins of Mr 68,000, 73,000, and 82,000. The Mr 41,000 and 82,000 proteins were found only in a membrane fraction, not in the soluble fraction, and displayed a heterogeneous mobility on NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, suggesting glycosylation. The Mr 41,000 and 82,000 proteins were increased in amount after malignant transformation in direct proportion to the increase in hexose transport rate, and the increase was dependent on the expression of the src …

Go to article

Patterns Of Fatty Acid Release From Endogenous Substrates By Human Platelet Homogenates And Membranes, A Derksen, P Cohen Dec 1975

Patterns Of Fatty Acid Release From Endogenous Substrates By Human Platelet Homogenates And Membranes, A Derksen, P Cohen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

We describe a method for measuring the release of fatty acids from endogenous substrates of human platelet homogenates and membranes. The method depends on the availability of lipids whose fatty acids are odd-chained and therefore suitable as internal reference compounds that, at the time of lipid extraction, can be added to an incubation to permit subsequent quantification of the content of free fatty acids or fatty acids esterified to specific lipids. We found four types of lipolytic activities in human platelets. In homogenates at pH 4.0 a triglyceride lipase operated as shown by the synchrony of triglyceride degradation and release …

Go to article

The Doctor-Patient Relationship Revisited. An Analysis Of The Placebo Effect., Herbert M. Adler, Md, Van B. Hammett. Md Apr 1973

The Doctor-Patient Relationship Revisited. An Analysis Of The Placebo Effect., Herbert M. Adler, Md, Van B. Hammett. Md

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

An overview of prescientific medicine, evolution, and individual human development is presented in an attempt to discover the generic factors operating in all interpersonal therapies. We hypothesize that the placebo effect rests on the universal human need for a group and, by symbolic extension, a system.

Go to article

A New Surgical Approach For Vagotomy, Diaphragmatic Herniotomy, Splenectomy, And Operations Upon The Gastro-Esophageal Area Through The Left Sub-Diaphragmatic Extraperitoneal Space, H. A. Davis Apr 1947

A New Surgical Approach For Vagotomy, Diaphragmatic Herniotomy, Splenectomy, And Operations Upon The Gastro-Esophageal Area Through The Left Sub-Diaphragmatic Extraperitoneal Space, H. A. Davis

Medical Arts and Sciences: A Scientific Journal of the College of Medical Evangelists

No abstract provided.

Go to article

The Incidence Of Avian Tuberculosis In Mammals Other Than Swine, L. Van Es, H. M. Martin Aug 1930

The Incidence Of Avian Tuberculosis In Mammals Other Than Swine, L. Van Es, H. M. Martin

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

The recognition of a very widespread and intense distribution of avian tuberculosis on the farms of a wide area of the United States, as well as the involvement of a mammalian species also, brought to the foreground the question whether or not the great prevalence of poultry tuberculosis could be of importance also from a public health point of view. This phase of the problem not only pertains to the people on the farms but likewise is of fundamental importance to the consumers of poultry produce. European authors had already identified the avian tubercle bacillus in human lesions while in …

Go to article

First Prev