Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Precision Of Metabolite-Selective Mrs Measurements Of Glutamate, Gaba And Glutathione: A Review Of Human Brain Studies., Kesavi Kanagasabai, Lena Palaniyappan, Jean Theberge

Department of Medicine Publications

Single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SV 1 H-MRS) is an in vivo noninvasive imaging technique used to detect neurotransmitters and metabolites. It enables repeated measurements in living participants to build explanatory neurochemical models of psychiatric symptoms and testing of therapeutic approaches. Given the tight link among glutamate, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), glutathione and glutamine within the cellular machinery, MRS investigations of neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders must quantify a network of metabolites simultaneously to capture the pathophysiological states of interest. Metabolite-selective sequences typically provide improved metabolite isolation and spectral modelling simplification for a single metabolite at a time. Non-metabolite-selective sequences provide …

Oxidative Stress And Ion Channels In Neurodegenerative Diseases, Razan Orfali, Adnan Z. Alwatban, Rawan S. Orfali, Liz Lau, Noble Chea, Abdullah M. Alotaibi, Young-Woo Nam, Miao Zhang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Numerous neurodegenerative diseases result from altered ion channel function and mutations. The intracellular redox status can significantly alter the gating characteristics of ion channels. Abundant neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress have been documented, including Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, spinocerebellar ataxia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species compounds trigger posttranslational alterations that target specific sites within the subunits responsible for channel assembly. These alterations include the adjustment of cysteine residues through redox reactions induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitration, and S-nitrosylation assisted by nitric oxide of tyrosine residues through peroxynitrite. Several ion channels have been directly …

Raman Spectroscopic Analysis Of Human Serum Samples Of Convalescing Covid-19 Positive Patients, Hugh Byrne, Naomi Jackson, Jaythoon Hassan

Articles

Rapid screening, detection and monitoring of viral infection is of critical importance, as exemplified by the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, leading to the worldwide pandemic of COVID-19. This is equally the case for the stages of patient convalescence as for the initial stages of infection, to understand the medium and long terms effects, as well as the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Optical spectroscopic techniques potentially offer an alternative to currently employed techniques of screening for the presence, or the response to infection. In this study, the ability of Raman spectroscopy to distinguish between samples of the serum of convalescent COVID-19 …

The Effect Of Salvia Fruticosa Water Extract In Acetic-Acid-Induced Colitis In Mice, Rim Mrad, Suzana Salhab, Miriam Al-Battal, Jamilah Borjac

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease, is a chronic condition of the intestine characterized by an uncontrolled inflammatory response. Current biologic treatments developed to treat IBD are expensive and associated with significant side effects; thus, alternative approaches are required. Recently, herbal concoctions have emerged as promising intervention. This study investigates the protective effects of Salvia fruticosa (SF) against acetic acid-induced colitis in mice, a model of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Mice were divided into four groups (n=3). IBD was induced with acetic acid (6%). SF was administered by gavage at 1.5ug/kg mimicking folk medicine. …

Antihypertensive And Antioxidant Activity Of Herbal Medicine (Jamu) B On Rats Induced By 10% Fructose, Aprilita Rina Yanti Eff, Reza Ayu Pertiwi, Hermanus Ehe Hurit, Sri Teguh Rahayu, Yonatan Eden

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Prolonged fructose intake can activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and enhance oxidative stress conditions, causing hypertension and hyperuricemia. This study aimed to determine the antihypertensive and antioxidant activity of Jamu B on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the kidneys of Sprague Dawley rats induced by 10% fructose. Thirty rats were divided into six groups. Groups B1-B3 were Jamu groups at a dose of 0.12 g/kg BW (B1), 0.24 g/kg BW (B2), and 0.36 g/kg BW (B3); group C (positive control) was given captopril 0.1 g/kg BW, group D (negative control) was given only 10% …

Fisetin Deters Cell Proliferation, Induces Apoptosis, Alleviates Oxidative Stress And Inflammation In Human Cancer Cells, Hela, Nazia Afroze, Sreepoorna Pramodh, Jasmin Shafarin, Khuloud Bajbouj, Mawieh Hamad, Madhumitha Kedhari Sundaram, Shafiul Haque, Arif Hussain

All Works

Background: Fisetin, a flavonol profusely found in vegetables and fruits, exhibited a myriad of properties in preclinical studies to impede cancer growth. Purpose: This study was proposed to delineate molecular mechanisms through analysing the modulated expression of various molecular targets in HeLa cells involved in proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation. Methods: MTT assay, flow cytometry, nuclear morphology, DNA fragmentation and Annexin–Pi were performed to evaluate the anti-cancer potential of fisetin. Furthermore, qPCR and proteome profiler were performed to analyse the expression of variety of gene related to cell death, cell proliferation, oxidative stress and inflammation and cancer pathways. Results: Fisetin demonstrated …

Landomycins As Glutathione-Depleting Agents And Natural Fluorescent Probes For Cellular Michael Adduct-Dependent Quinone Metabolism, Alessio Terenzi, Mery La Franca, Sushilla Van Schoonhoven, Rostyslav Panchuk, Álvaro Martínez, Petra Heffeter, Redding Gober, Christine Pirker, Petra Vician, Christian R. Kowol, Rostyslav Stoika, Luca Salassa, Jürgen Rohr, Walter Berger

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Landomycins are angucyclines with promising antineoplastic activity produced by Streptomyces bacteria. The aglycone landomycinone is the distinctive core, while the oligosaccharide chain differs within derivatives. Herein, we report that landomycins spontaneously form Michael adducts with biothiols, including reduced cysteine and glutathione, both cell-free or intracellularly involving the benz[a]anthraquinone moiety of landomycinone. While landomycins generally do not display emissive properties, the respective Michael adducts exerted intense blue fluorescence in a glycosidic chain-dependent manner. This allowed label-free tracking of the short-lived nature of the mono-SH-adduct followed by oxygen-dependent evolution with addition of another SH-group. Accordingly, hypoxia distinctly stabilized the fluorescent mono-adduct. While …

Dietary Blueberry And Soluble Fiber Improve Serum Antioxidant And Adipokine Biomarkers And Lipid Peroxidation In Pregnant Women With Obesity And At Risk For Gestational Diabetes, Arpita Basu, Jeannette Crew, Jeffrey L. Ebersole, Jefferson W. Kinney, Arnold M. Salazar, Petar Planinic, James M. Alexander

Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications

Pregnancies affected by obesity are at high risk for developing metabolic complications with oxidative stress and adipocyte dysfunction contributing to the underlying pathologies. Few studies have examined the role of dietary interventions, especially those involving antioxidants including polyphenolic flavonoids found in fruits and vegetables on these pathologies in high-risk pregnant women. We conducted an 18 gestation-week randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of a dietary intervention comprising of whole blueberries and soluble fiber vs. control (standard prenatal care) on biomarkers of oxidative stress/antioxidant status and adipocyte and hormonal functions in pregnant women with obesity (n = 34). Serum samples …

Glutathione S-Transferase (Gstm1 And Gstt1) Polymorphisms' Relationship Between Glycemic Control Of Diabetic Mothers And Their Infants, Naglaa F. Barseem, Ragab M. Dawood, Shimaa F.N. Dawoud, Soheir S. Abou El-Ella

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objective To evaluate the glutathione S-transferase genetic variants (GSTM1 and GSTT1) in pregnant mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the degree of glycemic control. Background Previous research has declared that GDM affects both the mother and the baby during pregnancy and in the long term. Patients and methods To reach the goal of this research, a case–control study was designed. A total of 80 pregnant women were divided into two groups: (a) patients group (40 patients had GDM during the third trimester of pregnancy) and (b) control group (40 apparently healthy pregnant women). All participants were subjected to detailed …

Evaluation Of Saliva Glutathione, Glutathione Peroxidase, And Malondialdehyde Levels Inhead-Neck Radiotherapy Patients, Gözde Deri̇ndağ, Hayati̇ Murat Akgül, Ahmet Kiziltunç, Hali̇l İbrahi̇m Özkan, Hi̇lal Kiziltunç Özmen, Ni̇lgün Akgül

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: It is believed that radiotherapy has important effects on oxidant/antioxidant systems. Oxidative stress occurs when the balance between oxidant formation and antioxidant defense is disrupted in favor of oxidants. The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical changes in saliva pre- and postradiotherapy in head-neck radiotherapy patients and to find out the effects of radiation on glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in saliva. Materials and methods: This study included 16 patients undergoing head-neck radiotherapy in Atatürk University Research Hospital. The levels of GSH, GSH-Px, and MDA were measured in saliva samples taken from …

Hormonal Regulation Of Glycine Decarboxylase And Its Metabolic Outcomes, Ruta Milind Jog

Wayne State University Dissertations

The amino acid glycine is involved in generation of multiple critical metabolites including glutathione, heme, and creatinine. Interestingly, in both humans and rodents, circulating glycine levels are significantly reduced in obesity, glucose intolerance, type II diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The glycine cleavage system is the predominant glycine degradation pathway in humans. The rate-limiting enzyme of glycine cleavage system is glycine decarboxylase (GLDC), and loss-of-function mutations of GLDC cause hyperglycinemia. Here, we show that GLDC gene expression is upregulated in livers of mouse models of diabetes and diet-induced obesity as well as in the fasted state in normal animals. …

Transcriptional, Translational, And Enzymatic Metabolic Regulation By L-2 Hyroxyglutarate, Garrett Brinkley

All ETDs from UAB

Recent studies have identified elevated levels of a small metabolite, L-2 Hydroxyglutare (L-2HG), which curiously has no known metabolic roles. Renal tumors, hypoxia as well as larval development, specifically in Drosophila, all have been identified to have high levels of L-2HG. These broad categories suggest L-2HG has a physiological role. This work uncovers the impact of elevated levels of L-2HG in altering normal kidney and renal tumors. With structural similarity to α-Ketoglutarate (αKG), L-2HG acts as a competitive inhibitor to enzymes that utilize αKG as substrates or co-factors. L-2HG is known to be metabolized by L-2HG dehydrogenase (L2HGDH). Loss of …

Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy In First-Episode Schizophrenia: Measuring Glutamate And Glutathione Dynamics At 7-Tesla, Peter Jeon

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric illness without known etiology or cure. Current efforts for symptom treatment still seem to leave a large portion of affected individuals without proper symptom management, with those experiencing symptom relief still having to wrestle with potential side-effects from medication trials. There has been growing evidence suggesting that glutamate and glutathione abnormalities hold major roles in development and manifestation of schizophrenia symptoms.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a non-invasive means to observe in-vivo brain chemistry, including glutamate and glutathione. By adding a functional component to an MRS paradigm (fMRS), such as the color-word Stroop task, it is …

Early Treatment Response In First Episode Psychosis: A 7-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Study Of Glutathione And Glutamate, Kara Dempster

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Approximately one third of patients with schizophrenia fail to respond to dopamine-blocking antipsychotic medications. While treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is generally thought to be present from the onset of first episode psychosis (FEP), prospective identification of these patients remains clinically challenging. We investigated the association of glutamate, and glutathione with time to response in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of minimally-treated patients with FEP (n=26) and healthy controls (n= 27) using an ultra-high field 7T MRI protocol. Higher ACC glutathione at baseline was associated with decreased time to achieve 50% symptom improvement. There were no significant differences between patients and …

Investigating The Role Of Endogenous Atf4 Upregulation On Neuronal Glutathione Level, Fatemeh Mirshafiei

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

ATF4 is a transcription factor that is activated in response to integrated stress response (ISR). In neurons specifically, ATF4 has been suggested to act as a pro-apoptotic transcription factor. The expression of ATF4, as well as its downstream gene targets have been implicated in both in vivo and in vitro models of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease. However, the mechanism by which ATF4 promotes cell death remains unclear. It was previously shown that overexpression of ATF4 in primary cortical neurons caused a reduction in glutathione levels, resulting in oxidative stress-induced cell death. The aim of this project was to investigate whether …

Oxidative Stress And Antioxidant In Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors, Arayaporn Macotpet, Ekkachai Pattarapanwichien, Fanan Suksawat, Patcharee Boonsiri

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Oxidative stress can result from either the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or an impaired antioxidant system, or both. It causes damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. Therefore, oxidative stress may be involved in carcinogenesis, and is associated with many types of cancer in dogs. The objective of this study was to compare the levels of malondialdehyde, protein hydroperoxides, glutathione, retinol and alpha-tocopherol between dogs with mast cell tumors and clinically healthy controls. Blood samples were obtained from eighteen clinically healthy dogs and fourteen dogs with spontaneous mast cell tumors. Malondialdehyde and protein hydroperoxides levels were measured by …

Glutathione De Novo Synthesis But Not Recycling Process Coordinates With Glutamine Catabolism To Control Redox Homeostasis And Directs Murine T Cell Differentiation, Gaojian Lian, J. N. Rashida Gnanaprakasam, Tingting Wang, Ruohan Wu, Xuyong Chen, Lingling Liu, Yuqing Shen, Mao Yang, Jun Yang, Ying Chen, Vasilis Vasiliou, Teresa A. Cassel, Douglas R. Green, Yusen Liu, Teresa W. -M. Fan, Ruoning Wang

Toxicology and Cancer Biology Faculty Publications

Upon antigen stimulation, T lymphocytes undergo dramatic changes in metabolism to fulfill the bioenergetic, biosynthetic and redox demands of proliferation and differentiation. Glutathione (GSH) plays an essential role in controlling redox balance and cell fate. While GSH can be recycled from Glutathione disulfide (GSSG), the inhibition of this recycling pathway does not impact GSH content and murine T cell fate. By contrast, the inhibition of the de novo synthesis of GSH, by deleting either the catalytic (Gclc) or the modifier (Gclm) subunit of glutamate–cysteine ligase (Gcl), dampens intracellular GSH, increases ROS, and impact T cell differentiation. Moreover, the inhibition of …

Glutathione: A Small Molecule With Big Sense, Cristina E. Raya, Debasish Bandyopadhyay

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Glutathione, a peptide found in microbes, plants and animals including human plays a key role in maintaining healthy cells. The peptide exists in both reduced and oxidized forms. Synthesis of GSH occurs in the cytosol of cells, and the extent of glutathione synthesis relies on various factors, such as amino acid availability, protein activity etc. Once synthesized, glutathione exists in both forms: oxidized (GSSG) and reduced (GSH). Oxidized glutathione characterized by its disulfide linkage. On the other hand, presence of a thiol group characterizes the reduced glutathione. This thiol makes the tripeptide an essential component of health; it makes glutathione …

Glutathione Species And Metabolomic Prints In Subjects With Liver Disease As Biological Markers For The Detection Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Juan R. Sanabria, Rajan S. Kombu, Guo-Fang Zhang, Yana Sandlers, Jizhou Ai, Rafael A. Ibarra, Rime Abbas, Kush Goyal, Henri Brunengraber

Juan R. Sanabria

Background: The incidence of liver disease is increasing in USA. Animal models had shown glutathione species in plasma reflects liver glutathione state and it could be a surrogate for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: The present study aimed to translate methods to the human and to explore the role of glutathione/metabolic prints in the progression of liver dysfunction and in the detection of HCC. Treated plasma from healthy subjects (n = 20), patients with liver disease (ESLD, n = 99) and patients after transplantation (LTx, n = 7) were analyzed by GC- or LC/MS. Glutathione labeling profile was …

In Vivo Epr Assessment Of Ph, Po2, Redox Status, And Concentrations Of Phosphate And Glutathione In The Tumor Microenvironment, Andrey A. Bobko, Timothy D. Eubank, Benoit Driesschaert, Valery V. Khramtsov

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

This protocol demonstrates the capability of low-field electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-based techniques in combination with functional paramagnetic probes to provide quantitative information on the chemical tumor microenvironment (TME), including pO2, pH, redox status, concentrations of interstitial inorganic phosphate (Pi), and intracellular glutathione (GSH). In particular, an application of a recently developed soluble multifunctional trityl probe provides unsurpassed opportunity for in vivo concurrent measurements of pH, pO2 and Pi in Extracellular space (HOPE probe). The measurements of three parameters using a single probe allow for their correlation analyses independent of probe distribution and time of the measurements.

Theaflavin-3,3'- Digallate Enhances The Inhibitory Effect Of Cisplatin By Regulating The Copper Transporter 1 And Glutathione In Human Ovarian Cancer Cells, Haibo Pan, Eunhye Kim, Gary O. Rankin, Yon Rojanasakul, Youying Tu, Yi Charlie Chen

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Ovarian cancer has the highest fatality rate among the gynecologic cancers. The side effects, high relapse rate, and drug resistance lead to low long-term survival rate (less than 40%) of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Theaflavin-3,3′-digallate (TF3), a black tea polyphenol, showed less cytotoxicity to normal ovarian cells than ovarian cancer cells. We aimed to investigate whether TF3 could potentiate the inhibitory effect of cisplatin against human ovarian cancer cell lines. In the present study, combined treatment with TF3 and cisplatin showed a synergistic cytotoxicity against A2780/CP70 and OVCAR3 cells. Treatment with TF3 could increase the intracellular accumulation of platinum …

Theaflavin-3,3′-Digallate Enhances The Inhibitory Effect Of Cisplatin By Regulating The Copper Transporter 1 And Glutathione In Human Ovarian Cancer Cells, Haibo Pan, Eunhye Kim, Gary O. Rankin, Yon Rojanasakul, Youying Tu, Yi Charlie Chen

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Ovarian cancer has the highest fatality rate among the gynecologic cancers. The side effects, high relapse rate, and drug resistance lead to low long-term survival rate (less than 40%) of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Theaflavin-3,3′-digallate (TF3), a black tea polyphenol, showed less cytotoxicity to normal ovarian cells than ovarian cancer cells. We aimed to investigate whether TF3 could potentiate the inhibitory effect of cisplatin against human ovarian cancer cell lines. In the present study, combined treatment with TF3 and cisplatin showed a synergistic cytotoxicity against A2780/CP70 and OVCAR3 cells. Treatment with TF3 could increase the intracellular accumulation of platinum …

Effect Of Vitamin E Supplementation On Α-Tocopherol Status And Tissue Antioxidants In American Minks (Neovison Vison), Irina Baishnikova, Svetlana Sergina, Tatiana Ilyina

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The α-tocopherol (TCP) state as well as enzymatic (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and catalase [CAT]) and nonenzymatic (reduced glutathione [GSH] and retinol) antioxidants in tissues of American minks (Neovison vison) given various levels of dietary vitamin E were examined. Three groups of farm-bred minks received different amounts of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate (10 mg/kg diet, control; 30 and 110 mg/kg diet, treatments denoted as E30 and E110, respectively) for 14 days in November. The TCP content was raised substantially in the kidneys and reduced in the livers of minks in the E110 group. The action of the 2 vitamin E doses on antioxidants …

Transport Of Bmaa Into Neurons And Astrocytes By System XC-, Rebecca Albano, Doug Lobner

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

The study of the mechanism of β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) neurotoxicity originally focused on its effects at the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. In recent years, it has become clear that its mechanism of action is more complicated. First, there are certain cell types, such as motor neurons and cholinergic neurons, where the dominate mechanism of toxicity is through action at AMPA receptors. Second, even in cortical neurons where the primary mechanism of toxicity appears to be activation of NMDA receptors, there are other mechanisms involved. We found that along with NMDA receptors, activation of mGLuR5 receptors and effects on the …

Acute Maternal Oxidant Exposure Causes Susceptibility Of The Fetal Brain To Inflammation And Oxidative Stress, Feroz Akhtar, Christopher A. Rouse, Gabriel Catano, Marcus Montalvo, Sarah L. Ullevig, Reto Asmis, Kusum Kharbanda, Shivani K. Maffi

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Background

Maternal exposure to environmental stressors poses a risk to fetal development. Oxidative stress (OS), microglia activation, and inflammation are three tightly linked mechanisms that emerge as a causal factor of neurodevelopmental anomalies associated with prenatal ethanol exposure. Antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH) and CuZnSOD are perturbed, and their manipulation provides evidence for neuroprotection. However, the cellular and molecular effects of GSH alteration in utero on fetal microglia activation and inflammation remain elusive.

Methods

Ethanol (EtOH) (2.5 g/kg) was administered to pregnant mice at gestational days 16–17. One hour prior to ethanol treatment, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) …

Imaging Thiol Redox Status In Murine Tumors In Vivo With Rapid-Scan Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Boris Epel, Subramanian V. Sundramoorthy, Martyna Krzykawska-Serda, Matthew C. Maggio, Mark Tseytlin, Gareth R. Eaton, Sandra S. Eaton, Gerald M. Rosen, Joseph P. Y. Kao, Howard J. Halpern

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Thiol redox status is an important physiologic parameter that affects the success or failure of cancer treatment. Rapid scan electron paramagnetic resonance (RS EPR) is a novel technique that has shown higher signal-to-noise ratio than conventional continuous-wave EPR in in vitro studies. Here we used RS EPR to acquire rapid three-dimensional images of the thiol redox status of tumors and normal tissues in living mice. This work presents, for the first time, in vivo RS EPR images of the kinetics of the reaction of 2H,15N-substituted disulfide-linked dinitroxide (PxSSPx) spin probe with intracellular glutathione. The cleavage rate is proportional to the …

Preclinical Assessment Of Immunocal® As A Preventative Treatment For Traumatic Brain Injury (Tbi) In A Mouse Model Of Closed Head Injury, Elizabeth Eugenia Ignowski

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Over the past three decades, traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been considered a "silent epidemic" and recognized as an emergent public health problem by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). TBI is defined as a bump, blow, or jolt to the head that disrupts the normal function of the brain. Due to the debilitating effects and prevalence of TBI, novel preventative treatment regimens are highly desirable in at risk populations. According to the CDC groups disproportionately affected by TBI include athletes, people aged 75+, and service men and women, among others. Here, we investigated a unique whey protein …

Effects Of Ankaferd Bloodstopper On Dermal Healing In Diabetic Rats, Sertaç Aktop, Burcu Çevreli̇, Deni̇z Genç, Emel Serdaroğlu Kaşikçi, Ni̇l Çomunoğlu Üstündağ, Noushi̇n Zi̇bandeh, Eli̇f Merve Özcan, Gökhan Göçmen, Mehmet Kami̇l Göker, İsmai̇l Tayfun Uzbay, Tunç Akkoç

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Diabetes mellitus inhibits wound-induced angiogenesis, impairs the wound healing process, and leads to the development of chronic wounds. Ankaferd BloodStopper (ABS) is a new and promising local haemostatic agent. Although the mechanism of ABS-mediated haemostasis is well established, little is known about the associated histological and biochemical tissue reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of this new-generation local haemostatic agent on short-term soft-tissue healing in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats. Materials and methods: The 24 Wistar albino rats used in this study were divided into STZ-treated (STZ, n = 12) and nontreated groups (control, n = …

Glutathione Species And Metabolomic Prints In Subjects With Liver Disease As Biological Markers For The Detection Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Juan R. Sanabria, Rajan S. Kombu, Guo-Fang Zhang, Yana Sandlers, Jizhou Ai, Rafael A. Ibarra, Rime Abbas, Kush Goyal, Henri Brunengraber

Surgery

Background: The incidence of liver disease is increasing in USA. Animal models had shown glutathione species in plasma reflects liver glutathione state and it could be a surrogate for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: The present study aimed to translate methods to the human and to explore the role of glutathione/metabolic prints in the progression of liver dysfunction and in the detection of HCC. Treated plasma from healthy subjects (n = 20), patients with liver disease (ESLD, n = 99) and patients after transplantation (LTx, n = 7) were analyzed by GC- or LC/MS. Glutathione labeling profile was …

Simultaneous Quantitation Of Oxidized And Reduced Glutathione Via Lc-Ms/Ms: An Insight Into The Redox State Of Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Dustin W. Carroll, Diana Howard, Haining Zhu, Christian M. Paumi, Mary Vore, Subbarao Bondada, Ying Liang, Chi Wang, Daret K. St. Clair

Toxicology and Cancer Biology Faculty Publications

Cellular redox balance plays a significant role in the regulation of hematopoietic stem-progenitor cell (HSC/MPP) self-renewal and differentiation. Unregulated changes in cellular redox homeostasis are associated with the onset of most hematological disorders. However, accurate measurement of the redox state in stem cells is difficult because of the scarcity of HSC/MPPs. Glutathione (GSH) constitutes the most abundant pool of cellular antioxidants. Thus, GSH metabolism may play a critical role in hematological disease onset and progression. A major limitation to studying GSH metabolism in HSC/MPPs has been the inability to measure quantitatively GSH concentrations in small numbers of HSC/MPPs. Current methods …