Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Sex Modifies Apoe Ε4 Dose Effect On Brain Tau Deposition In Cognitively Impaired Individuals, Shaozhen Yan, Chaojie Zheng, Manish D Paranjpe, Yanxiao Li, Weihua Li, Xiuying Wang, Tammie L S Benzinger, Jie Lu, Yun Zhou

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Recent studies in cognitively unimpaired elderly individuals suggest that the APOE ε4 allele exerts a dosage-dependent effect on brain tau deposition. The aim of this study was to investigate sex differences in APOE ε4 gene dosage effects on brain tau deposition in cognitively impaired individuals using quantitative 18F-flortaucipir PET. Preprocessed 18F-flortaucipir tau PET images, T1-weighted structural MRI, demographic information, global cortical amyloid-β burden measured by 18F-florbetapir PET, CSF total tau and phosphorylated tau measurements were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. Two hundred and sixty-eight cognitively impaired individuals with 146 APOE ε4 non-carriers and 122 carriers (85 heterozygotes …

The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Food Distribution At Emergency Food Assistance Organizations In The Southwestern United States: A Qualitative Investigation, Alexandra N Castro, Mamie A White, Ariun Ishdorj, Debbe Thompson, Jayna M Dave

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

This study aimed to identify changes in food distribution operations at emergency food assistance organizations (EFAOs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. EFAOs across the Houston metro area, TX (human service centers and food pantries) as well as the Houston Food Bank (HFB) participated in the qualitative study. Data were collected via individual semi-structured interviews and focus group (December 2020–February 2021), and coded using semi-structured thematic analysis. Categories were pre-identified based on the interview questions. Direct quotes supported subcategories. Directors from 18 EFAOs were interviewed; 8 HFB leadership staff participated in a focus group. Four major categories of change due to COVID-19 …

Enterovirus D68-Associated Acute Respiratory Illness ─ New Vaccine Surveillance Network, United States, July-November 2018-2020., Melisa M. Shah, Ariana Perez, Joana Y. Lively, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Julie A. Boom, James Chappell, Janet A. Englund, Wende Fregoe, Natasha B. Halasa, Christopher J. Harrison, Robert W. Hickey, Eileen J. Klein, Monica M. Mcneal, Marian G. Michaels, Mary Moffatt, Catherine Otten, Leila C. Sahni, Elizabeth Schlaudecker, Jennifer E. Schuster, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Mary A. Staat, Laura S. Stewart, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, John V. Williams, Terry Fan Fei Ng, Janell A. Routh, Susan I. Gerber, Meredith L. Mcmorrow, Brian Rha, Claire M. Midgley

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is associated with a broad spectrum of illnesses, including mild to severe acute respiratory illness (ARI) and acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). Enteroviruses, including EV-D68, are typically detected in the United States during late summer through fall, with year-to-year fluctuations. Before 2014, EV-D68 was infrequently reported to CDC (1). However, numbers of EV-D68 detection have increased in recent years, with a biennial pattern observed during 2014-2018 in the United States, after the expansion of surveillance and wider availability of molecular testing. In 2014, a national outbreak of EV-D68 was detected (2). EV-D68 was also reported in 2016 via …

Spinal Anesthesia Or General Anesthesia For Hip Surgery In Older Adults, Mark D. Neuman, Rui Feng, Jeffrey L. Carson, Lakisha J. Gaskins, Derek Dillane, Daniel I. Sessler, Frederick Sieber, Jay Magaziner, Edward R. Marcantonio, Samir Mehta, Diane Menio, Sabry Ayad, Trevor Stone, Steven Papp, Eric S. Schwenk, Nabil Elkassabany, Mitchell Marshall, J. Douglas Jaffe, Charles Luke, Balram Sharma, Syed Azim, Robert A. Hymes, Ki-Jinn Chin, Richard Sheppard, Barry Perlman, Joshua Sappenfield, Ellen Hauck, Mark A. Hoeft, Mark Giska, Yatish Ranganath, Tiffany Tedore, Stephen Choi, Jinlei Li, M. Kwesi Kwofie, Antoun Nader, Robert D. Sanders, Brian F. S. Allen, Kamen Vlassakov, Stephen Kates, Lee A. Fleisher, James Dattilo, Ann Tierney, Alisa J. Stephens-Shields, Susan S. Ellenberg

Department of Anesthesiology Faculty Papers

Background: The effects of spinal anesthesia as compared with general anesthesia on the ability to walk in older adults undergoing surgery for hip fracture have not been well studied.

Methods: We conducted a pragmatic, randomized superiority trial to evaluate spinal anesthesia as compared with general anesthesia in previously ambulatory patients 50 years of age or older who were undergoing surgery for hip fracture at 46 U.S. and Canadian hospitals. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive spinal or general anesthesia. The primary outcome was a composite of death or an inability to walk approximately 10 ft (3 …

Large-Scale Dna Demethylation Occurs In Proliferating Ovarian Granulosa Cells During Mouse Follicular Development, Tomoko Kawai, Joanne S Richards, Masayuki Shimada

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

During ovarian follicular development, granulosa cells proliferate and progressively differentiate to support oocyte maturation and ovulation. To determine the underlying links between proliferation and differentiation in granulosa cells, we determined changes in 1) the expression of genes regulating DNA methylation and 2) DNA methylation patterns, histone acetylation levels and genomic DNA structure. In response to equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), granulosa cell proliferation increased, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1) significantly decreased and Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) significantly increased in S-phase granulosa cells. Comprehensive MeDIP-seq analyses documented that eCG treatment decreased methylation of promoter regions in approximately 40% of the genes in granulosa …

Differentiation Of Fetal Hematopoietic Stem Cells Requires Arid4b To Restrict Autocrine Kitlg/Kit-Src Signaling., In-Chi Young, Bogang Wu, Jaclyn Andricovich, Sung-Ting Chuang, Rong Li, Alexandros Tzatsos, Ray-Chang Wu, Mei-Yi Wu

Anatomy and Regenerative Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Construct Validity For The Self-Reported Competency And Sub-Construct Associated Characteristics Of Romanian Physicians In Autism Spectrum Disorder, Mohammad H Rahbar, Iuliana Dobrescu, Shezeen Gillani, Manouchehr Hessabi, Sori Kim, Mihaela Stancu, Florina Rad

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Lack of physicians' knowledge regarding mental health, including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) could have adverse effects on affected individuals' health and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to provide construct validity for a modified questionnaire in order to determine the self-reported competency for underlying sub-constructs in ASD, make inferences on perceived competence in ASD based on a sample of Romanian physicians, and identify physicians' characteristics associated with these sub-domains of competency.

METHODS: For this survey, we modified a questionnaire that was used in Pakistan and Turkey, and administered it to a sample of 383 practicing physicians …

Low-Dose Dobutamine Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Segmental Strain Study Of Early Phase Of Intramyocardial Hemorrhage Rats, Rui Xia, Bo He, Tong Zhu, Yu Zhang, Yushu Chen, Lei Wang, Yang Zhou, Jichun Liao, Jie Zheng, Yongmei Li, Fajin Lv, Fabao Gao

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: This study investigates the segmental myocardial strain of the early phase of intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) caused by reperfused myocardial infarction (MI) in rats by low-dose dobutamine (LDD) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) feature-tracking.

METHODS: Nine sham rats and nine rats with 60-min myocardial ischemia followed by 48-h reperfusion were investigated using CMR, including T2*-mapping sequence and fast imaging with steady-state precession (FISP)-cine sequence. Another FISP-cine sequence was acquired after 2 min of dobutamine injection; the MI, IMH, and Non-MI (NMI) areas were identified. The values of peak radial strains (PRS) and peak circumferential strains (PCS) of the MI, IMH and …

Nrf1 Association With Auts2-Polycomb Mediates Specific Gene Activation In The Brain, Sanxiong Liu, Kimberly A Aldinger, Chi Vicky Cheng, Takae Kiyama, Mitali Dave, Hanna K Mcnamara, Wukui Zhao, James M Stafford, Nicolas Descostes, Pedro Lee, Stefano G Caraffi, Ivan Ivanovski, Edoardo Errichiello, Christiane Zweier, Orsetta Zuffardi, Michael Schneider, Antigone S Papavasiliou, M Scott Perry, Jennifer Humberson, Megan T Cho, Astrid Weber, Andrew Swale, Tudor C Badea, Chai-An Mao, Livia Garavelli, William B Dobyns, Danny Reinberg

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The heterogeneous family of complexes comprising Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is instrumental for establishing facultative heterochromatin that is repressive to transcription. However, two PRC1 species, ncPRC1.3 and ncPRC1.5, are known to comprise novel components, AUTS2, P300, and CK2, that convert this repressive function to that of transcription activation. Here, we report that individuals harboring mutations in the HX repeat domain of AUTS2 exhibit defects in AUTS2 and P300 interaction as well as a developmental disorder reflective of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, which is mainly associated with a heterozygous pathogenic variant in CREBBP/EP300. Moreover, the absence of AUTS2 or mutation in its …

Shaper-Pnd Trial: Clinical Effectiveness Protocol Of A Community Singing Intervention For Postnatal Depression, Carolina Estevao, Rebecca Bind, Daisy Fancourt, Kristi Sawyer, Paola Dazzan, Nick Sevdalis, Anthony Woods, Nikki Crane, Lavinia Rebecchini, Katie Hazelgrove, Manonmani Manoharan, Alexandra Burton, Hannah Dye, Tim Osborn, Rachel E. Davis, Tayana Soukup, Jorge Arias De La Torre, Ioannis Bakolis, Andy Healey, Rosie Perkins, Carmine Pariante

Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Postnatal depression (PND) affects approximately 13% of new mothers. Community-based activities are sought after by many mothers, especially mothers that prefer not to access pharmacological or psychological interventions. Singing has shown positive effects in maternal mood and mother-child bonding. The Scaling-Up Health-Arts Programmes: Implementation and Effectiveness Research-Postnatal Depression study will analyse the clinical and implementation effectiveness of 10-week singing sessions for PND in new mothers. This protocol paper will focus on the clinical effectiveness of this trial. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A total of 400 mothers with PND (with a score of at least 10 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression …

Enhancing Dopamine Tone Modulates Global And Local Cortical Perfusion As A Function Of Comt Val158met Genotype, Daniella J Furman, Ioannis Pappas, Robert L White 3rd, Andrew S Kayser, Mark D'Esposito

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The cognitive effects of pharmacologically enhancing cortical dopamine (DA) tone are variable across healthy human adults. It has been postulated that individual differences in drug responses are linked to baseline cortical DA activity according to an inverted-U-shaped function. To better understand the effect of divergent starting points along this curve on DA drug responses, researchers have leveraged a common polymorphism (rs4680) in the gene encoding the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) that gives rise to greater (Met allele) or lesser (Val allele) extracellular levels of cortical DA. Here we examined the extent to which changes in resting cortical perfusion following the administration …

Sedation And Acute Encephalopathy In A Pediatric Patient Following Ingestion Of Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol Gummies, Peter Akpunonu, Regan A. Baum, Andrew Reckers, Blake Davidson, Ross Ellison, Matthew Riley, Jordan Trecki, Roy Gerona

Emergency Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND Delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-8 THC) is an isomer of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9 THC), the primary psychoactive cannabinoid in the marijuana plant. Typically found at lower concentrations in marijuana, delta-8 THC exhibits psychoactive properties similar to delta-9 THC. Products containing delta-8 THC are readily available across the US and currently there is a lack of available confirmatory testing specific to delta-8 THC as there is cross-reactivity to other naturally occurring cannabinoids in standard immunoassays. Pediatric exposures to this substance are on the rise.

CASE REPORT We present a case with laboratory confirmation of a previously healthy 2-year-old girl ingesting approximately 15 mg/kg …

Physical Activity And Fat-Free Mass During Growth And In Later Life, Klaas R Westerterp, Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Philip N Ainslie, Lene F Andersen, Liam J Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issaad Baddou, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G Bonomi, Carlijn V C Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Maciej S Buchowski, Nancy F Butte, Stefan G J A Camps, Graeme L Close, Jamie A Cooper, Sai K Das, Richard Cooper, Lara R Dugas, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W Fudge, Annelies H Goris, Michael Gurven, Catherine Hambly, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Marije B Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Kitty P Kempen, Misaka Kimura, William E Kraus, Robert F Kushner, Estelle V Lambert, William R Leonard, Nader Lessan, Corby K Martin, Anine C Medin, Erwin P Meijer, James C Morehen, James P Morton, Marian L Neuhouser, Theresa A Nicklas, Robert M Ojiambo, Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L Prentice, Roberto A Rabinovich, Susan B Racette, David A Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Rebecca M Reynolds, Susan B Roberts, Albertine J Schuit, Anders M Sjödin, Eric Stice, Samuel S Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M Van Etten, Edgar A Van Mil, Jonathan C K Wells, George Wilson, Brian M Wood, Jack Yanovski, Tsukasa Yoshida, Xueying Zhang, Alexia J Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U Loechl, Amy H Luke, Herman Pontzer, Jennifer Rood, Dale A Schoeller, William W Wong, John R Speakman

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

BACKGROUND: Physical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass.

OBJECTIVES: A study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age.

METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants, age 3-96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical …

Identification Of An Atp/P2x7/Mast Cell Pathway Mediating Ozone-Induced Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness, Xiaomei Kong, William C Bennett, Corey M Jania, Kelly D Chason, Zachary German, Jennifer Adouli, Samuel D Budney, Brandon T Oby, Catharina Van Heusden, Eduardo R Lazarowski, Ilona Jaspers, Scott H Randell, Barry A Hedgespeth, Glenn Cruse, Xiaoyang Hua, Stephen A Schworer, Gregory J Smith, Samir Np Kelada, Stephen L Tilley

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Ozone is a highly reactive environmental pollutant with well-recognized adverse effects on lung health. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is one consequence of ozone exposure, particularly for individuals with underlying lung disease. Our data demonstrated that ozone induced substantial ATP release from human airway epithelia in vitro and into the airways of mice in vivo and that ATP served as a potent inducer of mast cell degranulation and BHR, acting through P2X7 receptors on mast cells. Both mast cell-deficient and P2X7 receptor-deficient (P2X7-/-) mice demonstrated markedly attenuated BHR to ozone. Reconstitution of mast cell-deficient mice with WT mast cells and P2X7-/- mast …

Physical Activity And Fat-Free Mass During Growth And In Later Life, Klaas R Westerterp, Susan B Racette, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Physical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass.

OBJECTIVES: A study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age.

METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants, age 3-96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical …

Competitive Binding Of E3 Ligases Trim26 And Wwp2 Controls Sox2 In Glioblastoma, Tatenda Mahlokozera, Bhuvic Patel, Hao Chen, Patrick Desouza, Xuan Qu, Diane D Mao, Daniel Hafez, Wei Yang, Rukayat Taiwo, Mounica Paturu, Afshin Salehi, Amit D Gujar, Gavin P Dunn, Nima Mosammaparast, Allegra A Petti, Hiroko Yano, Albert H Kim

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The pluripotency transcription factor SOX2 is essential for the maintenance of glioblastoma stem cells (GSC), which are thought to underlie tumor growth, treatment resistance, and recurrence. To understand how SOX2 is regulated in GSCs, we utilized a proteomic approach and identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM26 as a direct SOX2-interacting protein. Unexpectedly, we found TRIM26 depletion decreased SOX2 protein levels and increased SOX2 polyubiquitination in patient-derived GSCs, suggesting TRIM26 promotes SOX2 protein stability. Accordingly, TRIM26 knockdown disrupted the SOX2 gene network and inhibited both self-renewal capacity as well as in vivo tumorigenicity in multiple GSC lines. Mechanistically, we found TRIM26, …

Infant Outcomes Following Maternal Infection With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Sars-Cov-2): First Report From The Pregnancy Coronavirus Outcomes Registry (Priority) Study., Valerie J. Flaherman, Yalda Afshar, W. John Boscardin, Roberta L. Keller, Anne H. Mardy, Mary K. Prahl, Carolyn T. Phillips, Ifeyinwa V. Asiodu, Vincenzo Berghella, Brittany D. Chambers, Joia Crear-Perry, Denise J. Jamieson, Vanessa L. Jacoby, Stephanie L. Gaw

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

Infant outcomes after maternal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are not well described. In a prospective US registry of 263 infants, maternal SARS-CoV-2 status was not associated with birth weight, difficulty breathing, apnea, or upper or lower respiratory infection through 8 weeks of age.

Influential Periods In Longitudinal Clinical Cardiovascular Health Scores, Amy E Krefman, Vito M R Muggeo, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) among adults in the United States is low and decreases with age. Our objective was to identify specific age windows when the loss of CVH accelerates, to ascertain preventive opportunities for intervention. Data were pooled from 5 longitudinal cohorts (Project Heartbeat!, Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, The Bogalusa Heart Study, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults, Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project) from the United States and Finland from 1973 to 2012. Individuals with clinical CVH factors (i.e., body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, blood glucose) measured from ages 8 …

Emergency Department Administration Of Covid-19 Antibody Therapies: Early Experience., Christopher Payette, Joseph T. Brooks, Robert Shesser

Emergency Medicine Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Covid-19 Pandemic Lockdowns On Planned Cancer Surgery For 15 Tumour Types In 61 Countries: An International Prospective, Cohort Study, Covidsurg Collaborative

Department of Surgery Faculty Publications

Background: Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods: This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national …

Shifts In Unaids Ethics Guidance And Implications For Ethics Review Of Preventive Hiv Vaccine Trials., Catherine Slack, Paul Ndebele, Mary Allen, Jessica Salzwedel

Global Health Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: A major change in the ethics framework for preventive HIV vaccine trials worldwide is the release of the UNAIDS 2021 ethical considerations in HIV prevention trials. This new guidance comes at an exciting time when there are multiple HIV vaccine efficacy trials in the field. Research Ethics Committees (RECs) or Institutional Review Boards are a most likely audience for these guidelines. Our objective is to highlight shifts in ethics recommendations from the earlier 2012 UNAIDS guidance.

DISCUSSION: We review recommendations related to four key issues, namely standard of prevention, post-trial access to safe and effective vaccines, enrolment of adolescents …

Acr Appropriateness Criteria® Staging And Follow-Up Of Primary Vaginal Cancer., Aoife Kilcoyne, Ravi V Gottumukkala, Stella K Kang, Esma A. Akin, Carlin Hauck, Nicole M Hindman, Chenchan Huang, Namita Khanna, Rajmohan Paspulati, Gaiane M Rauch, Tamer Said, Atul B Shinagare, Erica B Stein, Aradhana M Venkatesan, Katherine E Maturen

Radiology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Development Of A Financial Toxicity Screening Tool For Radiation Oncology: A Secondary Analysis Of A Pilot Prospective Patient-Reported Outcomes Study, Rahul N Prasad, Tejash Patel, Scott W Keith, Harriet Eldredge-Hindy, Scot A Fisher, Joshua D Palmer

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

Purpose: Financial toxicity is highly prevalent in oncology. Early identification of at-risk patients is essential because financial toxicity is associated with inferior outcomes. Validated general oncology screening tools are cumbersome and not specific to challenges related to radiation therapy, such as daily treatments. In the population of radiation oncology patients, no standardized, validated, rapid screening tool exists. We sought to develop a rapid, no-cost, and reliable financial-toxicity screening tool for clinical radiation oncology.

Methods and materials: We retrospectively analyzed data from a prospective survey study conducted at a large referral center with a heterogeneous population. Before treatment, a 25-item modified …

Factors Associated With Surgeon Recommendation For Additional Cast Immobilization Of A Ct-Verified Nondisplaced Scaphoid Waist Fracture, Anne Eve J. Bulstra, Tom J. Crijns, Stein J. Janssen, Geert A. Buijze, David Ring, Ruurd L. Jaarsma, Gino M.M.J. Kerkhoffs, Miryam C. Obdeijn, Job N. Doornberg, A. Peters, A. B. Spoor, Abhay Shrivastava, Aakash Chauhan, Adam Shafritz, Asif M. Ilyas, Anne J.H. Vochteloo, Andrew John Powell, Alberto Pérez Castillo, Alexandre Leme Godoy-Santos, Amparo Gomez Gelvez, Andrea Bauer, Antonio Barquet, Anze Kristan, Ante Prkic, Axel Jubel, Boj Mirck, B. E. Kreis, H. Brent Bamberger, William Dias Belangero, Bernard F. Hearon, Bradley Palmer

Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Publications

Introduction: Data from clinical trials suggest that CT-confirmed nondisplaced scaphoid waist fractures heal with less than the conventional 8-12 weeks of immobilization. Barriers to adopting shorter immobilization times in clinical practice may include a strong influence of fracture tenderness and radiographic appearance on decision-making. This study aimed to investigate (1) the degree to which surgeons use fracture tenderness and radiographic appearance of union, among other factors, to decide whether or not to recommend additional cast immobilization after 8 or 12 weeks of immobilization; (2) identify surgeon factors associated with the decision to continue cast immobilization after 8 or 12 weeks. …

Phase I Study Of Single Agent Niz985, A Recombinant Heterodimeric Il-15 Agonist, In Adult Patients With Metastatic Or Unresectable Solid Tumors, Kevin Conlon, Andrea Wang-Gillam, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: NIZ985 is a recombinant heterodimer of physiologically active interleukin (IL-)15 and IL-15 receptor alpha. In preclinical models, NIZ985 promotes cytotoxic lymphocyte proliferation, killing function, and organ/tumor infiltration, with resultant anticancer effects. In this first-in-human study, we assessed the safety, pharmacokinetics, and immune effects of NIZ985 in patients with metastatic or unresectable solid tumors.

METHODS: Single agent NIZ985 dose escalation data are reported from a phase I dose escalation/expansion study of NIZ985 as monotherapy. Adult patients (N=14) received 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 µg/kg subcutaneous NIZ985 three times weekly (TIW) for the first 2 weeks of each 28-day cycle, …

Analysis Of Covid-19 Infection And Mortality Among Patients With Psychiatric Disorders, 2020, Antonio L Teixeira, Trudy Millard Krause, Lopita Ghosh, Lokesh Shahani, Rodrigo Machado-Vieira, Scott D Lane, Eric Boerwinkle, Jair C Soares

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: People with major psychiatric disorders are more likely to have comorbidities associated with worse outcomes of COVID-19. This fact alone could determine greater vulnerability of people with major psychiatric disorders to COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the odds of testing positive for and mortality from COVID-19 among and between patients with schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety disorders and a reference group in a large national database.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used an electronic health record data set aggregated from many national sources in the United States and licensed from Optum with current and historical data on patients tested …

A Comparison Of Methods Of Discontinuing Nasal Cpap In Premature Infants <30 Weeks Gestation: A Feasibility Study, Brittany Duyka, Claire Beaullieu, Amir M Khan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether abrupt discontinuation vs gradual wean of nasal CPAP (NCPAP) in infantstherapy.

STUDY DESIGN: We performed a single-center, randomized control trial of premature infants born(n = 66), comparing discontinuation of NCPAP from 6 cmH

RESULTS: Duration of NCPAP or mechanical ventilation was longer in the slow wean arm compared to the fast wean arm (17 vs 12 days, p = 0.03). There were no differences observed in secondary outcomes.

CONCLUSION: In weaning NCPAP, abrupt discontinuation may be associated with a shorter duration of positive pressure respiratory support compared to a gradual …

Efficacy Of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine In Nepal: Final Results Of A Phase 3, Randomised, Controlled Trial, Mila Shakya, Merryn Voysey, Katherine Theiss-Nyland, Rachel Colin-Jones, Dikshya Pant, Anup Adhikari, Susan Tonks, Yama F Mujadidi, Peter O'Reilly, Olga Mazur, Sarah Kelly, Xinxue Liu, Archana Maharjan, Ashata Dahal, Naheeda Haque, Anisha Pradhan, Suchita Shrestha, Manij Joshi, Nicola Smith, Jennifer Hill, Jenny Clarke, Lisa Stockdale, Elizabeth Jones, Timothy Lubinda, Binod Bajracharya, Sabina Dongol, Abhilasha Karkey, Stephen Baker, Gordan Dougan, Virginia E Pitzer, Kathleen M Neuzil, Shrijana Shrestha, Buddha Basnyat, Andrew J Pollard

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Typhoid fever is a major public health problem in low-resource settings. Vaccination can help curb the disease and might reduce transmission. We have previously reported an interim analysis of the efficacy of typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) in Nepali children. Here we report the final results after 2 years of follow-up.

METHODS: We did a participant-masked and observer-masked individually randomised trial in Lalitpur, Nepal, in which 20 019 children aged 9 months to younger than 16 years were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive a single dose of TCV (Typbar TCV, Bharat Biotech International, India) or capsular group …

Clinical Outcomes Of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia In A County Hospital System, Effrosyni Apostolidou, Curtis Lachowiez, Harinder S Juneja, Wei Qiao, Onyebuchi Ononogbu, Courtney Nicole Miller-Chism, Mark Udden, Hilary Ma, Martha Pritchett Mims

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Major advances in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) over the past decade have resulted in 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of 80% in mature B cell ALL, 50% in precursor B cell ALL, 50% to 60% in T cell ALL, and 60% to 70% in Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) ALL, as reported in studies from large, specialized centers. However, many patients treated in the community have limited access to novel therapies and stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The purpose of this retrospective cohort analysis was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients ≥ 16 years with …

Mortality, Kidney Failure, And Hospitalization Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Ckd And Pulmonary Hypertension, Sankar D Navaneethan, Carl P Walther, L Parker Gregg, Shweta Bansal, Wolfgang C Winkelmayer, Vijay Nambi, Jingbo Niu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is highly prevalent among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not requiring kidney replacement therapy. We studied the associations of PH with mortality, kidney failure, as well as cardiovascular (CV) and non-CV hospitalization among Medicare beneficiaries with a CKD diagnosis.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, observational study using a matched cohort design.

SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Patients with PH (based on 2 claims within 2 years) and patients without PH matched on CKD stage from the Medicare 5% CKD sample (1996-2016).

PREDICTOR: Presence of pulmonary hypertension.

OUTCOME: Mortality, kidney failure, and all-cause, CV, and non-CV hospitalization.

ANALYTICAL …