Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Whole-Body Hypothermia For Neonatal Encephalopathy In Preterm Infants 33 To 35 Weeks' Gestation: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Roger G Faix, Abbot R Laptook, Seetha Shankaran, Barry Eggleston, Dhuly Chowdhury, Roy J Heyne, Abhik Das, Claudia Pedroza, Jon E Tyson, Courtney Wusthoff, Sonia L Bonifacio, Pablo J Sánchez, Bradley A Yoder, Matthew M Laughon, Diana M Vasil, Krisa P Van Meurs, Margaret M Crawford, Rosemary D Higgins, Brenda B Poindexter, Tarah T Colaizy, Shannon E G Hamrick, Lina F Chalak, Robin K Ohls, Michele E Hartley-Mcandrew, Kevin Dysart, Carl T D'Angio, Ronnie Guillet, Stephen D Kicklighter, Waldemar A Carlo, Gregory M Sokol, Sara B Demauro, Anna Maria Hibbs, C Michael Cotten, Stephanie L Merhar, Roopali V Bapat, Heidi M Harmon, Elizabeth Sewell, Sarah Winter, Girija Natarajan, Ricardo Mosquera, Susan R Hintz, Nathalie L Maitre, Kristen L Benninger, Myriam Peralta-Carcelen, Abbey C Hines, Andrea F Duncan, Deanne E Wilson-Costello, Andrea Trembath, William F Malcolm, Michele C Walsh

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Importance: Hypothermia begun less than 6 hours after birth reduces death or disability in infants with encephalopathy due to hypoxia-ischemia at 36 or more weeks' gestation. Trials of hypothermia for infants younger than 36 weeks' gestation are lacking.

Objective: To assess the probability that hypothermia at less than 6 hours after birth decreases death or disability in infants 33 to 35 weeks' gestation with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Design, setting, and participants: This randomized clinical trial was conducted between July 2015 and December 2022 for infants 33 to 35 weeks' gestation with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy at less …

Changes In Patent Ductus Arteriosus Management And Outcomes In Infants Born At 26-28 Weeks' Gestation, Dinushan C Kaluarachchi, Matthew A Rysavy, Barbara T Do, Valerie Y Chock, Matthew M Laughon, Carl H Backes, Tarah T Colaizy, Edward F Bell, Patrick J Mcnamara

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: To investigate the association between the secular decrease in treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and trends in neonatal mortality and morbidity in infants born at 26 0/7-28 6/7 weeks' gestation.

Study design: A retrospective cohort study including infants born between 2012 and 2021 in continually participating hospitals in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. The primary composite outcome was defined as surgical necrotizing enterocolitis, grade 2-3 bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), severe intraventricular hemorrhage, or death. Relationships of temporal trends in PDA treatment with the primary composite outcome and its components were analyzed using …

Nichd Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Score In Term Infants With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Secondary Analysis Of A Randomized Clinical Trial, Seetha Shankaran, Abbot R Laptook, Carolina Guimaraes, Johnathan Murnick, Scott A Mcdonald, Abhik Das, Carolyn M Petrie Huitema, Athina Pappas, Rosemary D Higgins, Susan R Hintz, Kristin M Zaterka-Baxter, Krisa P Van Meurs, Gregory M Sokol, Lina F Chalak, Tarah T Colaizy, Uday Devaskar, Jon E Tyson, Anne Marie Reynolds, Sara B Demauro, Pablo J Sánchez, Matthew M Laughon, Waldemar A Carlo, Kristi Watterberg, Karen M Puopolo, Anna Maria Hibbs, Shannon E G Hamrick, C Michael Cotten, John Barks, Brenda B Poindexter, William E Truog, Carl T D'Angio

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Importance: The neonatal brain injury score on magnetic resonance imaging following moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy developed by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network has been revised to separate watershed and basal ganglia or thalamic injury and their associated outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate the association of the injury score with outcomes of death or moderate or severe disability among all infants, and with neurodevelopment among survivors in a trial of deeper and longer cooling.

Design, setting, and participants: In this secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized clinical trial, brain imaging was obtained from infants …

The Impact Of Atlas Parcellation On Functional Connectivity Analysis Across Six Psychiatric Disorders, Xiaoya Wu, Chuang Liang, Juan Bustillo, Peter Kochunov, Xuyun Wen, Jing Sui, Rongtao Jiang, Xiao Yang, Zening Fu, Daoqiang Zhang, Vince D Calhoun, Shile Qi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with altered functional connectivity (FC); however, the reported regional patterns of functional alterations suffered from low replicability and high variability. This is partly because of differences in the atlas and delineation techniques used to measure FC-related deficits within/across disorders. We systematically investigated the impact of the brain parcellation approach on the FC-based brain network analysis. We focused on identifying the replicable FCs using three structural brain atlases, including Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL), Brainnetome atlas (BNA) and HCP_MMP_1.0, and four functional brain parcellation approaches: Yeo-Networks (Yeo), Gordon parcel (Gordon) and two Schaefer parcelletions, among correlation, group difference, …

The Effect Of Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Factors On Limbic White Matter Microstructure, Anna Lorenz, Aditi Sathe, Dimitrios Zaras, Yisu Yang, Alaina Durant, Michael E Kim, Chenyu Gao, Nancy R Newlin, Karthik Ramadass, Praitayini Kanakaraj, Nazirah Mohd Khairi, Zhiyuan Li, Tianyuan Yao, Yuankai Huo, Logan Dumitrescu, Niranjana Shashikumar, Kimberly R Pechman, Trevor Bryan Jackson, Abigail W Workmeister, Shannon L Risacher, Lori L Beason-Held, Yang An, Konstantinos Arfanakis, Guray Erus, Christos Davatzikos, Mohamad Habes, Di Wang, Duygu Tosun, Arthur W Toga, Paul M Thompson, Elizabeth C Mormino, Panpan Zhang, Kurt Schilling, Marilyn Albert, Walter Kukull, Sarah A Biber, Bennett A Landman, Sterling C Johnson, Barbara Bendlin, Julie Schneider, Lisa L Barnes, David A Bennett, Angela L Jefferson, Susan M Resnick, Andrew J Saykin, Timothy J Hohman, Derek B Archer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: White matter (WM) microstructure is essential for brain function but deteriorates with age and in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Diffusion MRI, enhanced by advanced bi-tensor models accounting for free water (FW), enables in vivo quantification of WM microstructural differences.

Methods: To evaluate how AD genetic risk factors affect limbic WM microstructure - crucial for memory and early impacted in disease - we conducted linear regression analyses in a cohort of 2,614 non-Hispanic White aging adults (aged 50.12 to 100.85 years). The study evaluated 36 AD risk variants across 26 genes, the association between AD polygenic scores …

Pediatric Myeloid Neoplasms With Ubtf Tandem Duplications: Morphologic, Immunophenotypic, And Clinical Characterization, Mahsa Khanlari, Wei Wang, Yonghui Ni, Paul E Mead, Masayuki Umeda, Tami Westover, Jing Ma, Jeffrey E Rubnitz, Juan M Barajas, Stanley Pounds, Jeffery M Klco

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Tandem duplications (TDs) in exons of upstream binding transcription factor (UBTF-TD) are a rare recurrent alteration in pediatric and adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/neoplasm. Although recently identified, AML with UBTF-TD is now considered a distinct subtype of AML. To further our understanding of myeloid neoplasms with UBTF-TD, we analyzed clinical, morphologic, and immunophenotypic characteristics of 27 pediatric patients with UBTF-TD-positive myeloid neoplasm, including 21 diagnosed as AML and 6 as MDS. Our data demonstrated that UBTF-TD is frequently associated with cytopenia, hypercellular marrow with erythroid hyperplasia, and trilineage dysplasia. Blasts …

Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Fusion-Mediated Resistance To Egfr Tki In Egfr-Mutant Nsclc: A Multi-Center Analysis And Literature Review, Yang Xia, Kaiwen Wang, Jing Zhao, Zhaohui Arter, Yongchang Zhang, Jiaqi Zhou, Yuefei Lu, Liang Zeng, Robyn Du, Jennifer A Owens, Yasir Y Elamin, Carl M Gay, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Anne S Tsao, Charles Lu, Tina Cascone, Don L Gibbons, Jianjun Zhang, Olivia Chen, Kevin K S Mok, Misako Nagasaka, Wen Li, John V Heymach, Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou, Molly Li, Xiuning Le

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: Drug resistance remains a major clinical challenge in EGFR-mutant NSCLC tumors owing to pathway reactivation, pathway bypass, and pathway indifference resistance mechanisms to evade tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) suppression. Fusion of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as RET, ALK, and FGFR3, has been reported to mediate EGFR TKI resistance. Given the rarity of these fusions and the heterogeneous nature of the condition, no prospective clinical trials evaluated the incidence, safety, and therapeutic benefit of dual EGFR-RTK inhibition.

Methods: We queried clinical databases from multiple institutions to identify patients who had RTK fusions detected on next-generation sequencing testing results from …

Selected Social And Lifestyle Correlates Of Brain Health Markers: The Cross-Cohort Collaboration Consortium, Leslie Grasset, Joshua C Bis, Stefan Frenzel, Daniel Kojis, Jeannette Simino, Amber Yaqub, Alexa Beiser, Claudine Berr, Jan Bressler, Robin Bülow, Charles S Decarli, Alison E Fohner, Laura B Harrington, Catherine Helmer, M Arfan Ikram, Rozenn N Lemaitre, Oscar L Lopez, W T Longstreth, Julia Neitzel, Michelle C Odden, Priya Palta, Carsten O Schmidt, Rajesh Talluri, Meike W Vernooij, Henry Völzke, Trudy Voortman, Quest Whalen, Katharina Wittfeld, Hans J Grabe, Thomas H Mosley, Bruce M Psaty, Frank J Wolters, Sudha Seshadri, Carole Dufouil

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: To investigate the associations of education level, marital status, and physical activity with dementia risk and brain MRI markers.

Methods: Data from six community-based samples from the Cross-Cohort Collaboration Consortium were analyzed. Self-reported education level, marital status, and physical activity at age 60 to 75 years were harmonized. Subsamples of participants with brain MRI markers at time of exposure were selected. Associations with dementia risk and cross-sectional MRI markers were meta-analyzed.

Results: Higher education level was associated with lower dementia risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.59; 0.72 vs low level) but not significantly …

Efficacy And Safety Of Denileukin Diftitox-Cxdl, An Improved Purity Formulation Of Denileukin Diftitox, In Patients With Relapsed Or Refractory Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma, Francine M Foss, Youn H Kim, H Miles Prince, Oleg E Akilov, Christiane Querfeld, Lucia Seminario-Vidal, David C Fisher, Timothy M Kuzel, Costas K Yannakou, Larisa J Geskin, Tatyana Feldman, Lubomir Sokol, Pamela Blair Allen, Nam Hoang Dang, Fernando Cabanillas, Henry K Wong, Chean Eng Ooi, Dongyuan Xing, Nicholas Sauter, Preeti Singh, Myron Czuczman, Madeleine Duvic

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: Denileukin diftitox (DD)-cxdl is a fusion protein comprising diphtheria toxin fragments A and B and human interleukin-2. This phase III, multicenter, open-label, single-arm registrational trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of DD-cxdl in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).

Patients and methods: In the main study, which followed a dose-finding lead-in, DD-cxdl was administered intravenously daily (5 days; 9 µg/kg/d once daily) every 21 days for up to eight cycles. Patients in the primary efficacy analysis set (PEAS) were required to have stage IA-IIIB CTCL (mycosis fungoides and/or Sézary syndrome) and at least ≥one previous systemic therapy. …

Evaluation Of A Comprehensive Set Of Normal Tissue Complication Probability Models For Patients With Head And Neck Cancer In An International Cohort, Suzanne P M De Vette, Maria I Van Rijn-Dekker, Lisa Van Den Bosch, Kylie Keijzer, Hendrike Neh, Hung Chu, Yan Li, Mark L Frederiks, Hans Paul Van Der Laan, Jolien Heukelom, Peter Van Luijk, Arjen Van Der Schaaf, Roel J H M Steenbakkers, Nanna M Sijtsema, Katherine A Hutcheson, Clifton D Fuller, Johannes A Langendijk, Amy C Moreno, Lisanne V Van Dijk

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background/purpose: Normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models can be used to guide radiation therapy (RT) decisions by estimating side-effect risks pretreatment to minimize (late) side-effects. Recently, a comprehensive individual toxicity risk (CITOR) profile of NTCP models addressing common side-effects in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients was developed. This study investigates the generalizability of these models in an international setting, with different treatment approaches and side-effect assessments, promoting their integration into more widespread clinical practice.

Materials/methods: From a prospective registry study, 407 HNC patients were included who were treated with definitive RT with or without systemic therapy between 2015 and …

Cytokine Storms In Covid-19, Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis, And Car-T Therapy, James P Long, Rishab Prakash, Paul Edelkamp, Mark Knafl, Anath C Lionel, Ranjit Nair, Sairah Ahmed, Paolo Strati, Luis E Malpica Castillo, Ajlan Al-Zaki, Kelly Chien, Dai Chihara, Jason Westin, Fareed Khawaja, Loretta J Nastoupil, Victor Mulanovich, Andrew Futreal, Scott E Woodman, Naval G Daver, Christopher R Flowers, Sattva Neelapu, Joanna-Grace Manzano, Swaminathan P Iyer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Importance: Cytokine storm (CS) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome causing multiorgan dysfunction and high mortality, especially in patients with malignant hematologic neoplasms. Triggers include malignant neoplasm-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (MN-HLH), cytokine release syndrome from chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T CRS), and COVID-19, but the underlying mechanisms of inflammation and their impact on outcomes are poorly understood.

Objective: To delineate the inflammatory patterns characterizing different CS etiologies and their association with clinical outcomes.

Design, setting, and participants: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, between March 1, 2020, and November 20, 2022, using the …

Real-World Effectiveness Of Chemoimmunotherapy And Novel Therapies For Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Aggressive Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Loretta J Nastoupil, Clark R Andersen, Amy Ayers, Yucai Wang, Thomas M Habermann, Dai Chihara, Brad S Kahl, Brian K Link, Jean L Koff, Jonathon B Cohen, Peter Martin, Izidore S Lossos, Michele Stanchina, Sara Haddadi, Carla Casulo, Sabarish Ayyappan, Ruitao Lin, Ziyi Li, Melissa A Larson, Matthew J Maurer, Lynn Huynh, Chi Gao, Ramya Ramasubramanian, Mei Sheng Duh, Alex Mutebi, Tongsheng Wang, Monika Jun, Anthony Wang, Rajesh Kamalakar, Anupama Kalsekar, James R Cerhan, Christopher R Flowers

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: Clinical trials provide meaningful data regarding the safety and efficacy of novel therapies but there is often a lag between the time of new drug approval and information on posttreatment clinical outcomes in real-world practice. This study evaluated clinical outcomes in a large real-world population of patients with relapsed and/or refractory large B-cell lymphoma (r/r LBCL) treated with chemoimmunotherapy or novel therapies in second or later lines of therapy (2L+).

Materials and methods: Data from the Lymphoma Epidemiology of Outcomes (LEO) Consortium of Real-World Evidence (CReWE) cohort (1/1/2015-2/15/2023) were analyzed. Patients' demographic and clinical characteristics were described and response …

Age-Associated Proteins Explain The Role Of Medial Temporal Lobe Networks In Alzheimer’S Disease, Adam Turnbull, Yejin Kim, Kai Zhang, Xiaoqian Jiang, Zihuai He, Victor W Henderson, F Vankee Lin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The structural connectivity (SC) of the medial temporal lobe and its associated cortical anterior temporal and posterior medial networks (MTL-AT-PM) is linked to pathologies and memory decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, neuroimaging analyses cannot tell us how SC changes occur in AD at the molecular level and do not provide a means of intervening to slow/prevent pathology-related changes in MTL-AT-PM SC. The current study aimed to understand how and where AD-related changes occur within MTL-AT-PM using proteomics. We used a 4-step approach in 101 older adults from a local sample, aiming to understand how proteins and SC in combination …

Manual Therapy For Fibrosis-Related Late Effect Dysphagia In Head And Neck Cancer Survivors: The Mantle Nonrandomized Clinical Trial, Holly Mcmillan, Carla L Warneke, Sheila Buoy, Christine Porsche, Kiara Savage, Stephen Y Lai, Clifton D Fuller, Katherine A Hutcheson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Importance: Late radiation-associated dysphagia (RAD) after head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment is challenging and commonly treatment refractory, with fibrosis stiffening connective tissues and compressing peripheral nerve tracts, contributing to diminished strength and possibly denervation of swallowing muscles. Manual therapy (MT), while common for cancer-related pain and other indications, remains largely unstudied for fibrosis-related late RAD.

Objective: To determine the feasibility and safety of MT, estimate effect size and durability of MT for associated improvements in cervical range of motion (CROM), and examine functional outcomes after MT in survivors of HNC with fibrosis-related late RAD.

Design, setting, and participants: This …

Comparison Of Six Handheld Ultrasound Devices By Pediatric Point Of Care Ultrasound (Pocus) Experts, Stephanie K Leung, Ria Dancel, Riya N Soni, Ariadna Perez-Sanchez, Michael J Mader, Haitham Al-Wahab, Thomas W Conlon, Maria V Fraga, Javier J Lasa, Andrea Matho, Hannah Smith, Nilam J Soni

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) use is increasing among pediatric clinicians, but lack of access to ultrasound devices is a major barrier. The availability of pocket-sized handheld ultrasound devices ("handhelds") has improved access. However, no head-to-head comparative studies of handhelds in children have been performed to guide purchasing decisions.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study compared six handhelds: Butterfly iQ+™ (Butterfly Network Inc.), Clarius® (Clarius Mobile Health™), Kosmos™(EchoNous), TE Air™ (Mindray®), Vscan Air™ SL (General Electric), and Lumify™ (Philips Healthcare). Eight pediatric POCUS experts acquired views showing the abdominal right upper quadrant (RUQ), cardiac apical 4-chamber, and superficial neck and lung …

Long Term Results Of Venetoclax Combined With Flag-Ida Induction And Consolidation For Newly Diagnosed And Relapsed Or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Courtney D Dinardo, Wei-Ying Jen, Koichi Takahashi, Tapan M Kadia, Sanam Loghavi, Naval G Daver, Lianchun Xiao, Patrick K Reville, Ghayas C Issa, Nicholas J Short, Koji Sasaki, Sa A Wang, Jillian K Mullin, Sherry Pierce, Corey Bradley, Gautam Borthakur, Abhishek Maiti, Yesid Alvarado, Naveen Pemmaraju, Alessandra Ferrajoli, Mahesh Swaminathan, Maro Ohanian, Hussein A Abbas, Danielle Hammond, Jan Burger, Fadi Haddad, Guillermo Montalban-Bravo, Kelly Chien, Lucia Masarova, Musa Yilmaz, Nitin Jain, Michael Andreeff, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Steven Kornblau, Farhad Ravandi, Elias Jabbour, Marina Y Konopleva, Hagop M Kantarjian

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Intensive chemotherapy remains the standard for newly diagnosed (ND) acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, relapse risk remains high. Additionally, most patients with relapsed/refractory (RR) AML have poor outcomes. We report the long-term experience of 138 patients, 77 ND and 61 RR, treated with FLAG-IDA in combination with venetoclax. In the ND cohort, the overall response rate (ORR) was 97%, with a composite complete remission (CRc) rate of 95% and undetectable measurable residual disease (MRD) status by flow cytometry in 90%. The 3-year OS and EFS rates were 66 and 64%, respectively. Outcomes were similar across European LeukemiaNet (ELN) 2022 risk …

Evaluating The Human Abuse Potential Of Concurrent Use Of Electronic Cigarettes And Low Nicotine Cigarettes Among Adults Who Smoke, Jason D Robinson, Yong Cui, George Kypriotakis, Jeffrey M Engelmann, Maher Karam-Hage, Jennifer A Minnix, Charles E Green, Sanjay Shete, Dorothy K Hatsukami, Eric C Donny, Sharon E Murphy, Stephen S Hecht, Thomas Eissenberg, David W Wetter, Paul M Cinciripini

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has stated its intention to reduce the nicotine content of combustible cigarettes to render them less addictive. This study evaluated the impact of providing adults who smoke with both very low nicotine content cigarettes (VLNCCs) and electronic cigarettes (ECs) of varying nicotine content on measures of human abuse potential. Participants (

Genomic Analysis Of 11,555 Probands Identifies 60 Dominant Congenital Heart Disease Genes, Michael C Sierant, Sheng Chih Jin, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of infant mortality. We analyzed de novo mutations (DNMs) and very rare transmitted/unphased damaging variants in 248 prespecified genes in 11,555 CHD probands. The results identified 60 genes with a significant burden of heterozygous damaging variants. Variants in these genes accounted for CHD in 10.1% of probands with similar contributions from de novo and transmitted variants in parent-offspring trios that showed incomplete penetrance. DNMs in these genes accounted for 58% of the signal from DNMs. Thirty-three genes were linked to a single CHD subtype while 12 genes were associated with 2 to …

Patient- And Community-Level Characteristics Associated With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination, Diya Surie, Jennie H Kwon, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: In 2023, the first respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines were recommended for US adults 60 years or older, but few data are available about which patients were most likely to receive vaccine to inform future RSV vaccine outreach efforts.

OBJECTIVE: To assess patient- and community-level characteristics associated with RSV vaccine receipt and patient knowledge and attitudes related to RSV disease and RSV vaccines.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: During the first season of RSV vaccine use from October 1, 2023, to April 30, 2024, adults 60 years or older hospitalized with RSV-negative acute respiratory illness were enrolled in this cross-sectional …

Hypertension Diagnosis And Management In Bamako, Mali, Issiaka Camara, Mohamed Traore, Mamoudou Maiga, Dike Ojji, Jane Holl, Souleymane Coulibaly, Mark D Huffman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PROBLEM: The capacity and site readiness for delivering hypertension management services in Mali were unknown, hindering the effective implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) HEARTS technical package for cardiovascular disease management.

APPROACH: We selected one tertiary and two secondary hospitals to be assessed. From December 2021 to January 2022, hospital cardiologists collected data on indicators of capacity and site readiness using an adapted version of the WHO service availability and readiness assessment questionnaire. The study team verified the collected data through site inspection and review of administrative documents.

LOCAL SETTING: Mali, a low-income country with a population of 22 …

Dynamic Femoral Head Coverage Following Periacetabular Osteotomy For Developmental Dysplasia Of The Hip, Christina A Bourantas, Emma C Behrman, Molly C Shepherd, Keith R Lohse, John C Clohisy, Michael D Harris

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Developmental dysplasia of the hip reduces hip stability due to insufficient femoral head coverage. Periacetabular osteotomy surgery aims to increase this coverage. Typically measured using radiographs, most coverage assessments are limited to static hip positions and cannot capture 3D anatomy. This study quantified how dynamic 3D femoral coverage changes during gait and squat after periacetabular osteotomy surgery and compared dynamic coverage to static measures.

METHODS: Pre- and post-surgery CT scans from 38 patients with hip dysplasia were used to reconstruct 3D femur and pelvis bones with which gait and squat were simulated. Models of 38 control subjects were also …

Factors Associated With Shock At Presentation In Kawasaki Disease Versus Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children Associated With Covid-19, Supriya S Jain, William B Orr, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: While clinical overlap between Kawasaki disease (KD) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has been evident, information regarding those presenting with shock has been limited. We sought to determine associations with shock within and between diagnosis groups.

METHODS: The International KD Registry enrolled contemporaneous patients with either KD or MIS-C from 39 sites in 7 countries from January 1, 2020, to January 1, 2023. Demographics, clinical features and presentation, management, laboratory values, and outcomes were compared between the diagnosis and shock groups.

RESULTS: Shock at presentation was noted for 19 of 672 KD patients (2.8%) and 653 of …

Quantitative And Visual Benefits Of Data-Driven Motion Correction On Oncologic Pet/Ct: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study, Semra Ince, M Allan Thomas, Malak Itani, Christopher Swingle, Richard Laforest, Adeel Haq, Genevieve Muñoz, Saeed Ashrafinia, Paul Schleyer, Richard L Wahl, Tyler J Fraum

2020-Current year OA Pubs

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Conventional positron emission tomography (PET) respiratory gating utilizes a fraction of acquired PET counts (i.e., optimal gate [OG]), whereas elastic motion correction with deblurring (EMCD) utilizes all PET counts to reconstruct motion-corrected images without increasing image noise. Our aim was to assess the quantitative and visual impacts of EMCD-based motion correction on FDG-PET and DOTATATE-PET images relative to OG and ungated (UG) images.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective, single-center study enrolled adults undergoing FDG or DOTATATE oncologic PET/CT between June 2020 and October 2022. Subjects underwent a standard-of-care (SOC) PET acquisition while wearing a respiratory gating belt. …

Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Of Kaposi Sarcoma, Daniel A. Rauch, Paula Valiño Ramos, Mariam Khanfar, John Harding, Ancy Joseph, Anam Fahad, Paul Simonson, Isabel Risch, Obi Griffith, Malachi Griffith, Lee Ratner

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is a complex tumor caused by KS-associated herpesvirus 8 (KSHV). Histological analysis reveals a mixture of "spindle cells", vascular-like spaces, extravasated erythrocytes, and immune cells. In order to elucidate the infected and uninfected cell types in KS tumors, we examined twenty-five skin and blood samples from sixteen subjects by single cell RNA sequence analyses. Two populations of KSHV-infected cells were identified, one of which represented a CD34-negative proliferative fraction of endothelial cells, and the second representing CD34-positive cells expressing endothelial genes found in a variety of cell types including high endothelial venules, fenestrated capillaries, and endothelial tip …

Self-Collected Vaginal Specimens For Hpv Testing: Recommendations From The Enduring Consensus Cervical Cancer Screening And Management Guidelines Committee, Nicolas Wentzensen, L. Stewart Massad, Megan A. Clarke, Francisco Garcia, Robert Smith, Jeanne Murphy, Richard Guido, Ana Reyes, Sarah Phillips, Nancy Berman, Jeffrey Quinlan, Eileen Lind, Rebecca B. Perkins, Enduring Consensus Cervical Cancer Screening And Management Guidelines Committee

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: The Enduring Consensus Cervical Cancer Screening and Management Guidelines Committee developed recommendations for the use of self-collected vaginal specimens for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in health care settings.

METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed, external systematic reviews were evaluated, and HPV genotype agreement between self-collected vaginal and clinician-collected cervical specimens was summarized. Recommendations considered available data, public comments, and expert consensus. Recommendations were ratified through a vote by the Consensus Stakeholder Group.

RESULTS: Clinician-collected cervical specimens are preferred and self-collected vaginal specimens are acceptable for primary HPV screening of asymptomatic average-risk individuals. Repeat testing in 3 years is …

Systemic Inflammation Is Associated With Worse Outcomes From Sars-Cov-2 Infection But Not Neutralizing Antibody, Christopher W Farnsworth, Brittany Roemmich, John Prostko, Gerard Davis, Gillian Murtagh, Laurel Jackson, Christopher Jacobson, Nicolette Jeanblanc, Timothy Griffiths, Edwin Frias, David J Daghfal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Systemic inflammation is associated with COVID-19 mortality rates, but the impact of inflammation on neutralizing antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and on outcomes is poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the association between neutralizing antibody responses, inflammation, and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Two hundred and eight patients presenting to the ED with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 were included. Neutralization was assessed using the architect angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) binding inhibition assay, and inflammation was assessed using C reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Medical records were examined for 30-day mortality and 10-day intubation. Correlation …

Management Aspects Of Medical Therapy In Graves Disease, Rutu Shah, Samantha E Adamson, Sina Jasim

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Graves disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Treatment options include antithyroid drugs (ATDs), radioactive iodine, and surgery. In this review, we focus on the medical aspects of managing GD.

METHODS: The authors conducted a literature review of PubMed to include studies and review articles on GD management, ATDs, long-term safety of antithyroid drugs, hyperthyroidism in pregnancy, Graves ophthalmopathy, and special circumstances related to hyperthyroidism.

RESULTS: In adjunction to ATDs, medical management for GD also includes beta-blockers, glucocorticoids, and iodine containing agents. ATDs are currently the preferred option for initial management of GD, reflecting a shift in …

Sexually Dimorphic Cardiovascular Impacts Of Prenatal Exposure To A Real-Life Environmental Chemical Mixture In Adult Offspring, Noor Muhammad Khan, Victoria Scott, Mohammad Ghasemzadeh-Hasankolaei, Vasantha Padmanabhan, Arpita Vyas, Neil P Evans, Michelle Bellingham

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death that is sexually dimorphic. This study used an ovine model to investigate whether maternal exposure to an environmental chemical (EC) mixture (biosolids) prior to and throughout pregnancy, affected offspring cardiovascular (CV) structure and function in adulthood. CV function of male and female offspring from ewes grazed on either conventionally fertilised (control, C) or biosolids-treated pasture (B) was assessed. Males exhibited higher blood pressure compared to females with no significant effect of EC exposure. Heart rate variability in females suggested reduced autonomic regulation in the B group. EC-exposed males, but not females, …

Methylomic Signature Of Current Cannabis Use In Two First-Episode Psychosis Cohorts, Emma L Dempster, Emma C Johnson, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The rising prevalence and legalisation of cannabis worldwide have underscored the need for a comprehensive understanding of its biological impact, particularly on mental health. Epigenetic mechanisms, specifically DNA methylation, have gained increasing recognition as vital factors in the interplay between risk factors and mental health. This study aimed to explore the effects of current cannabis use and high-potency cannabis on DNA methylation in two independent cohorts of individuals experiencing first-episode psychosis (FEP) compared to control subjects. The combined sample consisted of 682 participants (188 current cannabis users and 494 never users). DNA methylation profiles were generated on blood-derived DNA samples …

Association Between Anticoagulant-Related Bleeding And Mortality In Patients With Hematological Malignancies And Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism, Tzu-Fei Wang, Suhong Luo, Brian F Gage, Martin W Schoen, Amber Afzal, Kenneth Carson, Su-Hsin Chang, Amir Mahmoud, Kristen M Sanfilippo

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Patients with hematological malignancies are at an increased risk of severe bleeding. Anticoagulant (AC) therapy further increases this risk. Mortality after these bleeds is unclear and may differ by bleeding site. Aim To evaluate the association between bleeding and mortality in patients with hematological malignancies prescribed AC therapy for cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE).

METHODS: In a nationwide cohort of US Veterans (2012-2020), we identified patients with hematological malignancies and cancer-associated VTE prescribed AC therapy. Bleeding events were identified by a previously validated algorithm using hospitalization International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes. Within 12 months of AC therapy initiation, we …