Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Effects Of An Evidence-Based Food Allergy Management Plan To Keep Children With Food Allergies Safe At School, Scarlet R. Spain

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

The prevalence of food allergies in children has increased 18% between 1997 and 2007 (CDC, 2013). Furthermore, 84% of food allergic children will experience a reaction at school (Powers, Bergren, & Finnegan, 2007). An exposure in a sensitive child may progress quickly into potentially life threatening symptoms and death if not treated. The purpose of this evidence based practice (EBP) project was to determine if implementation of a food allergy management policy in a school setting reduced overall incidence rates of food allergy reactions in school children and to examine compliance to policy guidelines. The project encompassed implementation of a …

The Reproducibility And Absolute Values Of Echocardiographic Measurements Of Left Ventricular Size And Function In Children Are Algorithm Dependent., Renee Margossian, Shan Chen, Lynn A. Sleeper, Lloyd Y. Tani, Girish S. Shirali, Fraser Golding, Elif Seda Selamet Tierney, Karen Altmann, Michael J. Campbell, Anita Szwast, Angela Sharkey, Elizabeth Radojewski, Steven D. Colan, Pediatric Heart Network Investigators

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Several quantification algorithms for measuring left ventricular (LV) size and function are used in clinical and research settings. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of measurement algorithm and beat averaging on the reproducibility of measurements of the left ventricle and to assess the magnitude of agreement among the algorithms in children with dilated cardiomyopathy.

METHODS: Echocardiograms were obtained in 169 children from eight clinical centers. Inter- and intrareader reproducibility was assessed on measurements of LV volumes using the biplane Simpson, modified Simpson, and 5/6 × area × length (5/6AL) algorithms. Percentage error was calculated as …

Oseltamivir-Warfarin Interaction In Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Case Report And Review., Jonathan B. Wagner, Susan M. Abdel-Rahman

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

An 8-year-old boy with hypoplastic left heart syndrome with a previous history of thrombosis within the inferior vena cava receiving stable warfarin dosing for anticoagulation was diagnosed with influenza B. He was subsequently placed on oseltamivir therapy according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention clinical practice guidelines. During the hospitalization, his international normalized ratio steadily increased to supratherapeutic levels and returned to baseline after discontinuation of oseltamivir therapy. This case represents a drug-drug interaction that has not been previously reported in children or adolescents. An extensive review of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic literature did not uncover a definitive …

Psychosocial Determinants Of Physical Activity In Children Attending Afterschool Programs : A Path Analysis., Jiying Ling, Lorraine B. Robbins, Valerie L. Mccarthy, Barbara J. Speck

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Background: Physical activity (PA) is important for controlling childhood obesity, but a comprehensive PA model for school-aged children is lacking.

Objectives: Guided by the youth PA promotion (YPAP) model, this study estimated the direct and indirect effects of self-efficacy, enjoyment, parental influence, and environment on self-reported PA and pedometer steps. A secondary purpose was to explore the association between self-reported PA and pedometer steps.

Methods: An observational and prospective study was conducted among 133 children, aged 8–11 years old, from 10 elementary schools with afterschool programs in a Midwestern U.S. school district from August through October 2013. …

Point-Of-Care Ultrasonography By Pediatric Emergency Medicine Physicians., Jennifer R. Marin, Resa E. Lewiss, American Academy Of Pediatrics, Committee On Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Society For Academic Emergency Medicine, Academy Of Emergency Ultrasound, American College Of Emergency Physicians, Pediatric Emergency Medicine Committee, World Interactive Network Focused On Critical Ultrasound, Gregory P. Conners

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Emergency physicians have used point-of-care ultrasonography since the 1990 s. Pediatric emergency medicine physicians have more recently adopted this technology. Point-of-care ultrasonography is used for various scenarios, particularly the evaluation of soft tissue infections or blunt abdominal trauma and procedural guidance. To date, there are no published statements from national organizations specifically for pediatric emergency physicians describing the incorporation of point-of-care ultrasonography into their practice. This document outlines how pediatric emergency departments may establish a formal point-of-care ultrasonography program. This task includes appointing leaders with expertise in point-of-care ultrasonography, effectively training and credentialing physicians in the department, and providing ongoing …

Point-Of-Care Ultrasonography By Pediatric Emergency Medicine Physicians, American Academy Of Pediatrics, Committee On Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Society For Academic Emergency Medicine,Academy Of Emergency Ultrasound, American College Of Emergency Physicians, Pediatric Emergency Medicine Committee, World Interactive Network Focused On Critical Ultrasound, Gregory P. Conners

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Point-of-care ultrasonography is increasingly being used to facilitate accurate abstract and timely diagnoses and to guide procedures. It is important for pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians caring for patients in the emergency department to receive adequate and continued point-of-care ultrasonography training for those indications used in their practice setting. Emergency departments should have credentialing and quality assurance programs. PEM fellowships should provide appropriate training to physician trainees. Hospitals should provide privileges to physicians who demonstrate competency in point-of-care ultrasonography. Ongoing research will provide the necessary measures to define the optimal training and competency assessment standards. Requirements for credentialing and hospital …

Clinical Outcomes Of Splenectomy In Children: Report Of The Splenectomy In Congenital Hemolytic Anemia Registry., Henry E. Rice, Brian R. Englum, Jennifer Rothman, Sarah Leonard, Audra Reiter, Courtney Thornburg, Mary Brindle, Nicola Wright, Matthew M. Heeney, Charles Smithers, Rebeccah L. Brown, Theodosia Kalfa, Jacob C. Langer, Michaela Cada, Keith T. Oldham, J Paul Scott, Shawn D. St Peter, Mukta Sharma, Andrew M. Davidoff, Kerri Nottage, Kathryn Bernabe, David B. Wilson, Sanjeev Dutta, Bertil Glader, Shelley E. Crary, Melvin S. Dassinger, Levette Dunbar, Saleem Islam, Manjusha Kumar, Fred Rescorla, Steve Bruch, Andrew Campbell, Mary Austin, Robert Sidonio, Martin L Blakely, Splenectomy In Congenital Hemolytic Anemia (Sicha) Consortium

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

The outcomes of children with congenital hemolytic anemia (CHA) undergoing total splenectomy (TS) or partial splenectomy (PS) remain unclear. In this study, we collected data from 100 children with CHA who underwent TS or PS from 2005 to 2013 at 16 sites in the Splenectomy in Congenital Hemolytic Anemia (SICHA) consortium using a patient registry. We analyzed demographics and baseline clinical status, operative details, and outcomes at 4, 24, and 52 weeks after surgery. Results were summarized as hematologic outcomes, short-term adverse events (AEs) (≤30 days after surgery), and long-term AEs (31-365 days after surgery). For children with hereditary spherocytosis, …

Scoliosis Related Information On The Internet In China: Can Patients Benefit From This Information?, Hongda Bao, Feng Zhu, Fei Wang, Zhen Liu, Mike H. Bao, Shouyu He, Zezhang Zhu, Yong Qiu

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: There has been an increasing popularity of searching health related information online in recent years. Despite that considerable amount of scoliosis patients have shown interest in obtaining scoliosis information through Internet, previous studies have demonstrated poor quality of online information. However, this conclusion may vary depending on region and culture. Since China has a restricted Internet access outside of its borders, the aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of scoliosis information available online using recognized scoring systems and to analyze the Internet as a source of health information in China.

Methods: A survey-based questionnaire was distributed …

Shbg Gene Polymorphism (Rs1799941) Associates With Metabolic Syndrome In Children And Adolescents, Marquitta J. White, Fatih Eren, Deniz Agirbasli, Scott M. Williams, Mehmet Agirbasli

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disorder characterized by coexistence of several cardiometabolic (CM) factors, i.e. hyperlipidemia, obesity, high blood pressure and insulin resistance. The presence of MetS is strongly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The syndrome was originally defined as an adult disorder, but MetS has become increasingly recognized in children and adolescents.

Methods: Genetic variants influence biological components common to the CM factors that comprise MetS. We investigated single locus associations between six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), previously shown to modulate lipid or sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels, with MetS in a Turkish …

Clinical Assessment Of The Infant And Child Following Perinatal Brachial Plexus Injury, Susan V. Duff, Carol Dematteo

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Introduction

After perinatal brachial plexus injury (PBPI), clinicians play an important role in injury classification as well as the assessment of recovery and secondary conditions. Early assessment guides the initial plan of care and influences follow-up and long-term outcome.

Purpose

To review methods used to assess, classify and monitor the extent and influence of PBPI with an emphasis on guidelines for clinicians.

Methods

We use The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) model to provide a guide to assessment after PBPI for rehabilitation clinicians.

Discussion

With information gained from targeted assessments, clinicians can design interventions to increase the …

Comparison Of Individual And Pooled Urine Samples For Estimating The Presence And Intensity Of Schistosoma Haematobium Infections At The Population Level, Abraham Degarege, Berhanu Erko, Zeleke Mekonnen, Mengistu Legesse, Yohannes Negash, Jozef Vercruysse, Bruno Levecke

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of cost-effective diagnostic strategies to evaluate whether mass drug administration (MDA) programmes to control Schistosoma haematobium progress as anticipated. The purpose of this study is to provide a proof-of-principle for examination of pooled urine samples as a strategy for rapid assessment of presence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infections at the population level.

METHODS: A total of 640 urine samples were collected from 520 school-aged children (520 at baseline and 120 at follow-up) during a clinical trial that was designed to assess the efficacy of praziquantel against Schistosoma haematobium infections in Ethiopia. Individual and pooled …

Stability Of Self-Referent Encoding Task Performance And Associations With Change In Depressive Symptoms From Early To Middle Childhood., Brandon L Goldstein, Elizabeth P Hayden, Daniel N Klein

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Depressed individuals exhibit memory biases on the self-referent encoding task (SRET), such that those with depression exhibit poorer recall of positive, and enhanced recall of negative, trait adjectives (referred to as positive and negative processing biases). However, it is unclear when SRET biases emerge, whether they are stable, and if biases predict, or are predicted by, depressive symptoms. To address this, a community sample of 434 children completed the SRET and a depressive symptoms measure at ages 6 and 9. Negative and positive processing exhibited low, but significant, stability. At ages 6 and 9, depressive symptoms correlated with higher negative, …

The Manual Ability Classification System: A Scoping Review, Deepa Jeevanantham, Emily Dyszuk, Doreen Bartlett

Physical Therapy Publications

PURPOSE: To examine the use of the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) and to identify gaps in the literature by conducting a thorough search of existing publications from 2006 to March 2013.

METHODS: An extensive literature search included 15 databases, using the search terms "Manual Ability Classification System" or "MACS" to retrieve relevant abstracts.

RESULTS: A total of 161 articles were identified for final inclusion. The review identified literature that supports the reliability, validity, and stability of the MACS.

CONCLUSIONS: The MACS could be considered as a standard classification for children with cerebral palsy on the basis of manual abilities. …

The Development And Application Of An Oncology Therapy-Related Symptom Checklist For Adults (Trsc) And Children (Trsc-C) And E-Health Applications., Arthur R Williams, David D Williams, Phoebe D Williams, Farrokh Alemi, Hosai Hesham, Blaine Donley, Raya Kheirbek

Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Studies found that treatment symptoms of concern to oncology/hematology patients were greatly under-identified in medical records. On average, 11.0 symptoms were reported of concern to patients compared to 1.5 symptoms identified in their medical records. A solution to this problem is use of an electronic symptom checklist that can be easily accessed by patients prior to clinical consultations.

PURPOSE: Describe the oncology Therapy-Related Symptom Checklists for Adults (TRSC) and Children (TRSC-C), which are validated bases for e-Health symptom documentation and management. The TRSC has 25 items/symptoms; the TRSC-C has 30 items/symptoms. These items capture up to 80% of the …

Genetic Modifiers Of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy And Dilated Cardiomyopathy., Andrea Barp, Luca Bello, Luisa Politano, Paola Melacini, Chiara Calore, Eric P. Hoffman, +16 Additional Authors

Genomics and Precision Medicine Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major complication and leading cause of death in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). DCM onset is variable, suggesting modifier effects of genetic or environmental factors. We aimed to determine if polymorphisms previously associated with age at loss of independent ambulation (LoA) in DMD (rs28357094 in the SPP1 promoter, rs10880 and the VTTT/IAAM haplotype in LTBP4) also modify DCM onset.

METHODS: A multicentric cohort of 178 DMD patients was genotyped by TaqMan assays. We performed a time-to-event analysis of DCM onset, with age as time variable, and finding of left ventricular ejection fraction < 50% and/or end diastolic volume > 70 mL/m2 as …

Undernutrition And Associated Risk Factors Among School Age Children In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Dawit Degarege, Abraham Degarege, Abebe Animut

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Causes of child undernutrition are diverse and change in space and time. Investigating current determinants of undernutrition remains vital to design an effective intervention strategy. The study assessed prevalence of undernutrition and its associated factors among children living in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

METHODS: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in 459 school age children and their parents or caregivers living in Lideta sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Participants were selected using a multi-stage simple random sampling technique. Height and weight of children was measured and their parents or care givers were interviewed for factors associated with undernutrition.

RESULTS: About …

Age-Related Factors Influencing The Occurrence Of Undernutrition In Northeastern Ethiopia, Abraham Degarege, Elifaged Hailemeskel, Berhanu Erko

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Undernutrition is a major public health problem on the globe particularly in the developing regions. The objective of the current study was to assess the prevalence of undernutrition in different age groups and examine the relationship of the disease to parasitic and socioeconomic factors among communities in Harbu Town, northeastern Ethiopia.

METHODS: Stool samples of the study participants were examined for intestinal helminth infections using the Kato-Katz method. Blood specimens were diagnosed for Plasmodium infection using CareStartTM Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test. The blood type was determined from blood samples using antisera A and antisera B. In addition, the height …

A School-Based Reintegration Program For Children With Limb Loss: The Role Of Occupational Therapy, Allison Sussman, Samantha Hoy

Occupational Therapy Capstones

Purpose: The purpose of this scholarly project was to assist in treatment planning for school-based occupational therapists providing services to children who have suffered a traumatic limb loss. The goal of this scholarly project was to promote successful reintegration into the school setting as children with traumatic limb loss have been found to encounter difficulties returning to full participation in valued occupations including being a student and a friend (Michelsen, Van Wijk, & Ketelaar, 2010). There has been limited research conducted focusing on the role of occupational therapists when working with children in the school setting who have experienced traumatic …

Evaluation Of Children Presenting To The Emergency Room After Electrical Injury, Aslihan Arasli Yilmaz, Ali̇ Osman Köksal, Osman Özdemi̇r, Mehtap Acar, Gülten Küçükkonyali, Yasemi̇n İnan, Si̇bel Çeli̇k, Mi̇ne Güveloğlu, Nesi̇be Andiran, Saci̇t Günbey

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: To evaluate children who presented to the Pediatric Emergency Department with electrical injury and to discuss the follow-up of these cases and potential precautions that can be taken. Materials and methods: A total of 36 patients presented to the Pediatric Emergency Department with electrical injury between May 2010 and May 2013, and these cases were investigated retrospectively. The patients? age and sex, location and form of exposure to electric current, seasonal distribution, length of hospital stay, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular system complications, renal damage, and treatments were recorded. Results: The majority of the patients were exposed to low-voltage electrical current …

Improving Maternal And Child Health In Bangladesh: The Integration Of Midwives In Conjunction With The United Nations Millenium Development Goals Initiative, Elizabeth Casto

International ResearchScape Journal

As the United Nations Millennium Development Goals initiative comes to a close, it is important to examine what has been effective in combating disparities in developing nations. In this paper I explore the impact midwives have on improving maternal and child health in Bangladesh by focusing on how the United Nations Millennium Development Goals initiative has helped to change societal views on women and birth as midwives become more integrated into improving maternal and child health. It is a quantitative and qualitative approach analyzing the statistics of implementing midwives as these impact cost-effectiveness and change in mortality rates in addition …

Achieving Pregnancy Safely In Hiv-Affected Individuals And Couples: An Important Strategy To Eliminate Hiv Transmission From Mother-To-Child And Between Sexual Partners, Mmeje Okeoma, Betty Njoroge, Craig Cohen, Marleen Temmerman, Sten H. Vermund, Sheryl Van Der Poel

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

HIV-infected individuals are living longer, more productive lives. HIV-affected individuals and couples experience personal and social desires to reproduce for all the same reasons as uninfected individuals and couples,1 and thus require safe reproductive options. HIV prevention interventions often do not consider the childbearing desires of HIV-affected individuals or couples, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Failure to assist women with desired fertility can contribute to continued HIV transmission and must be addressed within national elimination of mother-to-child transmission (eMTCT) strategies.

A human rights perspective suggests that HIV-affected couples* should have the same ability to choose if and when …

Targeted Mutational Profiling Of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Not Otherwise Specified Highlights New Mechanisms In A Heterogeneous Pathogenesis., J. H. Schatz, S. M. Horwitz, J. Teruya-Feldstein, Matthew A. Lunning, A. Viale, K. Huberman, N. D. Socci, N. Lailler, A. Heguy, I. Dolgalev, J. C. Migliacci, M. Pirun, M. L. Palomba, D. M. Weinstock, H-G Wendel

Journal Articles: Oncology and Hematology

No abstract provided.

Prevalence Of Schistosoma Haematobium Infection Among School-Age Children In Afar Area, Northeastern Ethiopia, Abraham Degarege, Zeleke Mekonnen, Bruno Levecke, Mengistu Legesse, Yohannes Negash, Jozef Vercruysse, Berhanu Erko

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

In this study, the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection was determined among school-age children living in the Middle and Lower Awash Valley, Afar Regional State of Ethiopia. Between February and May 2014, urine samples were collected from 885 school-age children (5-16 years of age) from the Middle (n = 632; 4 villages) and Lower (n = 253; 3 villages) Awash Valley. All samples were processed using urine filtration to detect and quantify S. haematobium eggs. In addition, a subset of the urine samples was tested for hematuria using a urine dipstick (n = 556). The overall prevalence was …

An After-School Wellness Program For Children In Low Socioeconomic Neighborhoods, Sarah Faehnrich, Kalee Mccann

Occupational Therapy Capstones

The purpose of this scholarly project was to develop an interdisciplinary after-school program for fifth graders living in low socioeconomic neighborhoods. This program entitled Let’s Move, Cook, and Learn With Friends! is intended to reduce obesity through promoting healthy habits in children by increasing physical activity, consumption of healthy food, and positive interactions with peers. Childhood obesity is a worldwide epidemic that can result in lifelong health problems if not treated proactively (Vizcaino et al., 2008). Therefore, the goal of this scholarly project is to raise their knowledge about obesity and decrease the risk factors for childhood obesity.

A literature …

Addressing Vehicle Safety For Children With Additional Emotional And Behavioral Needs, Madeline Aandal, Bailey Stotts

Occupational Therapy Capstones

Purpose: More than 148,000 children were injured in motor vehicle crashes in 2011 (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). Currently, while it is understood that transporting children with special needs likely to affect behaviors (SNLAB) provide safety challenges (Yonkman, Lawler, Talty, O’Neil, & Bull, 2013), there is little information regarding how to evaluate and intervene for this significant aspect of daily life. The purpose of this project was to develop an occupational therapy protocol for evaluation and intervention for car safety to be used by occupational therapists working with children who have emotional and behavioral needs.

Methodology: An extensive …

Best Practices For Improving Flow And Care Of Pediatric Patients In The Emergency Department., Isabel Barata, Kathleen M. Brown, Laura Fitzmaurice, Elizabeth Stone Griffin, Sally K. Snow, American College Of Emergency Physicians Pediatric Emergency Medicine Committee, Emergency Nurses Association Pediatric Committee, Gregory P. Conners, American Academy Of Pediatrics Committee On Pediatric Emergency Medicine

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

This report provides a summary of best practices for improving flow, reducing waiting times, and improving the quality of care of pediatric patients in the emergency department.

Patient- And Family-Centered Care Of Children In The Emergency Department., Nanette Dudley, Alice Ackerman, Kathleen M. Brown, Sally K. Snow, American Academy Of Pediatrics Committee On Pediatric Emergency Medicine, American College Of Emergency Physicians Pediatric Emergency Medicine Committee, Emergency Nurses Association Pediatric Committee., Gregory P. Conners

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Patient- and family-centered care is an approach to the planning, delivery, and evaluation of health care that is grounded in a mutually beneficial partnership among patients, families, and health care professionals. Providing patient- and family-centered care to children in the emergency department setting presents many opportunities and challenges. This revised technical report draws on previously published policy statements and reports, reviews the current literature, and describes the present state of practice and research regarding patient- and family-centered care for children in the emergency department setting as well as some of the complexities of providing such care.

Determinants Of Usage Of Age-Appropriate Child Safety Seats In Connecticut, Giuseppina Mendillo Violano

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In the United States, motor vehicle crashes are one of the leading causes of unintentional injury death and disability for children ages 1'15 years. Despite local, state, and federal legislative and educational efforts, children continue to be restrained improperly and thus face harm. Identifying behaviors and barriers that place child occupants at risk is crucial for implementing focused, injury-prevention programs and policies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Connecticut's child passenger safety law that was strengthened in 2005. This study involved a multifactorial approach to predicting child seat use, guided by Roger's diffusion of innovations …

Examining The Relationship Between Type And Extent Of After-School Care Use And High Bmi In Children Ages 5-17, Morgan E.B. Chojnacki

DNP Projects

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and after-school care use in school age children and adolescents in Kentucky. The specific aims of this study were to examine differences in BMI groups (high versus normal/low) by: a) type and b) extent of after-school care use.

Methods: Parents of children age 5-17 years were administered a 21-item survey which assessed the amount of time their children spent in specific types of after-school care. BMI of the child/adolescent participants were obtained at the time of the survey. High BMI was defined …

Mhealth: A Utilization Review By Feature Classification For Sustained Use, Elaine Dunn

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

mHealth is a fast growing segment for healthcare. However, there has been little research into the specific elements of mHealth that can drive continued use for optimization of the potential benefits. The purpose of this case study was to use the Delone and McLean Information System Model as a framework for classification of mHealth functionality and then to review the utilization of those categories over a six month period of time. A sample of 137 pediatric diabetics was reviewed. The activation rate was high at 94.9% indicating an interest in using mHealth. There was higher utilization of system features in …