Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Great Divide In Cancer Care Continues To Fail Aborigines, Georgina Kenyon

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

No abstract provided.

Chlorothalonil Exposure And Cancer Incidence Among Pesticideapplicator Participants In The Agricultural Health Study, Alicia M. Mozzachio, Jennifer A. Rusiecki, Jane A. Hoppin, Rajeev Mahajan, Rahulkumar Patel, Laura Beane-Freeman, Michael Cr Alavanja

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Background: Chlorothalonil is a broad spectrum, non-systemic fungicide widely used to control diseases affecting over 50 fruit, vegetable, and agricultural crops. Despite its extensive use for over 30 years, little is known about the potential human carcinogenicity associated with the routine application of chlorothalonil. Rodent studies have shown evidence of renal tubular carcinomas and adenomas. We explored cancer incidence with chlorothalonil exposure using data from the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina.
Methods: Licensed private and commercial pesticide applicators were recruited into this study from 1993 to 1997. Detailed information regarding …

Lung Cancer Incidence Among American Indians And Alaska Natives In The United States, 1999–2004, Anne Bliss, Nathaniel Cobb, Teshia Solomon, Kym Cravatt, Melissa A. Jim, Latisha Marshall, Janis Campbell

United States Public Health Resources

BACKGROUND. Lung cancer incidence rates among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) in the United States have not been described well, primarily because of race misclassification and, until the 1990s, incomplete coverage of their population by cancer registries. Smoking, the predominant cause of lung cancer, is particularly prevalent among this population.

METHODS. Data from the National Program of Cancer Registries and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program were combined to estimate age adjusted incidence rates of lung cancer during 1999 through 2004. Cases were linked to Indian Health Service (IHS) registration databases to identify AI/ANs whose race …

Methods For Improving Cancer Surveillance Data In American Indian And Alaska Native Populations, David K. Espey, Charles Wiggins, Melissa A. Jim, Barry A. Miller, Christopher J. Johnson, Tom M. Becker

United States Public Health Resources

BACKGROUND. The misclassification of race decreases the accuracy of cancer incidence data for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) in some central cancer registries. This article describes the data sources and methods that were used to address this misclassification and to produce the cancer statistics used by most of the articles in this supplement.

METHODS. Records from United States cancer registries were linked with Indian Health Service (IHS) records to identify AI/AN cases that were misclassified as non-AI/AN. Data were available from 47 registries that linked their data with IHS, met quality criteria, and agreed to participate. Analyses …

Prostate Cancer Incidence Among American Indian And Alaska Native Men, Us, 1999–2004, Jeffrey A. Henderson, David K. Espey, Melissa Jim, Robert R. German, Kate M. Shaw, Richard M. Hoffman

United States Public Health Resources

BACKGROUND. American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) men experience lower incidence of prostate cancer than other race/ethnic populations in the US, but racial misclassification of AI/AN men threatens the validity of these estimates. To the authors’ knowledge, little is known concerning prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in AI/AN men.

METHODS. The authors linked cancer registry data with Indian Health Service enrollment records to improve race classification. Analyses comparing cancer incidence rates and stage at diagnosis for AI/AN and non-Hispanic white (NHW) men for 6 geographic regions focused on counties known to have less race misclassification. The authors also used …

Cancer Among American Indians And Alaska Natives In The United States, 1999–2004, Charles Wiggins, David K. Espey, Phyllis A. Wingo, Judith S. Kaur, Robin Taylor Wilson, Judith Swan, Barry A. Miller, Melissa Jim, Janet J. Kelly, Anne P. Lanier

United States Public Health Resources

BACKGROUND. Cancer incidence rates vary among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations and often differ from rates among non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). However, the misclassification of race for AI/AN cancer cases in central cancer registries may have led to underestimates of the AI/AN cancer burden in previous reports.

METHODS. Cases diagnosed during 1999 through 2004 were identified from population- based cancer registries in the United States. Age-adjusted rates were calculated for the 25 most common sites for AI/ANs and NHWs. To minimize the misclassification of race, cancer registry records were linked with patient registration files from the Indian …

A Comparison Of Different Methods For Predicting Cancer Mortality Counts At The State Level, Corinne Wilson

Virginia Journal of Science

Cancer is a major health issue in the United States. Reliable estimates of yearly cancer mortality counts are essential for resourcing and planning. The American Cancer Society has used several methods of forecasting to estimate the future cancer burden and researchers are continually working to develop new methods with improved performance. There have been studies comparing different models for predicting the US cancer mortality counts. This study explores and compares several different models for cancer mortality count predictions at the state level, principally for the state of Virginia. Results of the comparisons appear to show the final improved model to …

Using Population-Based Cancer Registry Data To Assess The Burden Of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Cancers In The United States: Overview Of Methods, Meg Watson, Mona Saraiya, Faruque Ahmed, Cheryll J. Cardinez, Marsha E. Reichman, Hannah K. Weir, Thomas B. Richards

United States Public Health Resources

Increased attention to human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers in light of the recent release of an HPV vaccine, as well as increased availability of cancer registry data that now include reporting from a large proportion of the US population, prompted the current assessment of HPV-associated cancers. This article describes methods used to assess the burden of HPV-associated cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile, anal, and oral cavity/oropharyngeal cancers in the United States during 1998 through 2003 using cancer registry data, and it provides a brief overview of the epidemiology of these cancers.

Persistent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered to be …

The Efficacy Of Complementary Therapies In Reducing Cancer-Related Pain, Sarah A. Hocking

Student Works

Pain is a persistent and troubling condition for patients with cancer. Because medications often provide incomplete management of cancer-related pain, adjunct treatment may be necessary to provide more complete pain management. Complementary and alternative therapies are becoming increasingly prevalent in cancer pain management. However, lack of knowledge regarding the efficacy of complementary therapies may prevent patients and nurses from implementing them. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of literature on the efficacy of various complementary and alternative therapies for managing cancer-related pain, including massage, aromatherapy, hypnosis, and music therapy. Eighteen recent research articles related to this …

Pten Expression In Primary Prostate Carcinoma In Turkish Patients, Di̇lek Ertoy Baydar, Haluk Özen, Osman Saraçbaşi, Erdem Karabulut

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: Prostatic adenocarcinoma shows remarkable variability in the incidence and biological behavior between populations from different races and geographical regions of the world. PTEN has been reported as the most commonly mutated tumor suppressor gene in prostate cancer. Incidence of PTEN alterations occurring in prostatic carcinoma has not been studied previously in the Turkish population. Materials and Methods: We examined PTEN protein expression immunohistochemically and its significance in 69 primary prostate cancer patients from Turkey. Two tissue microarrays constructed by 0.6 mm cores from radical prostatectomy specimens were used. Clinical information for all patients was obtained from hospital records. Results: …

Living Past Your Expiration Date: A Phenomenological Study Of Living With Stage Iv Cancer Longer Than Expected, Cynthia Levine

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

More treatment options exist today for persons diagnosed with terminal cancerextending lives longer than expected though there is little known about the psychosocial needs or resources for these individuals. This study describes the experience of living past the expiration date and still living with Stage IV cancer. A transcendental phenomenological approach was used to elucidate vivid expressions of this experience in a sample population of five Caucasian women. The women survived beyond their prognoses of an earlier expiration are not close to imminent death and are still living with incurable breast cancer metastases. The aim of this phenomenological inquiry is …

Characterization Of The Anti-Angiogenic Properties Of Kdr-Ig4-7 And Its Variants As Potential Anti-Cancer Therapeutics, Jang Pyo Park

All Dissertations

Beginning with the development of an embryo and throughout one's adult life angiogenesis plays an essential role for organ growth and repair. The balancing of pro-angiogenic factors to anti-angiogenic factors is what regulates the process of angiogenesis. When this balance is disrupted in one direction or the other, numerous disorders can occur including ocular and inflammatory diseases and, in particular, tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, inhibition of angiogenesis has become an effective therapy for arresting the growth of tumors.
A key regulator of angiogenesis involves vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor, VEGFR-2 (KDR). The binding of VEGF to …

2006 Cancer Care Annual Report, Children's Mercy Hospital

Cancer Center Annual Reports

Annual report of cancer care and oncology services at the Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center. This report has a focus on tumors of the central nervous system.

Annual Report To The Nation On The Status Of Cancer, 1975–2004, Featuring Cancer In American Indians And Alaska Natives, David K. Espey, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Judith Swan, Charles Wiggins, Melissa A. Jim, Elizabeth Ward, Phyllis A. Wingo, Holly L. Howe, Lynn A. G. Ries, Barry A. Miller, Ahmedin Jemal, Faruque Ahmed, Nathaniel Cobb, Judith S. Kaur, Brenda K. Edwards

United States Public Health Resources

BACKGROUND. The American Cancer Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Cancer Institute, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries collaborate annually to provide updated information on cancer occurrence and trends in the U.S. The 2007 report features a comprehensive compilation of cancer information for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN).

METHODS. Cancer incidence data were available for up to 82% of the U.S. population. Cancer deaths were available for the entire U.S. population. Long-term (1975 through 2004) and fixed-interval (1995 through 2004) incidence and mortality trends were evaluated by annual percent change …

Annual Report To The Nation On The Status Of Cancer, 1975–2003, Featuring Cancer Among U.S. Hispanic/ Latino Populations, Holly L. Howe, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Lynn A. G. Ries, Vilma Cokkinides, Faruque Ahmed, Ahmedin Jemal, Barry A. Miller, Melanie Williams, Elizabeth Ward, Phyllis A. Wingo, Amelie Ramirez, Brenda K. Edwards

United States Public Health Resources

BACKGROUND. The American Cancer Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Cancer Institute, and North American Association of Central Cancer Registries collaborate annually to provide U.S. cancer information, this year featuring the first comprehensive compilation of cancer information for U.S. Latinos.

METHODS. Cancer incidence was obtained from 90% of the Hispanic/Latino and 82% of the U.S. populations. Cancer deaths were obtained for the entire U.S. population. Cancer screening, risk factor, incidence, and mortality data were compiled for Latino and non-Latino adults and children (incidence only). Long-term (1975– 2003) and fixed-interval (1995–2003) trends and comparative analyses by disease …

Integrative Medicine And Cancer: Treatment Strategies, Clinic Staff

Topics in Integrative Medicine

Presents a model and discussion of an integrative medicine approach to cancer which includes conventional treatment, diet, nutraceuticals, lifestyle factors, psychosocial-spiritual factors, and constitutional therapies.

The Use Of Fatty Acids In Malignancies, Clinic Staff

Topics in Integrative Medicine

Fatty acids have specific biological response modifier effects. These effects are discussed in relation to anti-inflammatory properties, and for the prevention and adjuvant treatment of cancer.

The Use Of Mushroom Preparations In Malignancies, Clinic Staff

Topics in Integrative Medicine

Medicinal mushrooms have been recommended for centuries in Asia. Specific types of mushrooms are presented, as well as evidence for their immunopotentiating effects and their use as adjuvant therapy for specific types of cancer.

Adverse Impact Of A History Of Violence For Women With Breast, Cervical, Endometrial, Or Overian Cancer, Susan C. Modesitt, Alisa C. Gambrell, Hope M. Cottrill, Lon R. Hays, Robert J. Walker, Brent J. Shelton, Carol E. Jordan, James E. Ferguson

Office for Policy Studies on Violence Against Women Publications

The experience of physical and sexual violence (victimization) is common among U.S. women and is associated with adverse health consequences. The study objectives were to estimate the prevalence of victimization in women with cancer and to examine associations with demographics, cancer screening, and cancer stage.

METHODS:

From 2004 to 2005, 101 women with breast, cervical, endometrial, or ovarian cancer were interviewed to collect demographics, cancer screening history, health care access/use, and violence history. Chisquare and Fisher exact tests were used test risk-factor associations. A multinomial logistic regression model was used for multivariable analysis.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of a history of …

Light During Darkness And Cancer: Relationships In Circadian Photoreception And Tumor Biology, Samar A. Jasser, David E. Blask, George C. Brainard

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

The relationship between circadian phototransduction and circadian-regulated processes is poorly understood. Melatonin, commonly a circadian phase marker, may play a direct role in a myriad of physiologic processes. The circadian rhythm for pineal melatonin secretion is regulated by the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Its neural source of light input is a unique subset of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells expressing melanopsin, the primary circadian photopigment in rodents and primates. Action spectra of melatonin suppression by light have shown that light in the 446–477 nm range, distinct from the visual system’s peak sensitivity, is optimal for stimulating the human circadian system. …

Iodine Uptake Restoration In Thyroid Cancer, Kenneth B. Ain, Gopalakrishnan Venkataraman

Internal Medicine Faculty Patents

A method of expressing a tumor specific therapeutic response element in a cancerous cell is disclosed in which the response element was previously blocked from expression. The method comprises the step of administering an unblocking agent to the cancerous cell harboring a gene encoding the response element, thereby resulting in the expression of the response element.

Pakistan - Country Profile Of Cancer And Cancer Control 1995-2004, Yasmin Bhurgri, Asif Bhurgri, Sania Nishter, Ashfaq Ahmed, Ahmed Usman, Shahid Pervez, Naila Kayani, Rashida Ahmed, Sheema H. Hassan, Ahmed Riaz, Hadi Bhurgri, Imtiaz Bashir

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.

The Inflammatory And Normal Transcriptome Of Mouse Bladder Detrusor And Mucosa, Marcia R. Saban, Helen L. Hellmich, Mary Turner, Ngoc-Bich Nguyen, Rajanikanth Vadigepalli, David W. Dyer, Robert E. Hurst, Michael Centola, Ricardo Saban

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Background

An organ such as the bladder consists of complex, interacting set of tissues and cells. Inflammation has been implicated in every major disease of the bladder, including cancer, interstitial cystitis, and infection. However, scanty is the information about individual detrusor and urothelium transcriptomes in response to inflammation. Here, we used suppression subtractive hybridizations (SSH) to determine bladder tissue- and disease-specific genes and transcriptional regulatory elements (TRE)s. Unique TREs and genes were assembled into putative networks.

Results

It was found that the control bladder mucosa presented regulatory elements driving genes such as myosin light chain phosphatase and calponin 1 that …

2005 Cancer Care Annual Report, Children's Mercy Hospital

Cancer Center Annual Reports

Annual report of cancer care and oncology services at the Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center, with a focus on neuroblastoma.

Colorectal Cancer In U.S. Adults Younger Than 50 Years Of Age, 1998--2001, Temeika L. Fairley, Cheryll J. Cardinez, Jim Martin, Linda Alley, Carol Friedman, Brenda K. Edwards, Patricia Jamison

United States Public Health Resources

BACKGROUND. Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates are increasing among persons younger than 50 years of age, a population routinely not screened unless an individual has a high risk of CRC. This population-based study focuses primarily on describing the CRC burden for persons in this age group.

METHODS. The data used for this study were derived from the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) surveillance systems. Age-adjusted incidence rates, rate ratios, and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

RESULTS. CRC is ranked among the top 10 cancers occurring in males …

Dual Regulation Of Telomerase Activity By Hsf1 And Its Role In Prostate Cancer Progression, Keith Douglas Ostergaard Jensen

Theses and Dissertations

It has been shown that the key components of the hsp90 chaperone complex, including hsp90, p23, hsp70, hsp40, and HOP (p60), associate with telomerase; however, their specific roles in telomerase function and tumor progression have not yet been defined. HSF1, the primary mammalian heat shock protein transcription factor, may affect telomerase activity and transformation by regulating the expression of several hsp90 chaperone complex proteins in response to stress as well as regulating the transcription of hTERT, the protein subunit of telomerase.In our in vitro model of prostate cancer progression, as cells progress from immortal but non-tumorigenic (P69) to tumorigenic (M2182) …

Cancer In Alaska Natives 1969-2003: 35-Year Report, C. Homan, J. Kelly, A. Lanier, J. Maxwell, T. Mcevoy

Native Health Database Full Text

Cancer incidence rates for all Alaska Natives (Eskimo, Indian, Aleut) were first reported in 1976. Since then numerous publications have documented the unusual cancer patterns in this population. These are the latest statistics for which there is complete data statewide, and provide the best estimates of cancer incidence in the Alaska Native population. Numbers of new (incident) cases and rates are given for all cancers and for specific sites. These numbers are presented by age, sex, ethnicity, geographic region, and service unit. Data have been collected, tabulated, and analyzed in accordance with procedures established by the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, …

Need For Cognition And Message Complexity In Motivating Fruit And Vegetable Intake Among Callers To The Cancer Information Service, Pamela Williams-Piehota, Judith Pizarro, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera, Linda Mowad, Peter Salovey

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

This field experiment examined the impact of an individual's need for cognition (NFC; the tendency to enjoy thinking deeply about issues), complex versus simple messages, and the interaction of NFC and message type on encouraging fruit and vegetable consumption. Callers to the Cancer Information Service of the National Cancer Institute (N = 517) were asked to participate in the experiment at the end of their call. Individual NFC was assessed, and participants were assigned randomly to receive a telephone message promoting fruit and vegetable consumption that was either complex and multifaceted or simple and straightforward. Similarly constructed brochures were mailed …

The Effect Of Silencing The Wilms' Tumor 1 Gene On The Radiation Sensitivity Of Glioblastoma Cells, Dana C. Chan

Theses and Dissertations

Glioblastomas are among the most devastating of human cancers with a median survival of only 9-12 months. This type of brain tumor is incurable, largely due its remarkable proliferative capacity and resistance to current treatments. High levels of the Wilms' Tumor 1 (WTI) gene have been identified in glioblastomas, suggesting an oncogenic function. Moreover, known WT1 target genes have been implicated in resistance to radiation. To determine the role of WT1 in radiation resistance, two glioblastoma cell lines expressing WT1 were treated with siRNAs to silence this gene. Confirmation of WT1 knockdown was achieved through real-time PCR and Western blot. …

Resistance Exercise In Men Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy For Prostate Cancer, Daniel A. Galvao

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This thesis encompasses two literature reviews (chapter 2 & 3) and two experimental chapters (4 and 5) examining the available literature on exercise and cancer, resistance training and its anabolic responses in older men and women, the side effects of Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer and finally, the role of resistance exercise as a clinical intervention to counteract such changes as an adjuvant therapy.