Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

High Prevalence Of Vaccine-Preventable Anal Human Papillomavirus Infections Is Associated With Hiv Infection Among Gay, Bisexual, And Men Who Have Sex With Men In Nairobi, Kenya, Myo Minn Oo, Samantha Moore, Suzanne Gibbons, Wendy Adhiambo, Peter Muthoga, Naomi Siele, Maureen Akolo, Henok Gebrebrhan, Aida Sivro, Blake T. Ball

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with anal cancers and is more prevalent in gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men (gbMSM), partly due to their vulnerability to HIV infection. Baseline HPV genotype distributions and risk factors can inform the design of next-generation HPV vaccines to prevent anal cancer.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among gbMSM receiving care at a HIV/STI clinic in Nairobi, Kenya. Anal swabs were genotyped using a Luminex microsphere array. Multiple logistic regression methods were used to identify risk factors for four HPV outcomes (any HPV, any HR-HPV, and 4- …

Still, We Thrive: Understanding How Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, And Other Men Who Have Sex With Men (Gbtmsm) Experience Structural Barriers & Facilitators To Wellness, Lucas Gergyek

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Historically and concurrently, structural violence has been a significant force influencing the sexual health and broader health of gay, bisexual, transgender and other men who have sex with men (GBTMSM). Yet to date, the majority of projects exploring the health inequities facing GBTMSM have focused on intrapsychic and behavioural factors as most related to poor health outcomes. As well, these studies are sometimes deficits focused, and fail to evaluate how GBTMSM continue to thrive, and maintain positive health. As a result, the ways in which systems and policies underlie and perpetuate health inequities facing GBTMSM have been somewhat obscured. Connectedly, …

A Scoping Review Of Alcohol, Tobacco, And Other Drug Use Treatment Interventions For Sexual And Gender Minority Populations, Jeremy D. Kidd, Margaret M. Paschen-Wolff, Amy A. Mericle, Billy A. Caceres, Laurie A. Drabble, Tonda L. Hughes

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Background
Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use are among the most prevalent and important health disparities affecting sexual and gender minority (SGM; e.g., lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) populations. Although numerous government agencies and health experts have called for substance use intervention studies to address these disparities, such studies continue to be relatively rare.
Method
We conducted a scoping review of prevention and drug treatment intervention studies for alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use that were conducted with SGM adults. We searched three databases to identify pertinent English-language, peer-reviewed articles published between 1985 and 2019.
Results
Our search yielded 71 articles. …

Protective Factors That Foster Resilience To Hiv/Aids: Insights And Lived Experiences Of Older Gay, Bisexual, And Other Men Who Have Sex With Men, Renato M. Liboro, Tammy C. Yates, Sherry Bell, Brandon Ranuschio, George Da Silva, Charles Fehr, Francisco Ibañez-Carrasco, Paul A. Shuper

Psychology Faculty Research

Since the beginning of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) have been disproportionately impacted by HIV/AIDS health disparities. Research showed that resilience to HIV/AIDS is associated with increased use of relevant health services, lower sexual health risks, and improved mental health outcomes among racially and ethnically diverse gbMSM. As the subpopulation that has historically been impacted by HIV/AIDS the longest, older gbMSM living with HIV/AIDS have inarguably exhibited resilience to HIV/AIDS the most. The qualitative study described in this paper sought to identify and examine protective factors that fostered resilience to HIV/AIDS …

Addressing Lgbtq Student Population Diversity In Nursing Education, Charlene Ramirez

Nursing Capstones

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) nursing students often find that there is little to no education on health issues that directly affect them. Nursing organizations in the United States have continually made the recommendation to nursing programs to implement LGBTQ health issues in their curriculum, but there has been little to no compliance. This can be attributed to the uncertainty of nurse educators in being competent to provide this education. A thorough literature review was conducted to research how nursing programs incorporate education on LGBTQ health issues into their curricula. By incorporating culturally appropriate education into the nursing …

Are Binge Drinking Disparities By Sexual Identity Lower In U.S. States With Nondiscrimination Statutes That Include Sexual Orientation?, Naomi Greene, Renee M. Johnson, Joanne Rosen, Danielle German, Joanna E. Cohen

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Purpose Studies examining binge drinking disparities by sexual identity focus on intra- and inter-personal minority stressors experienced by lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) populations. State-level statutes are powerful tools that can reduce health disparities. We examined how state-level nondiscrimination statutes that include sexual orientation as a protected ground (i.e., inclusive statutes) are associated with binge drinking disparities between LGB and straight adults. Methods We combined data from the 2015-2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), the Movement Advancement Project (MAP), and administrative data sources for information on binge drinking, sexual identity, nondiscrimination statutes, and individual and state-level factors. We included …

Attachment, Exploration, And Internalized Homonegativity, Gregory J. Gagnon

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Background: Internalized homonegativity (IH; a.k.a. internalized homophobia), has been implicated in health disparities between lesbian, gay, and bisexual persons (LGBs) and their heterosexual peers. Yet, little available research has explored factors that may increase or decrease IH.

Objective: This dissertation investigates relations between child and adult attachment and IH. It further examines the mediating and moderating roles of exploration and mentalization, respectively, in the attachment–IH relation.

Method: One hundred fifty cisgender LGB adults participated in two waves of an online survey. The first assessed recalled child–maternal and child–paternal attachment and current attachment to the romantic partner. The second, conducted two …

Sexual And Reproductive Health Outcomes In Women By Dimensions Of Sexual Orientation: An Examination Of 2011-2017 National Survey Of Family Growth Data, Lauren Porsch

Dissertations and Theses

Background: Sexual minority women experience disparities in sexual and reproductive health outcomes including higher rates of certain STIs, lower engagement in preventive sexual health behaviors, and higher rates of unintended pregnancy compared to their non sexual minority counterparts. Much prior research on sexual minority women’s health has been limited by incomplete or inconsistent definitions of sexual minority status, and has failed to consider sexual orientation branchedness as a risk factor.

Method: Using pooled National Survey of Family Growth data, survey cycles 2011-2013, 2013-2015, and 2015-2017, we performed bivariate and multivariable logistic and multinomial regression analyses to estimate the independent associations …

Insight Into Student Perceptions Of Lgbtqia+ Content Inclusion In Bsn Education, Kenny Sullivan, Jae Basiliere

Honors Projects

Previous research has indicated that LGBTQIA+ clients continue to receive discriminatory care from healthcare professionals. Undergraduate nursing students (n = 24) completed a survey inquiring about their perceptions of knowledge of this vulnerable population, their preparedness to provide care, and the education they received from their BSN program. Twenty-two students’ responses, 91.67%, indicate a need for further education on the provision of care to LGBTQIA+ patients. These students demonstrated discrepancies in their perceptions and the application of their knowledge. As such, nursing programs should begin to consider providing more thorough education on this vulnerable population to prepare student nurses with …

Same-Sex Sexual Coercion Among Women: The Impact Of Minority Stress On Perpetration And Victimization Experiences Of Women Of Diverse Sexual Identities, Allison Kirschbaum

Dissertations

The purpose of the current study was to investigate women’s experiences with same-sex sexual coercion perpetration and victimization. Specifically, I sought to explore the role that the stress of living as a sexual minority plays in these experiences as well as to determine whether the psychological variables of perceived powerlessness, psychological distress, social support, and alcohol use mediate the relationship between minority stress and perpetration and victimization experiences. Data were collected online from self-identified women and individuals assigned female at birth who reported experiencing genital sexual contact with another woman (N=339). Of the cisgender women in the sample, 31.6% reported …

Healthcare Satisfaction Of Sexual Minority Athletes In The Athletic Training Setting, Sarah Nance, Kristine Ensign

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Please enjoy Volume 5, Issue 1 of the JSMAHS. In this issue you will find Professional and under graduate research abstracts, case reports, and critically appraised topics.

Thank you for viewing this 5^th Annual OATA Special Edition.

Promoting Cultural Humility: Lgbtqia+ Education For Healthcare Providers, Lexi Robertson, Lauren Connelly

VCU Health Nursing

Abstract:

Purpose:

LGBTQIA+ patients experience devastating mental health and substance abuse disparities. While our organization has a broad non-discrimination statement that includes gender identity and sexual orientation, there is no guidance for how to best serve these patients. Evidence suggests training sessions are a successful means of increasing LGBTQIA+ cultural competency, with “Safe Zone” identified as being especially successful on college campuses. The Healthcare Equality Index also calls for education to demonstrate healthcare organizations’ commitment to LGBTQIA+ patients.

Intervention:

We developed an educational workshop - Safe Zone – with university psychologists. This workshop included interactive exercises that focused on increasing …

The Use Of A Video-Based Intervention To Motivate Gay And Bisexual Men On Prep To Use Condoms, Ethan Cardwell

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Based on need and available resources, gay and bisexual men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in the Castro neighborhood of San Francisco, California represent the target population for this intervention. Through funding by the Center for Disease Control the Strut Clinic in collaboration with the University of California Berkley is proposing a video-based intervention with the following SMART objectives.

Objective 1: Efficiently develop and integrate a video-based intervention in the Strut Clinic within the first six months of the funding cycle.

Objective 2: Sustain an increase of consistent condom use to 30% of participants and up to a 10% …

Other Tobacco Product Use Among Sexual Minority Young Adult Bar Patrons, Amanda Fallin-Bennett, Nadra E. Lisha, Pamela M. Ling

Nursing Faculty Publications

Introduction—Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals smoke at rates 1.5–2 times higher than the general population, but less is known about LGB consumption of other tobacco products (OTPs) and gender differences. OTP use among young adult LGB bar patrons and the relationship among past quit attempts, intention to quit, and binge drinking with OTP use was examined.

Methods—A cross-sectional survey of young adults (aged 18–26) in bars/nightclubs in seven U.S. cities between 2012 and 2014 (N=8,010; 1,101 LGB participants) was analyzed in 2016. Logistic regressions examined current use of five OTPs (cigarillos, electronic cigarettes, hookah, chewing tobacco, and …

A Mixed-Methods Study Of Sexual Assault In Lesbian, Gay, And Bisexual Adults In The U.S., Sasha Nichole Canan

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Background. Previous research finds that (1) lesbian and bisexual (LB) women as well as gay and bisexual (GB) men have higher rates of rape victimization compared to their heterosexual (H) peers and (2) perceived familial support reduces the impact of some of rape’s negative health outcomes in heterosexual victims. However, specific contextual factors regarding rape and assessment of familial support for LGB victims are severely lacking. Also, measurements of sexual assault victimization have yet to be validated in this population.

Methodology. The current study used a mixed-methods design that included two phases of data collection. Phase 1 was a national …

Improving Lgbt Cultural Competence In Senior Nursing Students, Hallie Orgel

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) health care is considered a national priority by The Institute of Medicine (IOM, 2011) and HealthyPeople 2020 (2013). The shortage of LGBT culturally competent health care providers is a top contributor to the oppression and discrimination affecting LGBT health (2013). The purpose of the evidence-based practice (EBP) project was to improve the cultural competence of nursing students by improving their knowledge, attitudes, and skills in working with the LBGT population. A multi-method intervention was provided to seniors in a baccalaureate program. The project took place at a private Midwestern university and utilized a pretest/post-test design. …

The First-Year University Experience For Sexual Minority Students: A Grounded Theory Exploration, Edward Alessi, Beth Sapiro, Sarilee Kahn, Shelley L. Craig

Department of Social Work and Child Advocacy Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

This exploratory study used grounded theory to understand the role of minority stress on the first-year experience of lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, and questioning emerging adults attending a university in the Northeastern part of the United States. Twenty-one lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, and questioning sophomores participated in focus groups asking them to reflect on their first year of university. Themes suggest that participants tackle multiple challenges simultaneously: the developmental task of increased independence and stressors specific to lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, and questioning adults such as encountering stigma. Furthermore, participants manifested resilience in response to minority stress. Participants joined campus …

What Are The Most Commonly Used Tools To Screen Depression In Hiv-Infected Gay And Bisexual Men?, Michael Isner

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Gay and bisexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) comprise a sizable, medically vulnerable population. Depression is the most commonly experienced mental health disorder affecting this group of people, lending itself to a host of risks associated with depression. As screening of depression in this population can be challenging, it is vital that clinicians have the best available tools and guidelines to detect depressive symptomology. This focused, comprehensive review of the literature examined current data describing the clinical instruments used to detect depressive symptoms in HIV-infected gay and bisexual men. The aim of this analysis was to seek out …

Delivering Culturally Competent Care To The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, And Transgender (Lgbt) Population, Evan M. Mcewing

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Projects

Purpose: To this day, the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities still experience negative health outcomes due to social stigma and discrimination. Additionally, nursing has lagged behind other health professions in the promotion of culturally competent care to members of this minority group. Several national authorities on LGBT health have proposed guidelines for providing such care to the LGBT population; however, many nursing schools are not integrating these recommendations into their curricula. Methods: Using these national guidelines, an educational program was developed for BSN students at a large south Florida university to improve competency in providing care for LGBT …

The Relationship Between Hispanics/Latino Men Who Have Sex With Men And Women Cultural Beliefs, Risk Behaviors And Self-Disclosure, Donnalee Maria Lawson-Williams

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among cultural/spiritual beliefs, risk behaviors, and disclosure among Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men and women (MSMW). Minority men who have sex with men are disproportionately affected by HIV, in particular MSM who are Hispanic/Latino or African American. Limited research is available on the link between Hispanic/Latino MSMW, their cultural/spiritual beliefs, risk behavior, and disclosure about risk behaviors to friends and family. The data were obtained from the SJS Project, which used survey methods to gather data on participants from all 50 states and Puerto Rico. Among the participants …

Evaluation Of Sexual Orientation Items In Population Health Surveys Among Canadians: A Mixed Methods Approach, Christoffer Dharma

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

A single item sexual orientation question has been asked in Statistics Canada health surveys to identify health inequalities in Canada. Using a mixed methods study with convenience sample of Canadians, we evaluated this question in comparison to a set of US questions that includes domains of sexual identity, behaviour and attraction. The single item question had an 85.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity in capturing sexual minorities from the broadest definition (n = 311). Chance-corrected agreements with sexual identity, 12 months and life time sexual behaviour were 0.89, 0.39 and 0.48 respectively. Both trans and cisgender people revealed that there were …

Attitudes To Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual And Transgender Parents Seeking Health Care For Their Children In Two Early Parenting Services In Australia, E Bennett, K Berry, T Emeto, L Shields

Nursing Papers and Journal Articles

Aim: to examine the attitudes to and knowledge and beliefs about homosexuality, of nurses and allied professionals in two early parenting services in Australia.

Background: Early parenting services employ nurses and allied professionals. Access and inclusion policies are important in community health and early childhood service settings. However, little is known about the perceptions of professionals who work within early parenting services in relation to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender families.

Design: This is the final in a series of studies and was undertaken in two early parenting services in two states in Australia using a cross-sectional design with …

Community Based Participatory Research: The Application And Lessons Learned From A Study With Lgb College Students, Caitlin M. Stover

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals are members of a vulnerable group where health disparities have been identified. To gain a better understanding of the LGB college student healthcare experience and its contribution to the healthcare disparities found in LGB population, a community based participatory research (CBPR) approach was used to fill the gap. This paper will outline the CBPR process with an emphasis on how the principle investigator applied the tenets of CBPR when working with a local LGB college community. Several lessons learned from the research process are also shared in this paper.

Homelessness As A Determinant Of Health Disparities Between Young Gay And Bisexual Males In Chicago, Jaclyn M. Shea, Douglas Bruce

DePaul Discoveries

There is limited research documenting health disparities between gay and bisexual males. This study aimed to examine the health behaviors and outcomes of young gay and bisexual males in Chicago, including substance use, mental health, and homelessness. Data was from a cross-sectional survey of 180 bisexual and gay males age 16-24. Bivariate results indicate that bisexual males experience higher rates of homelessness, daily marijuana use, depressive symptoms, lifetime gonorrhea and chlamydia. Logistic regression results reveal homelessness was significantly associated with marijuana use, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and depressive symptoms. Research on disparities within sexual minorities and homelessness are needed to better understand …

Sex And Sexual Orientation Disparities In Adverse Childhood Experiences And Early Age At Sexual Debut In The United States: Results From A Nationally Representative Sample, Monique J. Brown, Saba W. Masho, Robert A. Perera, Briana Mezuk, Steven A. Cohen

Family Medicine and Population Health Publications

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to early sexual debut, which has been found to be associated with multiple adverse health outcomes. Sexual minorities and men tend to have earlier sexual debut compared to heterosexual populations and women, respectively. However, studies examining the association between ACEs and early sexual debut among men and sexual minorities are lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the sex and sexual orientation disparities in the association between ACEs and age at sexual debut. Data were obtained from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Logistic and …

The Effects Of Buddhist Psychological Practices On The Mental Health And Social Attitudes Of Lesbian, Gay, And Bisexual People, Jessica Lynn Fritzges

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This non-experimental, quantitative study explored the effects of the Buddhist-derived practices of mindfulness and loving-kindness meditations on the wellness of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people. LGB people are at higher risk of mental illness and increased social isolation due to minority stress; Buddhist-derived mindfulness practices mediate these effects in other groups. Lazarus and Folkman's transactional model of stress and coping was the theoretical model explaining how positive cognitive appraisal induced by meditation can mediate effects of stress. This study examined whether mental health scores on the Emotional Symptoms Checklist (ESC), social attitudes measured on the Unjust World Views Scale, …

Exploring Health Care Access For Gay, Bisexual, And Other Men Who Have Sex With Men Living In Middlesex County, Ontario, Todd A. Coleman

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Published research suggests gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GB-MSM) present in health care with additional, distinct psychosocial and sexual health concerns compared to heterosexual men, emphasizing the importance of access to health care for these groups.

This exploratory thesis used data from the online survey (n=202) of the Health in Middlesex Men Matters (HiMMM) Project – a community-based study examining health care access for GB-MSM living in Middlesex County, Ontario. For each manuscript, blockwise modified Poisson regression models were fit sequentially with predisposing, enabling, and need variables, as theorized by the Behavioral Model of Health …

Experiences Of Biphobia, Anxiety, And Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Ontarian Bisexuals: A Cross-Sectional View Of Potential Moderators, Melissa A. Macleod

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The literature largely shows that bisexuals are at greater risk for poor mental health compared to heterosexual, gay, and lesbian people. This increased risk has been linked to the 'double' discrimination (e.g. biphobia) that bisexuals face from both the heterosexual and gay communities. This study used previously collected data (n=405) to examine the relationship between biphobia from these sources and two mental health outcomes: anxiety and posttraumatic stress (PTSD) symptoms. Community identification and involvement, positive bisexual identity, and volunteerism/advocacy/activism were tested as moderators. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the measure used for PTSD symptoms (PCL-C) did not perform well in …

Predicting Breast Cancer Screening Among African American Lesbians And Bisexual Women, Cheryl B. Fields

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In 2009, 713,220 new cases of cancer were diagnosed for women in the United States with more than a quarter million deaths. African American women and lesbians exhibit behavioral risk factors as well as diminished access to and utilization of breast cancer screening that reduces opportunities for early detection. This secondary analysis of a national convenience-based study examined screening compliance among 647 African American lesbian and bisexual women. Barriers to accessing screening represented the theoretical framework for this study. Bivariate chi square analysis was used to assess the association between independent variables: sociodemographic characteristics; participation in wellness activities; sexual orientation/gender …

Minority Stress And Health: Implications For Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, And Questioning (Lgbtq) Young People, Cathy Kelleher

Articles

Historically, the pathologisation of LGBTQ orientations shaped research and professional practice, while the impact of stigma was not considered. Within a minority stress conceptualisation however, stigma-related prejudice and discrimination experienced by LGBTQ people constitute chronically stressful events that can lead to negative health outcomes. Minority stress has been linked to psychological distress among gay men and lesbians and may contribute to elevated rates of distress frequently observed among LGBTQ youth. This study explored the impact of minority stress on psychological distress among LGBTQ youth in Ireland. Measures assessing three components of minority stress (sexual identity distress, stigma consciousness, and heterosexist …