Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Investigating The Delivery Of Health And Nutrition Interventions For Women And Children In Conflict Settings: A Collection Of Case Studies From The Branch Consortium, Anushka Ataullahjan, Michelle F. Gaffey, Samira Sami, Neha S. Singh, Hannah Tappis, Robert E. Black, Karl Blanchet, Ties Boerma, Ana Langer, Paul B. Spiegel, Ronald J. Waldman, Paul H. Wise, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Woman and Child Health

Globally, the number of people affected by conflict is the highest in history, and continues to steadily increase. There is currently a pressing need to better understand how to deliver critical health interventions to women and children affected by conflict. The compendium of articles presented in this Conflict and Health Collection brings together a range of case studies recently undertaken by the BRANCH Consortium (Bridging Research & Action in Conflict Settings for the Health of Women and Children). These case studies describe how humanitarian actors navigate and negotiate the multiple obstacles and forces that challenge the delivery of health and …

Decomposing Loss Aversion From Gaze Allocation And Pupil Dilation, Feng Sheng, Arjun Ramakrishnan, Darsol Seok, Wenjia Joyce Zhao, Samuel Thelaus, Puti Cen, Michael Louis Platt

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Loss-averse decisions, in which one avoids losses at the expense of gains, are highly prevalent. However, the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. The prevailing account highlights a valuation bias that overweighs losses relative to gains, but an alternative view stresses a response bias to avoid choices involving potential losses. Here we couple a computational process model with eye-tracking and pupillometry to develop a physiologically grounded framework for the decision process leading to accepting or rejecting gambles with equal odds of winning and losing money. Overall, loss-averse decisions were accompanied by preferential gaze toward losses and increased pupil dilation for accepting gambles. …

Consistency Of Ever Reported Risky And Sensitive Behaviors Among Early Adolescents In A Nationally Representative Longitudinal Study: Results From The First 2 Waves Of The Longitudinal Cohort Study Of The Filipino Child, 2016 To 2018, Nel Jason L. Haw

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: An ongoing cohort study on adolescents in the Philippines presents a unique opportunity to update current literature by measuring the level of reporting consistency on these behaviors and determine predictors of reporting inconsistency.

Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of the first 2 waves of the Longitudinal Cohort Study on the Filipino Child (LCSFC), a nationally representative cohort of Filipino adolescents throughout the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) implementation period, that is, age 10 in 2015 until age 24 in 2030, to measure the impact of SDG-oriented policies on the country’s future economic and health outcomes. This …

Vascular Risk Reduction In Obesity Through Reduced Granulocyte Burden And Improved Angiogenic Monocyte Content Following Bariatric Surgery., David A Hess, Justin Z Trac, Stephen A Glazer, Daniella C Terenzi, Adrian Quan, Hwee Teoh, Mohammed Al-Omran, Deepak L Bhatt, C David Mazer, Ori D Rotstein, Subodh Verma

Physiology and Pharmacology Publications

Bariatric surgery, in addition to the benefit of sustained weight loss, can also reduce cardiometabolic risk and mortality. Lifelong vessel maintenance is integral to the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Using aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, an intracellular detoxifying enzyme present at high levels within pro-vascular progenitor cells, we observed an association between chronic obesity and "regenerative cell exhaustion" (RCE), a pathology whereby chronic assault on circulating regenerative cell types can result in adverse inflammation and diminished vessel repair. We also describe that, at 3 months following bariatric surgery, systemic inflammatory burden was reduced and pro-angiogenic macrophage precursor content was improved in subjects …

Identification And Management Of Adolescent Alcohol Use: Screening And Motivational Interviewing, Kelsie L. Berger

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

Adolescent alcohol consumption is a serious health problem in the United States. Alcohol is the most widely used substance, and it continues to be the drug of choice for adolescents (CDC, 2018). Over 7 million adolescents and approximately 30 percent of high school students in the U.S. that admit to drinking more than a few sips of alcohol in the past 30 days (NIAAA, n.d.). Underage alcohol use can lead to many complications such as social, school, and legal problems, and when initiated early in life is associated with the development of alcohol use disorder (NIAAA, n.d.). The purpose of …

Age At Migration And The Risk Of Psychotic Disorders: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis., Kelly K. Anderson, Jordan Edwards

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing evidence on the association between age at migration and the risk of psychotic disorders.

METHODS: Observational studies were eligible for inclusion if they presented data on the association between age at migration and the risk of psychotic disorders among first-generation migrant groups. We used two random effects meta-analyses to pool effect estimates for each stratum of age at migration relative to (i) a native-born reference category and (ii) the youngest age stratum (0 to 2 years).

RESULTS: Ten studies met inclusion criteria, and five were included in the meta-analysis. …

The Effect Of Dance Movement Therapy On The Mood Of Hospitalized Psychiatric Adolescents, Amy Chiu

Nursing | Senior Theses

Mental illness in children has increased over all aspects throughout the years to right now (CDC, 2019). Many of these children do get treatment for these disorders but there are still a percent that do not receive any treatment or find effective ways to maintain non-pharmaceutical alternatives for mood stabilization. The alternative therapies that are introduced in hospital settings plays a role in allowing for alternative therapies to be apart of the treatment plan for patients. Dance Movement therapy (DMT) is an alternative therapy that uses movement to conduct change in patient’s emotions based on their own choices of movement …

An Interdisciplinary Study To Understand Treatment Seeking Behavior Among Female Survivors Of Anorexia Nervosa, Meaghan Victoria Tipton

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This study was done to examine what psychosocial factors influence treatment seeking behavior among female survivors of eating disorders. This study uses a mixed methods survey consisting of open-ended item questions regarding treatment experience and social environment, and close-ended items to measure constructs from the Health Belief Model. Fourteen participants were recruited for this study to retrospectively detail their experiences of treatment during their eating disorder. All fourteen participants identified as Caucasian, thirteen identified as female, one identified with other gender, each with a history of medically diagnosed anorexia nervosa. The mean of age of current participants was 29.46, and …

Network Meta-Analysis To Compare Venaseal With Other Superficial Venous Therapies For Chronic Venous Insufficiency., Raghu Kolluri, Janice Chung, Sue Kim, Nibir Nath, Bhoomika Bajaj Bhalla, Tarun Jain, Joseph Zygmunt, Alun Davies

Heart and Vascular Articles

OBJECTIVE: Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have compared different interventions for chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) management, but mixed comparison of these interventions is lacking. The aim of this network meta-analysis was to compare VenaSeal closure system (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minn) with endovenous laser ablation (EVLA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), mechanochemical ablation, sclerotherapy, and surgery for management of CVI to achieve anatomic success (complete closure of treated vein within 6 months after intervention) as the primary outcome and health-related quality of life (HRQoL; EuroQol-5 Dimension, Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire), Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS), pain scores, and adverse events as secondary outcomes.

METHODS: …

Late Effects Of Clubfoot Deformity In Adolescent And Young Adult Patients Whose Initial Treatment Was An Extensive Soft-Tissue Release: Topic Review And Clinical Case Series, Jeffrey E Johnson, Thomas A Fortney, Pamela C Luk, Sandra E Klein, Jeremy J Mccormick, Matthew B Dobbs, J Eric Gordon, Perry L Schoenecker

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Children with congenital clubfoot often have residual deformity, pain, and limited function in adolescence and young adulthood. These patients represent a heterogeneous group that often requires an individualized management strategy. This article reviews the available literature on this topic while proposing a descriptive classification system based on a review of patients at our institution who underwent surgery for problems related to previous clubfoot deformity during the period between January 1999 and January 2012. Seventy-two patients (93 feet) underwent surgical treatment for the late effects of clubfoot deformity at an average age of 13 years (range 9 to 19 years). All …

Three-Dimensional Facial Morphology In Cantú Syndrome, Helen I Roessler, Kathleen Shields, Dorothy K Grange, Nine V A M Knoers, Gijs Van Haaften, Peter Hammond, Mieke M Van Haelst

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Cantú syndrome (CS) was first described in 1982, and is caused by pathogenic variants in ABCC9 and KCNJ8 encoding regulatory and pore forming subunits of ATP-sensitive potassium (K

Predicting Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome And Renal Replacement Therapy In Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli-Infected Children., Ryan S Mckee, David Schnadower, Phillip I Tarr, Jianling Xie, Yaron Finkelstein, Neil Desai, Roni D Lane, Kelly R Bergmann, Ron L Kaplan, Selena Hariharan, Andrea T Cruz, Daniel M Cohen, Andrew Dixon, Sriram Ramgopal, Annie Rominger, Elizabeth C Powell, Jennifer Kilgar, Kenneth A Michelson, Darcy Beer, Martin Bitzan, Christopher M Pruitt, Kenneth Yen, Garth D Meckler, Amy C Plint, Stuart Bradin, Thomas J Abramo, Serge Gouin, April J Kam, Abigail Schuh, Fran Balamuth, Tracy E Hunley, John T Kanegaye, Nicholas E Jones, Usha Avva, Robert Porter, Daniel M Fein, Jeffrey P Louie, Stephen B Freedman

Paediatrics Publications

BACKGROUND: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections are leading causes of pediatric acute renal failure. Identifying hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) risk factors is needed to guide care.

METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, historical cohort study to identify features associated with development of HUS (primary outcome) and need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) (secondary outcome) in STEC-infected children without HUS at initial presentation. Children agedeligible.

RESULTS: Of 927 STEC-infected children, 41 (4.4%) had HUS at presentation; of the remaining 886, 126 (14.2%) developed HUS. Predictors (all shown as odds ratio [OR] with 95% confidence interval [CI]) of HUS included younger age …

Histologic Abnormalities Of The Ascending Aorta: Effects On Aortic Remodeling After Intracardiac Repair Of Tetralogy Of Fallot, Ujjwal Kumar Chowdhury, Lakshmi Kumari Sankhyan, Sheil Avneesh, Ruma Ray, Mani Kalaivani, Suruchi Hasija, Abhinavsingh Chauhan

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

We evaluated aortic tissue specimens from patients undergoing tetralogy of Fallot repair, to determine whether histologic abnormalities affect postsurgical aortic remodeling and other patient-related variables.

Using light microscopy, we studied full-thickness aortic wall tissue operatively excised from 118 consecutive patients undergoing intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot. We performed multiple linear regression analysis to identify independent predictors of change in aortic root dimensions, which we measured with echocardiography after repair and every 3 months thereafter.

Thirty histologically normal specimens were used as controls. Elastic fiber fragmentation was found in 74.6% of the abnormal specimens, mucoid extracellular matrix accumulation in 49.2%, …

The Moderating Effects Of Parenting Factors And Perceived Stress On African American Adolescent Weight Related Outcomes, Colby Kipp

Theses and Dissertations

African American adolescents experience a higher prevalence of obesity than nonminorities with approximately 40% being overweight or obese. Chronic stress, both among parents and adolescents, may be important to consider when assessing the factors that influence adolescent weight status. Baseline data were collected from one hundred forty eight African American adolescents (M_age = 12.93, SD = 1.75; M_BMI% = 96.7, SD = 3.90) and their caregivers (M_age = 44.5, SD = 8.6; M_BMI = 37.63, SD = 8.21) enrolled in the Families Improving Together (FIT) for Weight Loss trial. Adolescents self-reported their perceptions of …

Laser Ablation Of Abnormal Neurological Tissue Using Robotic Neuroblate System (Laantern): Procedural Safety And Hospitalization, Robert C. Rennert, Usman Khan, Jiri Bartek, Stephen B. Tatter, Melvin Field, Brian Toyota, Peter E. Fecci, Kevin Judy, Alireza M. Mohammadi, Patrick Landazuri, Andrew E. Sloan, Albert H. Kim, Eric C. Leuthardt, Clark C. Chen

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Stereotactic laser ablation (SLA) has demonstrated potential utility for a spectrum of difficult to treat neurosurgical pathologies in multiple small and/or retrospective single-institutional series. Here, we present the safety profile of SLA of intracranial lesions from the Laser Ablation of Abnormal Neurological Tissue using Robotic NeuroBlate System (LAANTERN; Monteris Medical) multi-institutional, international prospective observational registry.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the procedural safety of SLA for intracranial lesions.

METHODS: Prospective procedural safety and hospitalization data from the first 100 treated LAANTERN patients was collected and analyzed.

RESULTS: Mean age and baseline Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) were 51(± 17) yr and 83(± …

Pain Squad+ Smartphone App To Support Real-Time Pain Treatment For Adolescents With Cancer: Protocol For A Randomised Controlled Trial., Lindsay Jibb, Paul C Nathan, Vicky Breakey, Conrad Fernandez, Donna Johnston, Victor Lewis, Sarah Mckillop, Serina Patel, Christine Sabapathy, Caron Strahlendorf, J Charles Victor, Myla E Moretti, Cynthia Nguyen, Amos Hundert, Celia Cassiani, Graziella El-Khechen Richandi, Hayley Insull, Rachel Hamilton, Geoffrey Fang, Susan Kuczynski, Jennifer Stinson

Paediatrics Publications

INTRODUCTION: Pain negatively affects the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of adolescents with cancer. The Pain Squad+ smartphone-based application (app), has been developed to provide adolescents with real-time pain self-management support. The app uses a validated pain assessment and personalised pain treatment advice with centralised decision support via a registered nurse to enable real-time pain treatment in all settings. The algorithm informing pain treatment advice is evidence-based and expert-vetted. This trial will longitudinally evaluate the impact of Pain Squad+, with or without the addition of nurse support, on adolescent health and cost outcomes.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This will be a …

Circulating Leptin Levels Are Associated With Adiposity In Survivors Of Childhood Brain Tumors., E Danielle Sims, William J. Jennings, Brianna Empringham, Adam Fleming, Carol Portwine, Donna L. Johnston, Shayna M. Zelcer, Shahrad Rod Rassekh, Sarah Burrow, Lehana Thabane, M Constantine Samaan

Paediatrics Publications

Survivors of Childhood Brain Tumors (SCBT) are at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes compared to the general population. Adiposity is an important risk factor for the development of these outcomes, and identifying biomarkers of adiposity may help the stratification of survivors based on their cardiovascular risk or allow for early screening and interventions to improve cardiometabolic outcomes. Leptin is an adipokine that positively correlates with the adipose mass in the general population and is a predictor of adverse cardiometabolic outcomes, yet its association with adiposity in SCBT has not been studied. The aim of …

Development Of An International Data Repository And Research Resource: The Prospective Studies Of Acute Child Trauma And Recovery (Pact/R) Data Archive, Nancy Kassam-Adams, Justin A. Kenardy, Douglas L. Delahanty, Meghan L. Marsac, Richard Meiser-Stedman, Reginald D. V. Nixon, Markus A. Landolt, Patrick A. Palmieri

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Background: Studies that identify children after acute trauma and prospectively track risk/protective factors and trauma responses over time are resource-intensive; small sample sizes often limit power and generalizability. The Prospective studies of Acute Child Trauma and Recovery (PACT/R) Data Archive was created to facilitate more robust integrative cross-study data analyses.

Objectives: To (a) describe creation of this research resource, including harmonization of key variables; (b) describe key study- and participant-level variables; and (c) examine retention to follow-up across studies.

Methods: For the first 30 studies in the Archive, we described study-level (design factors, retention rates) and participant-level …

Pornography: Adolescent Brain Development & Addiction, William K. Canady

National Youth Advocacy & Resilience Conference

This presentation will explain the historical development of pornography. It will highlight three segments: 1- Porn’s impact on brain development of reward pathways, ultimately increasing the appetite for more porn. 2- Porn can be a false substitute for real intimacy, resulting in decreased sexual satisfaction with a real person and increased verbal and physical aggression. 3- Porn promotes sex trafficking, promotes multiple sex partners and reduced STD prevention.

Adolescent Interventions To Manage Self-Regulation In Type 1 Diabetes (Aims-T1d): Randomized Control Trial Study Protocol., Alison L Miller, Sharon L Lo, Dana K. Albright Phd, Joyce M Lee, Christine M Hunter, Katherine W Bauer, Rosalind King, Katy M Clark, Kiren Chaudhry, Niko Kaciroti, Benjamin Katz, Emily M Fredericks

Health Services and Informatics Research

BACKGROUND: Self-regulation (SR), or the capacity to control one's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in order to achieve a desired goal, shapes health outcomes through many pathways, including supporting adherence to medical treatment regimens. Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is one specific condition that requires SR to ensure adherence to daily treatment regimens that can be arduous and effortful (e.g., monitoring blood glucose). Adolescents, in particular, have poor adherence to T1D treatment regimens, yet it is essential that they assume increased responsibility for managing their T1D as they approach young adulthood. Adolescence is also a time of rapid changes in SR capacity …

Error-Corrected Sequencing Strategies Enable Comprehensive Detection Of Leukemic Mutations Relevant For Diagnosis And Minimal Residual Disease Monitoring, Erin L Crowgey, Nitin Mahajan, Wing Hing Wong, Anilkumar Gopalakrishnapillai, Sonali P Barwe, E Anders Kolb, Todd E Druley

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Pediatric leukemias have a diverse genomic landscape associated with complex structural variants, including gene fusions, insertions and deletions, and single nucleotide variants. Routine karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques lack sensitivity for smaller genomic alternations. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays are being increasingly utilized for assessment of these various lesions. However, standard NGS lacks quantitative sensitivity for minimal residual disease (MRD) surveillance due to an inherently high error rate.

METHODS: Primary bone marrow samples from pediatric leukemia (n = 32) and adult leukemia subjects (n = 5), cell line MV4-11, and an umbilical cord sample were utilized for …

Predictors Of Bicuspid Aortic Valve-Associated Aortopathy In Childhood: A Report From The Mibava Consortium, Michael Grattan, Andrea Prince, Rawan K Rumman, Conall Morgan, Michele Petrovic, Amanda Hauck, Luciana Young, Anders Franco-Cereceda, Bart Loeys, Salah A Mohamed, Harry Dietz, Seema Mital, Chun-Po Steve Fan, Cedric Manlhiot, Gregor Andelfinger, Luc Mertens

Paediatrics Publications

BACKGROUND: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most prevalent congenital heart defect affecting 1% to 2% of the population. It is associated with ascending aorta dilatation. Valve morphology, aortic stenosis (AS), and aortic insufficiency (AI) have been proposed as potential risk factors; however, evaluating their role is difficult, as these factors are inherently related. The aim of this study was to determine whether BAV morphology and dysfunction are independent determinants for ascending aorta dilatation in pediatric patients.

METHODS: A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study of pediatric BAV patients followed since 2004 was performed. Imaging data were assessed for BAV morphology, severity …

Osteochondritis Dissecans In Pediatric Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis., Bradley C Jackson, Debra L Bartley, Roberta A Berard

Paediatrics Publications

No abstract provided.

Examining Measurement Reactivity In Daily Diary Data On Substance Use: Results From A Randomized Experiment, Anne Buu, Songshan Yang, Runze Li, Marc A Zimmerman, Rebecca M Cunningham, Maureen A Walton

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The debate about whether measurement reactivity exists in daily diary research on substance use is still unsettled due to the issues of study design and statistical methodology. This study proposes a time-varying effect model (TVEM) that characterizes the trajectory of substance use behaviors with nonparametric functions determined by the data rather than imposes presumed parametric functions. It also allows researchers to investigate the effect of measurement reactivity on not only the likelihood of using substances but also the amount of substance use. The TVEM was applied to analyze diary data on alcohol and marijuana use collected from an experiment, which …

Fibrin Clots Maintain The Viability And Proliferative Capacity Of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study, Ryan J Warth, Paul G Shupe, Xueqin Gao, Mohammad Syed, Walter R Lowe, Johnny Huard, Christopher D Harner

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Augmentation of soft-tissue repairs with an autologous fibrin clot has been used clinically for nearly four decades; however, fibrin clots tend to produce an abundance of scar tissue, which is known to inhibit soft-tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) embedded in fibrin clots before repair could reduce scar tissue deposition and facilitate soft-tissue regeneration. To our knowledge, no published studies have directly evaluated the viability or bioactivity of MSCs in fresh human fibrin clots over time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the viability and bioactivity of human MSCs inside human fibrin clots over time in nutritive …

Correction Of Respiratory Artifacts In Mri Head Motion Estimates, Damien A. Fair, Abraham Z. Snyder, Andrew N. Van, Jonathan M. Koller, Amy E. Mirro, Jacqueline M Hampton, Babatunde Adeyemo, Timothy O. Laumann, Deanna J. Greene, Deann M. Barch, Steven E. Petersen, Nico U. F. Dosenbach, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Head motion represents one of the greatest technical obstacles in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the human brain. Accurate detection of artifacts induced by head motion requires precise estimation of movement. However, head motion estimates may be corrupted by artifacts due to magnetic main field fluctuations generated by body motion. In the current report, we examine head motion estimation in multiband resting state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study and comparison 'single-shot' datasets. We show that respirations contaminate movement estimates in functional MRI and that respiration generates apparent head motion not associated …

Mail-Back Envelopes For Retrieval Of Opioids After Pediatric Surgery, Adam C Adler, Ammar N Yamani, Caitlin D Sutton, Danielle M Guffey, Arvind Chandrakantan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Opioid overprescription has the potential to lead to harmful medications remaining in homes and to a rise in accidental or deliberate ingestion by children and adolescents. Although methods for opioid disposal are available, many are costly or require greater than minimal effort for the patient. In this study, we used a mail-back return envelope to retrieve unused opioids after ambulatory pediatric surgery.

METHODS: This feasibility study was performed to assess the rate of opioid return by using a mail-back envelope for children ages 0 to 18 prescribed opioids after outpatient surgery. Participants were provided a return envelope as well …

Comparison Of Microneutralization And Histo-Blood Group Antigen-Blocking Assays For Functional Norovirus Antibody Detection, Robert L Atmar, Khalil Ettayebi, B Vijayalakshmi Ayyar, Frederick H Neill, Ralph P Braun, Sasirekha Ramani, Mary K Estes

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The development of an in vitro cultivation system for human noroviruses allows the measurement of neutralizing antibody levels.

METHODS: Serum neutralizing antibody levels were determined using a GII.4/Sydney/2012-like virus in human intestinal enteroids in samples collected before and 4 weeks after administration of an investigational norovirus vaccine and were compared with those measured in histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-blocking assays.

RESULTS: Neutralizing antibody seroresponses were observed in 71% of 24 vaccinated adults, and antibody levels were highly correlated (r = 0.82, P < .001) with those measured by HBGA blocking.

CONCLUSIONS: HBGA-blocking antibodies are a surrogate for neutralization in human noroviruses.

A Ten-Year Retrospective Evaluation Of Acute Flaccid Myelitis At 5 Pediatric Centers In The United States, 2005-2014., Margaret M. Cortese, Anita K. Kambhampati, Jennifer E. Schuster, Zaid Alhinai, Gary R. Nelson, Gloria J. Guzman Perez-Carrillo, Arastoo Vossough, Michael A. Smit, Robert C. Mckinstry, Timothy Zinkus, Kevin R. Moore, Jeffrey M. Rogg, Meghan S. Candee, James J. Sejvar, Sarah E. Hopkins

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a severe illness similar to paralytic poliomyelitis. It is unclear how frequently AFM occurred in U.S. children after poliovirus elimination. In 2014, an AFM cluster was identified in Colorado, prompting passive US surveillance that yielded 120 AFM cases of unconfirmed etiology. Subsequently, increased reports were received in 2016 and 2018. To help inform investigations on causality of the recent AFM outbreaks, our objective was to determine how frequently AFM had occurred before 2014, and if 2014 cases had different characteristics.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study covering 2005-2014 at 5 pediatric centers in 3 …

Association Of Time-Varying Blood Pressure With Chronic Kidney Disease Progression In Children., Ben Christopher Reynolds, Jennifer Lynn Roem, Derek Kai Sing Ng, Mina Matsuda-Abedini, Joseph Thomas Flynn, Susan Lynn Furth, Bradley A. Warady, Rulan Savita Parekh

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Importance: Optimal blood pressure (BP) management in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) slows progression to end-stage renal disease. Studies often base progression risk on a single baseline BP measurement, which may underestimate risk.

Objective: To determine whether time-varying BP measurements are associated with a higher risk of progression of CKD than baseline BP measurements.

Design, Setting, and Participants: The ongoing longitudinal, prospective cohort study Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKID) recruited children from January 19, 2005, through March 19, 2014, from pediatric nephrology centers across North America, with data collected at annual study visits. Participants included children aged 1 …