Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Cognitive And Academic Performance Of Rural Zambian Youth Exposed To Hiv, Sophie Jago, Joseph Mwaba Chirwa, Mei Tan, Philip E Thuma, Elena L Grigorenko

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Studies focusing on children affected by HIV have shown that they have generally lower academic performance, however, few studies separate children who are HIV exposed and infected (CHEI) and those who are HIV exposed but uninfected (CHEU). Importantly, in rural sub-Saharan Africa, the majority of studies on CHEI and CHEU examine academic performance indirectly based on cognitive test scores. Therefore, studies assessing the effects of HIV on academic achievement directly for CHEI and CHEU are needed. This article evaluates the effects of HIV-infection on cognitive and academic performance by comparing CHEI (n = 82) and CHEU (n = 1045) aged …

Clinical Characteristics, Impairment, And Psychiatric Morbidity In 102 Youth With Misophonia, Andrew G Guzick, Matti Cervin, Eleanor E A Smith, Jane Clinger, Isabel Draper, Wayne K Goodman, Marijn Lijffijt, Nicholas Murphy, Adam B Lewin, Sophie C Schneider, Eric A Storch

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: There is little information on the clinical presentation, functional impact, and psychiatric characteristics of misophonia in youth, an increasingly recognized syndrome characterized by high emotional reactivity to certain sounds and associated visual stimuli.

METHOD: One-hundred-two youth (8-17 years-old) with misophonia and their parents were recruited and compared with 94 youth with anxiety disorders. Participants completed validated assessments of misophonia severity, quality of life, as well as psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses.

RESULTS: The most common misophonia triggers included eating (96 %), breathing (84 %), throat sounds (66 %), and tapping (54 %). Annoyance/irritation, verbal aggression, avoidance behavior, and family impact …

Brain Ageing In Schizophrenia: Evidence From 26 International Cohorts Via The Enigma Schizophrenia Consortium, Constantinos Constantinides, Laura K M Han, Clara Alloza, Linda Antonella Antonucci, Celso Arango, Rosa Ayesa-Arriola, Nerisa Banaj, Alessandro Bertolino, Stefan Borgwardt, Jason Bruggemann, Juan Bustillo, Oleg Bykhovski, Vince Calhoun, Vaughan Carr, Stanley Catts, Young-Chul Chung, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja, Gary Donohoe, Stefan Du Plessis, Jesse Edmond, Stefan Ehrlich, Robin Emsley, Lisa T Eyler, Paola Fuentes-Claramonte, Foivos Georgiadis, Melissa Green, Amalia Guerrero-Pedraza, Minji Ha, Tim Hahn, Frans A Henskens, Laurena Holleran, Stephanie Homan, Philipp Homan, Neda Jahanshad, Joost Janssen, Ellen Ji, Stefan Kaiser, Vasily Kaleda, Minah Kim, Woo-Sung Kim, Matthias Kirschner, Peter Kochunov, Yoo Bin Kwak, Jun Soo Kwon, Irina Lebedeva, Jingyu Liu, Patricia Mitchie, Stijn Michielse, David Mothersill, Bryan Mowry, Víctor Ortiz-García De La Foz, Christos Pantelis, Giulio Pergola, Fabrizio Piras, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, Adrian Preda, Yann Quidé, Paul E Rasser, Kelly Rootes-Murdy, Raymond Salvador, Marina Sangiuliano, Salvador Sarró, Ulrich Schall, André Schmidt, Rodney J Scott, Pierluigi Selvaggi, Kang Sim, Antonin Skoch, Gianfranco Spalletta, Filip Spaniel, Sophia I Thomopoulos, David Tomecek, Alexander S Tomyshev, Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Therese Van Amelsvoort, Javier Vázquez-Bourgon, Daniela Vecchio, Aristotle Voineskos, Cynthia S Weickert, Thomas Weickert, Paul M Thompson, Lianne Schmaal, Theo G M Van Erp, Jessica Turner, James H Cole, Enigma Schizophrenia Consortium, Danai Dima, Esther Walton

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Schizophrenia (SZ) is associated with an increased risk of life-long cognitive impairments, age-related chronic disease, and premature mortality. We investigated evidence for advanced brain ageing in adult SZ patients, and whether this was associated with clinical characteristics in a prospective meta-analytic study conducted by the ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group. The study included data from 26 cohorts worldwide, with a total of 2803 SZ patients (mean age 34.2 years; range 18–72 years; 67% male) and 2598 healthy controls (mean age 33.8 years, range 18–73 years, 55% male). Brain-predicted age was individually estimated using a model trained on independent data based on …

Volume Of Subcortical Brain Regions In Social Anxiety Disorder: Mega-Analytic Results From 37 Samples In The Enigma-Anxiety Working Group, Nynke A Groenewold, Janna Marie Bas-Hoogendam, Alyssa R Amod, Max A Laansma, Laura S Van Velzen, Moji Aghajani, Kevin Hilbert, Hyuntaek Oh, Ramiro Salas, Andrea P Jackowski, Pedro M Pan, Giovanni A Salum, James R Blair, Karina S Blair, Joy Hirsch, Spiro P Pantazatos, Franklin R Schneier, Ardesheer Talati, Karin Roelofs, Inge Volman, Laura Blanco-Hinojo, Narcís Cardoner, Jesus Pujol, Katja Beesdo-Baum, Christopher R K Ching, Sophia I Thomopoulos, Andreas Jansen, Tilo Kircher, Axel Krug, Igor Nenadić, Frederike Stein, Udo Dannlowski, Dominik Grotegerd, Hannah Lemke, Susanne Meinert, Alexandra Winter, Michael Erb, Benjamin Kreifelts, Qiyong Gong, Su Lui, Fei Zhu, Benson Mwangi, Jair C Soares, Mon-Ju Wu, Ali Bayram, Mesut Canli, Raşit Tükel, P Michiel Westenberg, Alexandre Heeren, Henk R Cremers, David Hofmann, Thomas Straube, Alexander G G Doruyter, Christine Lochner, Jutta Peterburs, Marie-José Van Tol, Raquel E Gur, Antonia N Kaczkurkin, Bart Larsen, Theodore D Satterthwaite, Courtney A Filippi, Andrea L Gold, Anita Harrewijn, André Zugman, Robin Bülow, Hans J Grabe, Henry Völzke, Katharina Wittfeld, Joscha Böhnlein, Katharina Dohm, Harald Kugel, Elisabeth Schrammen, Peter Zwanzger, Elisabeth J Leehr, Lisa Sindermann, Tali M Ball, Gregory A Fonzo, Martin P Paulus, Alan Simmons, Murray B Stein, Heide Klumpp, K Luan Phan, Tomas Furmark, Kristoffer N T Månsson, Amirhossein Manzouri, Suzanne N Avery, Jennifer Urbano Blackford, Jacqueline A Clauss, Brandee Feola, Jennifer C Harper, Chad M Sylvester, Ulrike Lueken, Dick J Veltman, Anderson M Winkler, Neda Jahanshad, Daniel S Pine, Paul M Thompson, Dan J Stein, Nic J A Van Der Wee

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

There is limited convergence in neuroimaging investigations into volumes of subcortical brain regions in social anxiety disorder (SAD). The inconsistent findings may arise from variations in methodological approaches across studies, including sample selection based on age and clinical characteristics. The ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group initiated a global mega-analysis to determine whether differences in subcortical volumes can be detected in adults and adolescents with SAD relative to healthy controls. Volumetric data from 37 international samples with 1115 SAD patients and 2775 controls were obtained from ENIGMA-standardized protocols for image segmentation and quality assurance. Linear mixed-effects analyses were adjusted for comparisons across seven …

Hyperprogression Of Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma After Anti-Pd-1 Treatment, Yumei Gao, Simeng Hu, Ruoyan Li, Shanzhao Jin, Fengjie Liu, Xiangjun Liu, Yingyi Li, Yicen Yan, Weiping Liu, Jifang Gong, Shuxia Yang, Ping Tu, Lin Shen, Fan Bai, Yang Wang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND

Immune checkpoint blockade is an emerging treatment for T cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (T-NHL), but some patients with T-NHL have experienced hyperprogression with undetermined mechanisms upon anti–PD-1 therapy.

METHODS

Single-cell RNA-Seq, whole-genome sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, and functional assays were performed on primary malignant T cells from a patient with advanced cutaneous T cell lymphoma who experienced hyperprogression upon anti–PD-1 treatment.

RESULTS

The patient was enrolled in a clinical trial of anti–PD-1 therapy and experienced disease hyperprogression. Single-cell RNA-Seq revealed that PD-1 blockade elicited a remarkable activation and proliferation of the CD4+ malignant T cells, which showed functional PD-1 expression and …

Decision-Making Under Risk And Theory Of Mind In Adolescent Offenders In Provisional Deprivation Of Liberty, Rubens José Loureiro, Flavio Takemi Kataoka, Thiago Wendt Viola, Gisele Iesbich Vargas, Breno Sanvicente-Vieira, Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira, Bruno Kluwe-Schiavon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Delinquent behaviors are risky behaviors that increase during puberty and reach their highest peak in late adolescence. It has been proposed that poor decision-making and theory of mind (ToM) are key cognitive processes implicated with delinquency during adolescence, affecting evaluation of risks and impairing appreciation of social norms. Nevertheless, it is not yet clear whether adolescent offenders who are subjected to provisional deprivation of liberty due to conflict with the law (adolescents in conflict with the law [ACL]) might, in fact, present a specific profile with regard to these cognitive processes.

OBJECTIVES: To assess deliberative decision-making and ToM among …

Evaluation Of Bnt162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine In Children Younger Than 5 Years Of Age, Flor M Muñoz, Lawrence D Sher, Charu Sabharwal, Alejandra Gurtman, Xia Xu, Nicholas Kitchin, Stephen Lockhart, Robert Riesenberg, Joanna M Sexter, Hanna Czajka, Grant C Paulsen, Yvonne Maldonado, Emmanuel B Walter, Kawsar R Talaat, Janet A Englund, Uzma N Sarwar, Caitlin Hansen, Martha Iwamoto, Chris Webber, Luke Cunliffe, Benita Ukkonen, Silvina N Martínez, Barbara A Pahud, Iona Munjal, Joseph B Domachowske, Kena A Swanson, Hua Ma, Kenneth Koury, Susan Mather, Claire Lu, Jing Zou, Xuping Xie, Pei-Yong Shi, David Cooper, Özlem Türeci, Uğur Şahin, Kathrin U Jansen, William C Gruber, C4591007 Clinical Trial Group

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Safe and effective vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) are urgently needed in young children.

METHODS: We conducted a phase 1 dose-finding study and are conducting an ongoing phase 2-3 safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy trial of the BNT162b2 vaccine in healthy children 6 months to 11 years of age. We present results for children 6 months to less than 2 years of age and those 2 to 4 years of age through the data-cutoff dates (April 29, 2022, for safety and immunogenicity and June 17, 2022, for efficacy). In the phase 2-3 trial, participants were randomly assigned (in a …

Evaluation Of Bnt162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine In Children Younger Than 5 Years Of Age, Flor M Muñoz, Lawrence D Sher, Charu Sabharwal, Alejandra Gurtman, Xia Xu, Nicholas Kitchin, Stephen Lockhart, Robert Riesenberg, Joanna M Sexter, Hanna Czajka, Grant C Paulsen, Yvonne Maldonado, Emmanuel B Walter, Kawsar R Talaat, Janet A Englund, Uzma N Sarwar, Caitlin Hansen, Martha Iwamoto, Chris Webber, Luke Cunliffe, Benita Ukkonen, Silvina N Martínez, Barbara A Pahud, Iona Munjal, Joseph B Domachowske, Kena A Swanson, Hua Ma, Kenneth Koury, Susan Mather, Claire Lu, Jing Zou, Xuping Xie, Pei-Yong Shi, David Cooper, Özlem Türeci, Uğur Şahin, Kathrin U Jansen, William C Gruber

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Safe and effective vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) are urgently needed in young children.

METHODS: We conducted a phase 1 dose-finding study and are conducting an ongoing phase 2-3 safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy trial of the BNT162b2 vaccine in healthy children 6 months to 11 years of age. We present results for children 6 months to less than 2 years of age and those 2 to 4 years of age through the data-cutoff dates (April 29, 2022, for safety and immunogenicity and June 17, 2022, for efficacy). In the phase 2-3 trial, participants were randomly assigned (in a …

A Phase 1 Study To Evaluate The Safety, Pharmacology, And Feasibility Of Continuous Infusion Nelarabine In Patients With Relapsed And/Or Refractory Lymphoid Malignancies, Prajwal C Boddu, Jayastu Senapati, Farhad Ravandi-Kashani, Elias J Jabbour, Nitin Jain, Mary Ayres, Yuling Chen, Michael J Keating, Hagop M Kantarjian, Varsha Gandhi, Tapan M Kadia

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Nelarabine is a purine nucleoside analogue prodrug approved for the treatment of relapsed and refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R T-ALL) and lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL). Although effective in R/R T-ALL, significant neurotoxicity is dose-limiting and such neurotoxicity associated with nucleoside analogues can be related to dosing schedule.

Methods: The authors conducted a phase 1 study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of nelarabine administered as a continuous infusion (CI) for 5 days (120 hours), rather than the standard, short-infusion approach.

Results: Twenty-nine patients with R/R T-ALL/LBL or T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) were treated, with escalating doses of nelarabine from …

N-Of-1 Trials Vs Usual Care In Children With Hypertension: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial, Joyce P Samuel, Cynthia S Bell, Joshua A Samuels, Celin Rajan, Adrienne K Walton, Charles Green, Jon E Tyson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Blood pressure (BP) is often inadequately controlled in children treated for hypertension, and personalized (n-of-1) trials show promise for tailoring treatment choices. We assessed whether patients whose treatment choices are informed by an n-of-1 trial have improved BP control compared to usual care.

METHODS: A randomized clinical trial was conducted in a pediatric hypertension clinic in Houston from April 2018 to September 2020. Hypertensive adolescents and young adults 10-22 years old were randomized 1:1 to a strategy of n-of-1 trial using ambulatory BP monitoring to inform treatment choice or usual care, with treatment selected by physician preference. The primary …

Experiences Of Covid-19-Related Racism And Impact On Depression Trajectories Among Racially/Ethnically Minoritized Adolescents, Sabrina R. Liu, Elysia Poggi Davis, Anton M. Palma, Hal S. Stern, Curt A. Sandman, Laura M. Glynn

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Purpose

In 2020, racially/ethnically minoritized (REMD) youth faced the “dual pandemics” of COVID-19 and racism, both significant stressors with potential for adverse mental health effects. The current study tested whether short- and long-term trajectories of depressive symptoms from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic differed between REMD adolescents who did and did not endorse exposure to COVID-19-era-related racism (i.e., racism stemming from conditions created or exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic).

Methods

A community sample of 100 REMD adolescents enrolled in an ongoing longitudinal study of mental health was assessed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 51% girls, mean …

Phase Ib Study Of Telisotuzumab Vedotin In Combination With Erlotinib In Patients With C-Met Protein-Expressing Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer, D Ross Camidge, Fabrice Barlesi, Jonathan W Goldman, Daniel Morgensztern, Rebecca Heist, Everett Vokes, Alex Spira, Eric Angevin, Wu-Chou Su, David S Hong, John H Strickler, Monica Motwani, Martin Dunbar, Apurvasena Parikh, Elysa Noon, Vincent Blot, Jun Wu, Karen Kelly

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: Overexpression of c-Met protein and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations can co-occur in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), providing strong rationale for dual targeting. Telisotuzumab vedotin (Teliso-V), a first-in-class antibody-drug conjugate targeting c-Met, has shown a tolerable safety profile and antitumor activity as monotherapy. Herein, we report the results of a phase Ib study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02099058) evaluating Teliso-V plus erlotinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), in patients with c-Met-positive (+) NSCLC.

Patients and methods: This study evaluated Teliso-V (2.7 mg/kg once every 21 days) plus erlotinib (150 mg once daily) in adult patients (age …

Phase Ib Study Of Telisotuzumab Vedotin In Combination With Erlotinib In Patients With C-Met Protein-Expressing Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer, D Ross Camidge, Daniel Morgensztern, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Overexpression of c-Met protein and epidermal growth factor receptor (

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study evaluated Teliso-V (2.7 mg/kg once every 21 days) plus erlotinib (150 mg once daily) in adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) with c-Met+ NSCLC. Later enrollment required presence of an

RESULTS: As of January 2020, 42 patients were enrolled (N = 36 efficacy-evaluable). Neuropathies were the most common any-grade adverse events reported, with 24 of 42 patients (57%) experiencing at least one event. The pharmacokinetic profile of Teliso-V plus erlotinib was similar to Teliso-V monotherapy. Median PFS for all efficacy-evaluable patients was 5.9 months …

Transfusing Convalescent Plasma As Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Sars-Cov-2) Infection: A Double-Blinded, Phase 2 Randomized, Controlled Trial, Shmuel Shoham, Evan M Bloch, Arturo Casadevall, Daniel Hanley, Bryan Lau, Kelly Gebo, Edward Cachay, Seble G Kassaye, James H Paxton, Jonathan Gerber, Adam C Levine, Arash Naeim, Judith Currier, Bela Patel, Elizabeth S Allen, Shweta Anjan, Lawrence Appel, Sheriza Baksh, Paul W Blair, Anthony Bowen, Patrick Broderick, Christopher A Caputo, Valerie Cluzet, Marie Elena Cordisco, Daniel Cruser, Stephan Ehrhardt, Donald Forthal, Yuriko Fukuta, Amy L Gawad, Thomas Gniadek, Jean Hammel, Moises A Huaman, Douglas A Jabs, Anne Jedlicka, Nicky Karlen, Sabra Klein, Oliver Laeyendecker, Karen Lane, Nichol Mcbee, Barry Meisenberg, Christian Merlo, Giselle Mosnaim, Han-Sol Park, Andrew Pekosz, Joann Petrini, William Rausch, David M Shade, Janna R Shapiro, J Robinson Singleton, Catherine Sutcliffe, David L Thomas, Anusha Yarava, Martin Zand, Jonathan M Zenilman, Aaron A R Tobian, David J Sullivan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) convalescent plasma (CCP) for preventing infection in exposed, uninfected individuals is unknown. CCP might prevent infection when administered before symptoms or laboratory evidence of infection.

METHODS: This double-blinded, phase 2 randomized, controlled trial (RCT) compared the efficacy and safety of prophylactic high titer (≥1:320 by Euroimmun ELISA) CCP with standard plasma. Asymptomatic participants aged ≥18 years with close contact exposure to a person with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the previous 120 hours and negative SARS-CoV-2 test within 24 hours before transfusion were eligible. The primary outcome was …

Health Care Provider’S Perceptions Of The Transition Between Pediatric To Adolescent And Adulthood: A Qualitative Inquiry, Antoinette W. Coward, Andrea E. Mcdonald

The Journal of the Research Association of Minority Professors

This study examines the current practices provided from pediatric to adult health care for children with special health care needs at FQHCs using the Six Core Elements of Health Care. Methods: A phenomenological approach was used to recruit and interview ten (10) health leaders from FQHCs. The participants were recruited through this letter sent to the Mid-Atlantic Association of Community Health Center. The researchers-initiated contact with the key informant to introduce them to the study. After consent was obtained, demographic information collected, and interviews were scheduled. During the semi-structured interview session, the key informant was asked questions related to their …

Characteristics And International Enlightenment Of Adolescent Physical Literacy Cultivation In Wales, Han Meng, Zhihua Yin

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

School education has focused on the fields of students’ literacy instead of specific subjects. The cultivation of physical literacy (PL) is gaining more and more attention in western countries, but few studies on this topic were found in China. The purpose of this research was to unfold the experience of Welsh adolescent PL and to provide enlightenment to China. This study analyzed the cultivation of Welsh adolescents’ PL through literature, logical analysis, and semi-structured interviews with eleven experts. The constant comparative method was used to analyze interview transcripts for common themes. During analysis, triangulation, negative case checks, member checks, and …

Economic Evaluation Of An Intervention To Prevent Adolescent Dating Violence (Me & You), Ellerie Weber, Melissa F Peskin, Christine M Markham, Ross Shegog, Elizabeth R Baumler, Robert C Addy, Jeff R Temple, Belinda Hernandez, Paula Cuccaro, Melanie A Thiel, Efrat K Gabay, Susan Tortolero Emery

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Me & You: Building Healthy Relationships (Me & You) is a multilevel, technology-enhanced adolescent dating violence (DV) prevention program that aimed to reduce DV among ethnic-minority, early adolescent, urban youth. A group-randomized control trial of Me & You, conducted with 10 middle schools from a large urban school district in Southeast Texas in 2014–2015, found it to be effective in reducing DV perpetration and decreasing some forms of DV victimization. Economic evaluations of DV interventions are extremely limited, despite calls for more economic analyses to be incorporated in research. We help fill this gap by evaluating the cost-effectiveness from the …

Cross-Sectional And Prospective Associations Of Rest-Activity Rhythms With Body Mass Index In Older Men: A Novel Analysis Using Harmonic Hidden Markov Models, Brian Heckler, Miryoung Lee, Katie Stone, Cici Bauer, Qian Xiao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Growing evidence supports a role for rest-activity rhythms (RARs) in metabolic health. Epidemiological studies in adolescents and young adults showed that RAR characteristics consistent with weakened rhythmicity were associated with obesity. However, studies in older adults are lacking. The objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional and prospective associations between RAR and obesity in older men using the Harmonic Hidden Markov Model (HHMM), a novel analytical approach with several advantages over conventional methods for characterizing RAR. The analysis included nearly 3,000 participants in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men study with 5-day 24-h actigraphy data. The strength of RAR …

Economic Evaluation Of An Intervention To Prevent Adolescent Dating Violence (Me & You), Ellerie Weber, Melissa F Peskin, Christine M Markham, Ross Shegog, Elizabeth R Baumler, Robert C Addy, Jeff R Temple, Belinda Hernandez, Paula Cuccaro, Melanie A Thiel, Efrat K Gabay, Susan Tortolero Emery

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Me & You: Building Healthy Relationships (Me & You) is a multilevel, technology-enhanced adolescent dating violence (DV) prevention program that aimed to reduce DV among ethnic-minority, early adolescent, urban youth. A group-randomized control trial of Me & You, conducted with 10 middle schools from a large urban school district in Southeast Texas in 2014–2015, found it to be effective in reducing DV perpetration and decreasing some forms of DV victimization. Economic evaluations of DV interventions are extremely limited, despite calls for more economic analyses to be incorporated in research. We help fill this gap by evaluating the cost-effectiveness from the …

Public Health Measures And Sars-Cov-2 Cases In The Juvenile Justice System: Implications For Pandemic Response In The Detention Setting, Asha Davidson, Shelley Aggarwal, Mona Eissa, Laura Benjamins, John Will, Rebecca Beyda

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 case positivity in juvenile justice facilities of two different states alongside institutional, local, and state public health policies during the first 6 months of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

METHODS: This retrospective chart review examined two large, urban juvenile justice centers in California and Texas. Positive intake or day 12 tests were considered suggestive of community-acquired severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection. Researchers examined state and county restrictions, closings, and openings. The study included all of the youths 10 to 18 years residing in the facilities between March …

Prospective Evaluation Of The Fungitell® (1-->3) Beta-D-Glucan Assay As A Diagnostic Tool For Invasive Fungal Disease In Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Report From The Children’S Oncology Group, William R Otto, Christopher C Dvorak, Craig L K Boge, Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, Adam J Esbenshade, Michael L Nieder, Sarah Alexander, William J Steinbach, Ha Dang, Doojduen Villaluna, Lu Chen, Micah Skeens, Theoklis E Zaoutis, Lillian Sung, Brian T Fisher

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a major source of morbidity and mortality for hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. Non-invasive biomarkers, such as the beta-D-glucan assay, may improve the diagnosis of IFD. The objective was to define the utility of surveillance testing using Fungitell® beta-D-glucan (BDG) assay in children receiving antifungal prophylaxis in the immediate post-HCT period.

METHODS: Weekly surveillance blood testing with the Fungitell® BDG assay was performed during the early post-HCT period in the context of a randomized trial of children, adolescents, and young adults undergoing allogeneic HCT allocated to triazole or caspofungin prophylaxis. Positivity was defined at …

Circulation Of Rhinoviruses And/Or Enteroviruses In Pediatric Patients With Acute Respiratory Illness Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic In The Us., Danielle A. Rankin, Andrew J. Spieker, Ariana Perez, Anna L. Stahl, Herdi K. Rahman, Laura S. Stewart, Jennifer E. Schuster, Joana Y. Lively, Zaid Haddadin, Varvara Probst, Marian G. Michaels, John V. Williams, Julie A. Boom, Leila C. Sahni, Mary A. Staat, Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, Monica M. Mcneal, Christopher J. Harrison, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Peter G. Szilagyi, Janet A. Englund, Eileen J. Klein, Susan I. Gerber, Meredith Mcmorrow, Brian Rha, James D. Chappell, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Claire M. Midgley, Natasha B. Halasa, Nvsn Network Investigators

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

IMPORTANCE: Rhinoviruses and/or enteroviruses, which continued to circulate during the COVID-19 pandemic, are commonly detected in pediatric patients with acute respiratory illness (ARI). Yet detailed characterization of rhinovirus and/or enterovirus detection over time is limited, especially by age group and health care setting.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify and characterize rhinovirus and/or enterovirus detection before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among children and adolescents seeking medical care for ARI at emergency departments (EDs) or hospitals.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used data from the New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN), a multicenter, active, prospective surveillance platform, for pediatric patients who sought …

Prediction Of Suicide Attempts And Suicide-Related Events Among Adolescents Seen In Emergency Departments, David A Brent, Lisa M Horowitz, Jacqueline Grupp-Phelan, Jeffrey A Bridge, Robert Gibbons, Lauren S Chernick, Margaret Rea, Mary F Cwik, Rohit P Shenoi, Joel A Fein, E Melinda Mahabee-Gittens, Shilpa J Patel, Rakesh D Mistry, Susan Duffy, Marlene D Melzer-Lange, Alexander Rogers, Daniel M Cohen, Allison Keller, Robert W Hickey, Kent Page, T Charles Casper, Cheryl A King, Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (Pecarn)

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: Screening adolescents in emergency departments (EDs) for suicidal risk is a recommended strategy for suicide prevention. Comparing screening measures on predictive validity could guide ED clinicians in choosing a screening tool.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) instrument with the Computerized Adaptive Screen for Suicidal Youth (CASSY) instrument for the prediction of suicidal behavior among adolescents seen in EDs, across demographic and clinical strata.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Emergency Department Study for Teens at Risk for Suicide is a prospective, random-series, multicenter cohort study that recruited adolescents, oversampled for those with psychiatric symptoms, who presented to …

Remote Care Adoption In Underserved Congenital Heart Disease Patients During The Covid-19 Era, Ruth M Vaughan, Judson A Moore, Jasmine S Moreno, Karla J Dyer, Abiodun O Oluyomi, Keila N Lopez

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic restricted in-person appointments and prompted an increase in remote healthcare delivery. Our goal was to assess access to remote care for complex pediatric cardiology patients. We performed a retrospective chart review of Texas Children's Hospital (TCH) pediatric cardiology outpatient appointments from March 2020 to December 2020 for established congenital heart disease (CHD) patients 1 to 17 yo. Primary outcome variables were remote care use of telemedicine and patient portal activation. Primary predictor variables were age, sex, insurance, race/ethnicity, language, and location. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze patient demographics. Multivariate logistic regression determined associations with remote care …

Comparison Of Percentile Tables And Algorithm-Based Calculators For Classification Of Blood Pressures In Children And Adolescents With Obesity: A Secondary Analysis Of A Clinical Trial, William J Pitts, Tami L Cave, Alana Cavadino, Roman J Shypailo, Sarah E Maessen, Paul L Hofman, William Wong, Yvonne C Anderson

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

AIM: Obesity as a major risk factor for childhood hypertension necessitates careful blood pressure (BP) monitoring of those affected. This study aimed to compare BP classification in a cohort of children affected by obesity using tables versus digital calculations in two sets of guidelines.

METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of data collected from a randomised clinical trial of a multidisciplinary life-style assessment and intervention program. Baseline data from 237 children with a body mass index >99th percentile or >91st percentile with weight-related comorbidities and available BP measurements were analysed. We assessed agreement between tables and algorithms in classification …

Lumasiran For Advanced Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1: Phase 3 Illuminate-C Trial, Mini Michael, Jaap W Groothoff, Hadas Shasha-Lavsky, John C Lieske, Yaacov Frishberg, Eva Simkova, Anne-Laure Sellier-Leclerc, Arnaud Devresse, Fitsum Guebre-Egziabher, Sevcan A Bakkaloglu, Chebl Mourani, Rola Saqan, Richard Singer, Richard Willey, Bahru Habtemariam, John M Gansner, Ishir Bhan, Tracy Mcgregor, Daniella Magen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Rationale & objective: Lumasiran reduces urinary and plasma oxalate (POx) in patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) and relatively preserved kidney function. ILLUMINATE-C evaluates the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of lumasiran in patients with PH1 and advanced kidney disease.

Study design: Phase 3, open-label, single-arm trial.

Setting & participants: Multinational study; enrolled patients with PH1 of all ages, estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤45 mL/min/1.73 m2 (if age ≥12 months) or increased serum creatinine level (if age < 12 months), and POx ≥20 μmol/L at screening, including patients with or without systemic oxalosis.

Intervention: Lumasiran administered subcutaneously; 3 monthly doses followed by monthly or quarterly weight-based dosing.

Outcome: Primary end point: percent change in POx …

Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma Incidence And Survival In The United States: An Assessment Of 5656 Cases, 2001–2017, Matthew T Mcevoy, David A Siegel, Shifan Dai, Mehmet Fatih Okcu, Mark Zobeck, Rajkumar Venkatramani, Philip J Lupo

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: While rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents, past epidemiology studies of this malignancy used data that covered

METHODS: Incidence and survival were assessed for pediatric patients diagnosed with RMS during 2003-2017 and 2001-2016, respectively. Both demographic and clinical variables were evaluated. Age-adjusted incidence rates, average annual percent change (AAPC), and 5-year relative survival (RS) were calculated, all with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Cox regression models were used to evaluate the impact of demographic and clinical variables on survival.

RESULTS: We identified 5656 primary RMS cases in USCS during 2003-2017. The age-adjusted …

Expert Consensus Statement: Management Of Pediatric Persistent Obstructive Sleep Apnea After Adenotonsillectomy, Stacey L Ishman, Stephen Maturo, Seth Schwartz, Margo Mckenna, Cristina M Baldassari, Mathieu Bergeron, Boris Chernobilsky, Zarmina Ehsan, Lisa Gagnon, Yi-Chun Carol Liu, David F Smith, Jeffrey Stanley, Habib Zalzal, Nui Dhepyasuwan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: To develop an expert consensus statement regarding persistent pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) focused on quality improvement and clarification of controversies. Persistent OSA was defined as OSA after adenotonsillectomy or OSA after tonsillectomy when adenoids are not enlarged.

METHODS: An expert panel of clinicians, nominated by stakeholder organizations, used the published consensus statement methodology from the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery to develop statements for a target population of children aged 2-18 years. A medical librarian systematically searched the literature used as a basis for the clinical statements. A modified Delphi method was used to distill expert …

Effortful Control Moderates The Relation Between Negative Emotionality And Child Anxiety And Depressive Symptom Severity In Children With Anxiety Disorders, Elizabeth M Raines, Andres G Viana, Erika S Trent, Haley E Conroy, Karina Silva, Michael J Zvolensky, Eric A Storch

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

The present study investigated the interactive effect of reactive (negative emotionality) and regulatory (effortful control) aspects of temperament in the prediction of child anxiety and depressive symptoms. Clinically anxious children and their mothers completed a battery of questionnaires that included self- and mother-ratings of child effortful control, negative emotionality, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the moderating effect of effortful control on the relation between negative emotionality and child anxiety and depressive symptom severity. The interaction between negative emotionality and effortful control was statistically significant and simple slopes revealed that as effortful control increased, the …

Disrupted White Matter Microstructure Correlates With Impulsivity In Children And Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder, Tianjia Zhu, Alessio Simonetti, Minhui Ouyang, Sherin Kurian, Johanna Saxena, Jair C Soares, Kirti Saxena, Hao Huang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Altered white matter (WM) microstructure likely occurs in children with bipolar disorder (BD) with impulsivity representing one of the core features. However, altered WM microstructures and their age-related trendlines in children with BD and those at high-risk of developing BD, as well as correlations of WM microstructures with impulsivity, have been poorly investigated. In this study, diffusion MRI, cognitive, and impulsivity assessments were obtained from children/adolescents diagnosed with BD, offspring of individuals with BD (high-risk BD) and age-matched healthy controls. A novel atlas-based WM skeleton measurement approach was used to quantify WM microstructural integrity with all diffusion-tensor-imaging (DTI) metrics including …