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2025

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Articles 23911 - 23940 of 24471

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Acquired Ductopenia: An Insight Into Imaging Findings, Rachita Khot, Nathan R Shelman, Daniel R Ludwig, Rashmi T Nair, Mark A Anderson, Sudhakar K Venkatesh, Raj Mohan Paspulati, Rex A Parker, Christine O Menias Jan 2025

Acquired Ductopenia: An Insight Into Imaging Findings, Rachita Khot, Nathan R Shelman, Daniel R Ludwig, Rashmi T Nair, Mark A Anderson, Sudhakar K Venkatesh, Raj Mohan Paspulati, Rex A Parker, Christine O Menias

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Hepatic ductopenia is a pathologic diagnosis characterized by a decrease in the number of intrahepatic bile ducts as a consequence of various underlying etiologies. Some etiologies, such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and ischemic cholangitis, often have distinctive imaging findings. In contrast, other causes such as chronic rejection following liver transplantation, drug-induced biliary injury, infection, malignancy such as lymphoma, and graft-versus-host disease may only have ancillary or non-specific imaging findings. Thus, diagnosing ductopenia in conditions with nonspecific imaging findings requires a multidimensional approach, including clinical evaluation, serological testing, imaging, and liver histology to identify the underlying cause. These …


Barriers And Facilitators To Implementing A Single-Visit, Screen-And-Treat Approach With Thermal Ablation For Cervical Cancer Prevention In Kenya, Harriet Fridah Adhiambo, Thomas Odeny, Et Al. Jan 2025

Barriers And Facilitators To Implementing A Single-Visit, Screen-And-Treat Approach With Thermal Ablation For Cervical Cancer Prevention In Kenya, Harriet Fridah Adhiambo, Thomas Odeny, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Cervical cancer continues to be a major global threat to women's health, with approximately 660,000 women diagnosed annually, 94% of whom are in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The high disease burden in LMICs is partly due to suboptimal adoption and widespread implementation of effective preventive interventions. This study explored drivers of implementation success and failure for a future single-visit, screen, and treat approach with thermal ablation (SV-SAT + TA), referred to as TIBA in Kenya. Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR framework), we conducted in-depth interviews with 34 participants (frontline health workers, health facility managers, and …


Nanobody Screening And Machine Learning Guided Identification Of Cross-Variant Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Neutralizing Heavy-Chain Only Antibodies, Peter R. Mcilroy, Zhuoming Liu, Sean Whelan, Et Al. Jan 2025

Nanobody Screening And Machine Learning Guided Identification Of Cross-Variant Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Neutralizing Heavy-Chain Only Antibodies, Peter R. Mcilroy, Zhuoming Liu, Sean Whelan, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to persist, demonstrating the risks posed by emerging infectious diseases to national security, public health, and the economy. Development of new vaccines and antibodies for emerging viral threats requires substantial resources and time, and traditional development platforms for vaccines and antibodies are often too slow to combat continuously evolving immunological escape variants, reducing their efficacy over time. Previously, we designed a next-generation synthetic humanized nanobody (Nb) phage display library and demonstrated that this library could be used to rapidly identify highly specific and potent neutralizing heavy chain-only antibodies (HCAbs) with prophylactic and …


Cancer-Targeted Pro-Theranostic Bi-Metallic Organo-Coordination Nanoparticles, Hengbo Huang, Lei Fang, Janaka Wansapura, Julie L Prior, Brad Manion, Baogang Xu, Cody Hongsermeier, Nisha Gamadia, Nicole Blasi, Rui Tang, Christopher Egbulefu, Monica Shokeen, James D Quirk, Samuel Achilefu Jan 2025

Cancer-Targeted Pro-Theranostic Bi-Metallic Organo-Coordination Nanoparticles, Hengbo Huang, Lei Fang, Janaka Wansapura, Julie L Prior, Brad Manion, Baogang Xu, Cody Hongsermeier, Nisha Gamadia, Nicole Blasi, Rui Tang, Christopher Egbulefu, Monica Shokeen, James D Quirk, Samuel Achilefu

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.


Poor Sleep Is Common In Treatment-Resistant Late-Life Depression And Associated With Poorer Antidepressant Response: Findings From The Optimum Clinical Trial, Michael S B Mak, Marie Anne Gebara, Eric J Lenze, Daniel M Blumberger, Patrick J Brown, Pilar Cristancho, Alastair J Flint, Jordan F Karp, Helen Lavretsky, J Philip Miller, Charles F Reynolds 3rd, Steven P Roose, Benoit H Mulsant, Sarah T Stahl Jan 2025

Poor Sleep Is Common In Treatment-Resistant Late-Life Depression And Associated With Poorer Antidepressant Response: Findings From The Optimum Clinical Trial, Michael S B Mak, Marie Anne Gebara, Eric J Lenze, Daniel M Blumberger, Patrick J Brown, Pilar Cristancho, Alastair J Flint, Jordan F Karp, Helen Lavretsky, J Philip Miller, Charles F Reynolds 3rd, Steven P Roose, Benoit H Mulsant, Sarah T Stahl

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Adults with treatment-resistant late-life depression (TRLLD) have high rates of sleep problems; however, little is known about the occurrence and change in sleep during pharmacotherapy of TRLLD. This analysis examined: (1) the occurrence of insufficient sleep among adults with TRLLD; (2) how sleep changed during pharmacotherapy; and (3) whether treatment outcomes differed among participants with persistent insufficient sleep, worsened sleep, improved sleep, or persistent sufficient sleep.

METHODS: Secondary analysis of data from 634 participants age 60+ years in the OPTIMUM clinical trial for TRLLD. Sleep was assessed using the sleep item from the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale at the …


A Holistic Ecosystem Model To Diversify The Physician Workforce And Enhance Health, Erik J Porfeli, Sunny Nakae, Leila Amiri, Leila E Harrison, Will Ross Jan 2025

A Holistic Ecosystem Model To Diversify The Physician Workforce And Enhance Health, Erik J Porfeli, Sunny Nakae, Leila Amiri, Leila E Harrison, Will Ross

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: The U.S. medical education system attracts and trains the next generation of physicians to advance the health care needs of a growing and increasingly diverse nation. This system can be credited for supplying a physician workforce achieving remarkable growth and innovation, yielding one of the world's most technologically advanced health care systems on the planet. This system, unfortunately, also contributes to educational, workforce, and health disparities.

OBSERVATIONS: The successes and challenges of the medical education and health care system align with broader economic, health, and educational patterns in the United States. An ecological model can be employed to unite …


An Explainable Ai Approach For Mapping Multivariate Regional Brain Age And Clinical Severity Patterns In Alzheimer's Disease, Gauri Darekar, Taslim Murad, Hui-Yuan Miao, Deepa S Thakuri, Alzheimer’S Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Ganesh B Chand Jan 2025

An Explainable Ai Approach For Mapping Multivariate Regional Brain Age And Clinical Severity Patterns In Alzheimer's Disease, Gauri Darekar, Taslim Murad, Hui-Yuan Miao, Deepa S Thakuri, Alzheimer’S Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Ganesh B Chand

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Age is a significant risk factor for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and identifying brain age patterns is critical for comprehending the normal aging and MCI/AD processes. Prior studies have widely established the univariate relationships between brain regions and age, while multivariate associations remain largely unexplored. Herein, various artificial intelligence (AI) models were used to perform brain age prediction using an MRI dataset (


Development Of A High-Throughput Platform For Quantitation Of Histone Modifications On A New Qtof Instrument, Emily Zahn, Yixuan Xie, Xingyu Liu, Rashmi Karki, Richard M Searfoss, Francisca N De Luna Vitorino, Joanna K Lempiäinen, Joanna Gongora, Zongtao Lin, Chenfeng Zhao, Zuo-Fei Yuan, Benjamin A Garcia Jan 2025

Development Of A High-Throughput Platform For Quantitation Of Histone Modifications On A New Qtof Instrument, Emily Zahn, Yixuan Xie, Xingyu Liu, Rashmi Karki, Richard M Searfoss, Francisca N De Luna Vitorino, Joanna K Lempiäinen, Joanna Gongora, Zongtao Lin, Chenfeng Zhao, Zuo-Fei Yuan, Benjamin A Garcia

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate gene expression patterns through epigenetic mechanisms. The five histone proteins (H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) are extensively modified, with over 75 distinct modification types spanning more than 200 sites. Despite strong advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based approaches, identification and quantification of modified histone peptides remains challenging because of factors, such as isobaric peptides, pseudo-isobaric PTMs, and low stoichiometry of certain marks. Here, we describe the development of a new high-throughput method to identify and quantify over 150 modified histone peptides by LC-MS. Fast gradient microflow liquid chromatography and variable window sequential windows acquisition of …


Caregiver Worry About Covid-19 As A Predictor Of Social Mitigation Behaviours And Sars-Cov-2 Infection In A 12-City U.S. Surveillance Study Of Households With Children, Steven M Brunwasser, Katherine Rivera-Spoljaric, Et Al. Jan 2025

Caregiver Worry About Covid-19 As A Predictor Of Social Mitigation Behaviours And Sars-Cov-2 Infection In A 12-City U.S. Surveillance Study Of Households With Children, Steven M Brunwasser, Katherine Rivera-Spoljaric, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Understanding compliance with COVID-19 mitigation recommendations is critical for informing efforts to contain future infectious disease outbreaks. This study tested the hypothesis that higher levels of worry about COVID-19 illness among household caregivers would predict lower (a) levels of overall and discretionary social exposure activities and (b) rates of household SARS-CoV-2 infections.

METHODS: Data were drawn from a surveillance study of households with children (

RESULTS: Caregivers with high enrollment levels of worry about COVID-19 illness were more likely to reduce direct social contact outside the household, particularly during the U.S.'s most deadly pandemic wave. Households of caregivers with …


Disclosing Disabilities: Barriers For Medical School Applicants, Sarah Leah Solomon, Aitan E. Magence, Harry Haran, Fern R. Juster, Kristina H. Petersen Jan 2025

Disclosing Disabilities: Barriers For Medical School Applicants, Sarah Leah Solomon, Aitan E. Magence, Harry Haran, Fern R. Juster, Kristina H. Petersen

2020-Current year OA Pubs

This study investigated the availability of accommodation request procedures for medical school admissions interviews and the accessibility of Technical Standards (TS) for candidates with disabilities (CWD) across Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME)-accredited institutions in the United States and Canada. Utilizing a cross-sectional study methodology, surveys were distributed to Deans of Admissions and Disabilities Resource Professionals (DRP) at all LCME-accredited US and Canadian MD programs. Surveys gathered data about interview formats, interview accommodation procedures, and TS accessibility during the 2018-2019 academic year. We received responses from 71 institutions (41.3%), with 56.3% survey completion rate (n = 40). Among respondents, interview …


Comparison And Clinical Applicability Analysis Of All-Posterior, Combined Anterior-Posterior, And Combined Lateral-Posterior Approaches In Adult Spinal Deformities: A Narrative Review, Garrison P. Bentz, Christopher Diaz, Nicholas A. Pollatta, Mark J. Lambrechts Jan 2025

Comparison And Clinical Applicability Analysis Of All-Posterior, Combined Anterior-Posterior, And Combined Lateral-Posterior Approaches In Adult Spinal Deformities: A Narrative Review, Garrison P. Bentz, Christopher Diaz, Nicholas A. Pollatta, Mark J. Lambrechts

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.


Vagus Nerve Stimulation In Treatment-Resistant Depression: A One-Year, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial, Charles R Conway, Christopher L Kriedt, Et Al. Jan 2025

Vagus Nerve Stimulation In Treatment-Resistant Depression: A One-Year, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial, Charles R Conway, Christopher L Kriedt, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Few treatments are available for individuals with marked treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the safety and effectiveness of FDA-approved adjunctive vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in patients with marked TRD.

METHODS: This 12-month, multicenter, double-blind, sham-controlled trial included 493 adults with marked treatment-resistant major depression who were randomized to active or no-stimulation sham VNS for 12 months. The primary outcome was percent time in response across months 3-12, with response defined as a ≥50 % change from baseline on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Several secondary endpoints were evaluated.

RESULTS: Overall, 88.4 % of participants completed the trial. Percent …


Colorectal Cancer Incidence Trends In Younger Versus Older Adults: An Analysis Of Population-Based Cancer Registry Data, Hyuna Sung, Rebecca L Siegel, Mathieu Laversanne, Chenxi Jiang, Eileen Morgan, Mariam Zahwe, Yin Cao, Freddie Bray, Ahmedin Jemal Jan 2025

Colorectal Cancer Incidence Trends In Younger Versus Older Adults: An Analysis Of Population-Based Cancer Registry Data, Hyuna Sung, Rebecca L Siegel, Mathieu Laversanne, Chenxi Jiang, Eileen Morgan, Mariam Zahwe, Yin Cao, Freddie Bray, Ahmedin Jemal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that colorectal cancer incidence is increasing among younger adults (aged < 50 years) in multiple high-income western countries in contrast with stabilising or decreasing trends in incidence in older adults (aged ≥50 years). This study aimed to investigate contemporary colorectal cancer incidence trends in younger adults versus older adults.

METHODS: Colorectal cancer incidence data, including year of diagnosis, sex, and 5-year age group for 50 countries and territories, were extracted from the WHO-International Agency for Research on Cancer Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus database. The Human Development Index 2022 was retrieved from the United Nations Development Programme and grouped into very high (>0·80), high (0·70-0·79), medium (0·55-0·69), and low (< 0·55) categories. Age-standardised incidence rates (ASR) per 100 000 person-years of early-onset (diagnosed between ages 25 to 49 years) and late-onset (diagnosed between ages 50 to 74 years) colorectal cancer (ICD 10th revision, C18-20), diagnosed between 1943-2003 and 2015-17, were calculated using the direct method and Segi-Doll world standard population). The primary study objective was to examine contemporary colorectal cancer incidence trends in younger adults versus older adults using data until 2017 from 50 countries and territories. Temporal trends were visualised and quantified with joinpoint regression, stratified by age at diagnosis (25-49 years or 50-74 years). Average annual percentage changes (AAPC) were estimated.

FINDINGS: In the most recent 5 years (2013-17 for all countries analysed, except for Japan [2011-15], Spain [2012-16], and Costa Rica [2012-16]), …


Usability Of The Mayo Test Drive Remote Self-Administered Web-Based Cognitive Screening Battery In Adults Aged 35-100 With And Without Cognitive Impairment, Jay S Patel, Jason Hassenstab, Et Al. Jan 2025

Usability Of The Mayo Test Drive Remote Self-Administered Web-Based Cognitive Screening Battery In Adults Aged 35-100 With And Without Cognitive Impairment, Jay S Patel, Jason Hassenstab, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Mayo Test Drive (MTD): Mayo Test Development through Rapid Iteration, Validation and Expansion, is a web-based remote cognitive assessment platform for self-administered neuropsychological measures with previously demonstrated validity and reliability. We examined the usability of MTD and hypothesized that completion rates would be greater than 90%. We explored whether completion and participation rates differed by cognitive status and demographic factors.

METHODS: A total of 1,950 Mayo Clinic Study of Aging and Mayo Alzheimer's Disease Research Center participants (97% White, 99% Non-Hispanic) were invited to participate in this ancillary, uncompensated remote study. Most invitees were cognitively unimpaired (CU;

RESULTS: Baseline …


System Readiness And The Patient Care Pathway For Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis And Treatment, B Joy Snider, Et Al. Jan 2025

System Readiness And The Patient Care Pathway For Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis And Treatment, B Joy Snider, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Promising therapeutic interventions that target the underlying pathophysiology are changing the landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. The AD care pathway must be transformed to meet the challenge of bringing these new therapies to the increasing number of people living with AD within the existing healthcare framework. Challenges include identifying patients who may benefit from treatment interventions early in the course of the disease, ensuring that diagnostic tools are accessible and accurate, and developing capabilities to monitor the effectiveness of interventions over time. These challenges must be addressed at all levels, from primary care settings to tertiary treatment centers; this …


Impact Of Genetic Counseling And Testing In Individuals At High Risk Of Familial Alzheimer's Disease From Latin America: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial, Pablo M Bagnati, Ellen Ziegemeier, Eric Mcdade, Randall J Bateman, Jorge J Llibre-Guerra, Et Al. Jan 2025

Impact Of Genetic Counseling And Testing In Individuals At High Risk Of Familial Alzheimer's Disease From Latin America: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial, Pablo M Bagnati, Ellen Ziegemeier, Eric Mcdade, Randall J Bateman, Jorge J Llibre-Guerra, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: This study involved evaluating a tailored genetic counseling and testing (GCT) protocol for families at risk of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD) in Latin America (LatAm), focusing on essential cultural and regional adaptations.

METHODS: We conducted a non-randomized controlled trial among ADAD families in Colombia and Argentina. Participants were categorized based on their decision to learn their genetic status (GS), with further comparisons between mutation-positive versus mutation-negative participants who learned their status. Psychological impacts were measured using validated scales for anxiety and depression.

RESULTS: Of the 122 eligible participants, 97 completed the GCT protocol, and 87 opted to learn …


Association Of Item-Level Responses To Cognitive Function Index With Tau Pathology And Hippocampal Volume In The A4 Study, Idris Demirsoy, Elham Ghanbarian, Babak Khorsand, Bhargav T Nallapu, Kellen K Petersen, Richard B Lipton, S Ahmad Sajjadi, Laura A Rabin, Ali Ezzati Jan 2025

Association Of Item-Level Responses To Cognitive Function Index With Tau Pathology And Hippocampal Volume In The A4 Study, Idris Demirsoy, Elham Ghanbarian, Babak Khorsand, Bhargav T Nallapu, Kellen K Petersen, Richard B Lipton, S Ahmad Sajjadi, Laura A Rabin, Ali Ezzati

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a long preclinical phase in which individuals may accumulate amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau pathology without noticeable cognitive impairment. Subjective cognitive impairment reports can provide early insights into cognitive decline.

METHODS: In the A4 Study, 339 cognitively unimpaired, Aβ-positive individuals underwent tau positron emission tomography imaging. Tau status was classified based on medial temporal lobe tau standardized uptake value ratios (tau

RESULTS: Higher tau

DISCUSSION: These findings support the utility of participant- and study partner-reported concerns as early indicators of preclinical AD pathology, with potential value for early detection and trial enrichment strategies.

HIGHLIGHTS: Higher …


Discovering Subtypes With Imaging Signatures In The Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome Consortium Using Weakly Supervised Clustering, Bhargav Teja Nallapu, Kellen K Petersen, Et Al. Jan 2025

Discovering Subtypes With Imaging Signatures In The Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome Consortium Using Weakly Supervised Clustering, Bhargav Teja Nallapu, Kellen K Petersen, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Understanding the heterogeneity of brain structure in individuals with the Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome (MCR) may improve the current risk assessments of dementia.

METHODS: We used data from six cohorts from the

RESULTS: Three subgroups (Groups A, B, and C) were identified through MRI-based clustering with significant differences in regional brain volumes, gait speeds, and performance on Trail Making (Part-B) and Free and Cued Selective Reminding Tests.

DISCUSSION: Based on structural MRI, our results reflect heterogeneity in the population with moderate and slow gait, including those with MCR. Such a data-driven approach could help pave new pathways toward dementia …


Barriers And Motivators To Attending Group Exercise Classes In Women With Anxiety, Depression And Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Sarah Ford Jan 2025

Barriers And Motivators To Attending Group Exercise Classes In Women With Anxiety, Depression And Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Sarah Ford

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Research has demonstrated the positive effect of exercise on mental health disorders such as anxiety disorder, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Studies have also investigated the barriers and motivators that women in particular experience when contemplating the ways in which to engage in physical activity. However, a literature gap exists regarding women who experience anxiety disorder, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, and the barriers and motivators that they specifically navigate when looking to attend group exercise classes. In this body of research for the award of Master of Medical and Health Science by Research, a scoping review was first conducted …


Optimal Bag Valve Mask Ventilation Efficacy Of Smart Bag Ventilation Compared To Traditional Adult And Paediatric Bag Valve Ventilation During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Ian Dawson Jan 2025

Optimal Bag Valve Mask Ventilation Efficacy Of Smart Bag Ventilation Compared To Traditional Adult And Paediatric Bag Valve Ventilation During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Ian Dawson

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Background: Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) is one of the world’s leading causes of mortality. Survival rates are low, ranging from 3.1–20.4% internationally. The most effective oxygenation method for patients during pre-hospital cardiac arrest is ventilating using a self- inflating Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM). Yet, extensive research has identified a lack of compliance with ventilator guidelines during OHCA cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). As a result, clinicians often ventilate patients too aggressively using the BVM, delivering breaths excessively higher than the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) recommended rate of 10 breaths per minute (BPM). Hyperventilation can lead to complications such as aspiration, barotrauma, and …


Early, Standardised, And Precise Treatment Of Copd Exacerbations And Covid-19, Sanjay Ramakrishnan Jan 2025

Early, Standardised, And Precise Treatment Of Copd Exacerbations And Covid-19, Sanjay Ramakrishnan

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Background: Background Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common chronic condition causing significant morbidity and mortality. Patients with COPD report sudden episodes of deteriorating respiratory symptoms called exacerbations, often presumed to be precipitated by infections. COPD is in the top 5 causes of death globally. COPD exacerbations drive a large proportion of these deaths. Despite this, there is no standardised model of care for the sickest patients who need hospitalisations for exacerbations. Meanwhile, treatment for COPD exacerbations continues to be guided by symptoms, instead of underlying biology. Most patients are treated with unnecessary and harmful systemic corticosteroids. During the …


Athlete Monitoring And Training Modification Decision-Making: Insights From High-Level Endurance Sports Coaches, Wouter Piet Timmerman Jan 2025

Athlete Monitoring And Training Modification Decision-Making: Insights From High-Level Endurance Sports Coaches, Wouter Piet Timmerman

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Athlete monitoring technology has proliferated in the last decades. However, much of what is known about athlete monitoring tends to come from unpublished personal experiences and anecdotal information. In the last decade, considerable athlete monitoring research has been conducted, leading to multiple reviews and consensus statements mainly on athlete monitoring tools and methods. Recognising that athlete monitoring is a human-driven process, typically with the coach as the decision-maker, it is imperative to study coaches given their extensive knowledge and expertise. The overall aim of the thesis was to gain insights into why and how high-level endurance sports coaches use athlete …


The Role Of Game-Based Learning Simulation To Enhance Leadership In Pandemic Preparedness For Nursing Students, Scott James Andrews Jan 2025

The Role Of Game-Based Learning Simulation To Enhance Leadership In Pandemic Preparedness For Nursing Students, Scott James Andrews

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses around the world suffered with the impact of resource scarcity on the provision of quality nursing care to patients. Nursing staff were at higher risk of infection than all other healthcare workers, with working conditions during the pandemic resulting in significant staffing pressures. The challenges faced by staff during the pandemic inevitably influenced the quality and delivery of clinical education, highlighting the need for innovative solutions such as digital learning to address emerging training needs. Further, the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on clinical education has highlighted the benefits of digital learning environments as alternatives to …


Family Members’ Experiences Of Post-Cardiac Surgery Delirium In The Intensive Care Unit: A Narrative Inquiry, Amber Coral Mclean Jan 2025

Family Members’ Experiences Of Post-Cardiac Surgery Delirium In The Intensive Care Unit: A Narrative Inquiry, Amber Coral Mclean

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Aim: This study explores delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU) following cardiac surgery from the perspective of family members.

Background: Delirium is a common complication affecting 28-52% of people following cardiac surgery in the ICU, which can lead to distress for both the person and their family members. While research has been conducted on clinical outcomes of family involvement in delirium care, there is a lack of understanding of how delirium impacts the family members themselves. This study seeks to provide detailed narrative accounts of families’ experience of witnessing delirium in their loved one following cardiac surgery in the …


The Interplay Between Injury And Body Composition With Performance In Police Recruits, Vanessa Sutton Jan 2025

The Interplay Between Injury And Body Composition With Performance In Police Recruits, Vanessa Sutton

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The occupational demands of policing are challenging and potentially hazardous, with substantial rates of musculoskeletal injuries occurring during recruit training. Academy injury prevalence can be as high as one in five recruits. Injuries impact performance, result in lost training, and impose financial burdens on police agencies. However, limited research has explored pre-injury body composition or musculoskeletal characteristics in relation to police recruit performance. This thesis investigates injuries, body composition and musculoskeletal characteristics in physical performance and injury risk among law enforcement recruits.

Study One quantified prevalence and severity of pre-academy injuries and association with performance. Among 121 recruits, nearly half …


Novel Loci For Triglyceride/Hdl-C Ratio Longitudinal Change Among Subjects Without T2d, Lihua Wang, Siyu Wang, Jason A Anema, Vaha A Moghaddam, Yanli Lu, Shiow Lin, E Warwick Daw, Allison L Kuipers, Iva Miljkovic, Michael Brent, Gary J Patti, Bharat Thygarajan, Joseph M Zmuda, Michael A Province, Ping An Jan 2025

Novel Loci For Triglyceride/Hdl-C Ratio Longitudinal Change Among Subjects Without T2d, Lihua Wang, Siyu Wang, Jason A Anema, Vaha A Moghaddam, Yanli Lu, Shiow Lin, E Warwick Daw, Allison L Kuipers, Iva Miljkovic, Michael Brent, Gary J Patti, Bharat Thygarajan, Joseph M Zmuda, Michael A Province, Ping An

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Triglyceride (TG)/HDL-C ratio (THR) is a surrogate predictor of hyperinsulinemia. To identify novel genetic loci for THR change over time (ΔTHR), we conducted genome-wide association study (GWAS) and genome-wide linkage scan (GWLS) among nondiabetic Europeans from the Long Life Family Study (n = 1,384). Subjects with diabetes or on dyslipidemia medications were excluded. ΔTHR was derived using growth curve modeling and adjusted for age, sex, field centers, and principal components. GWAS used a linear mixed model accounting for familial relatedness. GWLS employed haplotype-based identity-by-descent estimation with 0.5 cM average spacing. Heritability of ΔTHR was moderate (46%). Our GWAS identified a …


Clinical Trials For Wolfram Syndrome Neurodegeneration: Novel Design, Endpoints, And Analysis Models, Guoqiao Wang, Zhaolong Adrian Li, Ling Chen, Heather Lugar, Tamara Hershey Jan 2025

Clinical Trials For Wolfram Syndrome Neurodegeneration: Novel Design, Endpoints, And Analysis Models, Guoqiao Wang, Zhaolong Adrian Li, Ling Chen, Heather Lugar, Tamara Hershey

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Wolfram syndrome, an ultra-rare condition, currently lacks effective treatment options. The rarity of this disease presents significant challenges in conducting clinical trials, particularly in achieving sufficient statistical power (e.g., 80%). The objective of this study is to propose a novel clinical trial design based on real-world data to reduce the sample size required for conducting clinical trials for Wolfram syndrome.

METHODS: We propose a novel clinical trial design with three key features aimed at reducing sample size and improve efficiency: (i) Pooling historical/external controls from a longitudinal observational study conducted by the Washington University Wolfram Research Clinic. (ii) Utilizing …


Abdominal Myosteatosis Measured With Computed Tomography Predicts Poor Outcomes In Patients With Glioblastoma, Farzaneh Rahmani, David H Ballard, Tammie L S Benzinger, Sonika Dahiya, John Evans, Sara Hosseinzadeh Kassani, Cyrus A Raji, Marilyn J Siegel, Joseph E Ippolito, Et Al. Jan 2025

Abdominal Myosteatosis Measured With Computed Tomography Predicts Poor Outcomes In Patients With Glioblastoma, Farzaneh Rahmani, David H Ballard, Tammie L S Benzinger, Sonika Dahiya, John Evans, Sara Hosseinzadeh Kassani, Cyrus A Raji, Marilyn J Siegel, Joseph E Ippolito, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Alterations in cellular metabolism affect cancer survival and can manifest in metrics of body composition. We investigated the effects of various body composition metrics on survival in patients with glioblastoma (GBM).

METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients who had an abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (CT) scan performed within 1 month of diagnosis of GBM (178 participants, 102 males, 76 females, median age: 62.1 years). Volumetric body composition metrics were derived using automated CT segmentation of adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and aortic calcification from L1 to L5. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were performed separately in males and …


Design Of A Post-Market Registry For The Extravascular Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: The Enlighten Study., Lucas V A Boersma, Anish Amin, Nicolas Clémenty, David Duncker, Gregory Engel, Laurence Epstein, Vikas Kuriachan, Camille Frazier-Mills, Marianne Gwechenberger, Nobuhiro Nishii, Jeff Lande, Christopher Wiggenhorn, Ian Crozier Jan 2025

Design Of A Post-Market Registry For The Extravascular Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: The Enlighten Study., Lucas V A Boersma, Anish Amin, Nicolas Clémenty, David Duncker, Gregory Engel, Laurence Epstein, Vikas Kuriachan, Camille Frazier-Mills, Marianne Gwechenberger, Nobuhiro Nishii, Jeff Lande, Christopher Wiggenhorn, Ian Crozier

Heart and Vascular Articles

BACKGROUND: The extravascular implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (EV-ICD) with substernal lead placement has been shown to terminate ventricular arrhythmias safely and effectively while being outside the vasculature. The performance of the EV-ICD system with a novel inappropriate shock-reducing algorithm in a real-world setting has yet to be investigated.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the Enlighten Study: the EV-ICD Post-Approval Registry is to provide a comprehensive measure of the safety and performance of the EV-ICD system in real-world clinical practice over the lifetime of the device.

METHODS: The Enlighten Study is a global, prospective, observational, multicenter, post-approval study utilizing the manufacturer's Product Surveillance Registry. …


Power Training Impact On Running Ability After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Study, Sandra M. Tremblay Pt, Ms, Cws, Mscs Jan 2025

Power Training Impact On Running Ability After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Study, Sandra M. Tremblay Pt, Ms, Cws, Mscs

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.